In order to convey complete meanings,there is a phenomenon in Chinese of using multiple running sentences.Xu Jingning(2023,p.66)states,“In communication,a complete expression of meaning often requires more than one c...In order to convey complete meanings,there is a phenomenon in Chinese of using multiple running sentences.Xu Jingning(2023,p.66)states,“In communication,a complete expression of meaning often requires more than one clause,which is common in human languages.”Domestic research on running sentences includes discussions on defining the concept and structural features of running sentences,sentence properties,sentence pattern classifications and their criteria,as well as issues related to translating running sentences into English.This article primarily focuses on scholarly research into the English translation of running sentences in China,highlighting recent achievements and identifying existing issues in the study of running sentence translation.However,by reviewing literature on the translation of running sentences,it is found that current research in the academic community on non-core running sentences is limited.Therefore,this paper proposes relevant strategies to address this issue.展开更多
In recent years,with the development of the social Internet of Things(IoT),all kinds of data accumulated on the network.These data,which contain a lot of social information and opinions.However,these data are rarely f...In recent years,with the development of the social Internet of Things(IoT),all kinds of data accumulated on the network.These data,which contain a lot of social information and opinions.However,these data are rarely fully analyzed,which is a major obstacle to the intelligent development of the social IoT.In this paper,we propose a sentence similarity analysis model to analyze the similarity in people’s opinions on hot topics in social media and news pages.Most of these data are unstructured or semi-structured sentences,so the accuracy of sentence similarity analysis largely determines the model’s performance.For the purpose of improving accuracy,we propose a novel method of sentence similarity computation to extract the syntactic and semantic information of the semi-structured and unstructured sentences.We mainly consider the subjects,predicates and objects of sentence pairs and use Stanford Parser to classify the dependency relation triples to calculate the syntactic and semantic similarity between two sentences.Finally,we verify the performance of the model with the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus(MRPC),which consists of 4076 pairs of training sentences and 1725 pairs of test sentences,and most of the data came from the news of social data.Extensive simulations demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods regarding the correlation coefficient and the mean deviation.展开更多
To reveal invariant properties of human languages is one of the central goals of modern generative grammar.Hierarchical feature of sentence construction, one of the key notions in this regard, reflects one of the most...To reveal invariant properties of human languages is one of the central goals of modern generative grammar.Hierarchical feature of sentence construction, one of the key notions in this regard, reflects one of the most widely accepted invariant properties of human languages. However,researchers also challenge this point and argue that languages differ fundamentally from one another so that it is very hard to find any single structural property which they share. This paper revisits the evidence for the hierarchical structure of sentences from the principle of structure dependence in first and second language acquisition and argues that the recognition of hierarchical structure of sentences is essential to any linguistic exploration.展开更多
In the teaching of translation and grammar,it is essential that the English sentence structure is analyzed and transformation of sentence structures both in English and Chinese in class and after class. However,many k...In the teaching of translation and grammar,it is essential that the English sentence structure is analyzed and transformation of sentence structures both in English and Chinese in class and after class. However,many kinds of English sentences structures prevent the students who study English from getting the basic idea and concept of a sentence in translation or grammatical analysis. In this paper,the author submitted the basic mould of simplification of English sentence structure,and the students can learn and master the translating technique through the simplified English sentence structure. Thus it helps to improve students' competence of translation.展开更多
Sentence classification is the process of categorizing a sentence based on the context of the sentence.Sentence categorization requires more semantic highlights than other tasks,such as dependence parsing,which requir...Sentence classification is the process of categorizing a sentence based on the context of the sentence.Sentence categorization requires more semantic highlights than other tasks,such as dependence parsing,which requires more syntactic elements.Most existing strategies focus on the general semantics of a conversation without involving the context of the sentence,recognizing the progress and comparing impacts.An ensemble pre-trained language model was taken up here to classify the conversation sentences from the conversation corpus.The conversational sentences are classified into four categories:information,question,directive,and commission.These classification label sequences are for analyzing the conversation progress and predicting the pecking order of the conversation.Ensemble of Bidirectional Encoder for Representation of Transformer(BERT),Robustly Optimized BERT pretraining Approach(RoBERTa),Generative Pre-Trained Transformer(GPT),DistilBERT and Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding(XLNet)models are trained on conversation corpus with hyperparameters.Hyperparameter tuning approach is carried out for better performance on sentence classification.This Ensemble of Pre-trained Language Models with a Hyperparameter Tuning(EPLM-HT)system is trained on an annotated conversation dataset.The proposed approach outperformed compared to the base BERT,GPT,DistilBERT and XLNet transformer models.The proposed ensemble model with the fine-tuned parameters achieved an F1_score of 0.88.展开更多
Speech helps us to communicate with our loved ones and significant others through construction of grammatically coherent sentences that are comprehensible to our communication partners. As such, impairment of this abi...Speech helps us to communicate with our loved ones and significant others through construction of grammatically coherent sentences that are comprehensible to our communication partners. As such, impairment of this ability as a result of stroke can be debilitating and disabling to the patients as well as significant others. Agrammatism is deficit in the use and processing of grammatically coherent syntactic structures following damage to the Broca’s complex or region. Most studies have traditionally emphasized monolingual patients, with bilingualism now receiving increased attention. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effect of minor stroke on agrammatic bilingual individuals. This study examined an agrammatic Yoruba- English bilingual patient with minor stroke with a view to describing their sentence production (deficit). The findings strongly support the existence of distinct language-specific lexical-subsystem centres in the Broca’s complex for native and acquired languages (Yoruba-English) whereas both languages are likely connected to a single semantic system in the anterior temporal lobe and its surrounding regions. Furthermore, acquired language is more susceptible to brain damage than native language. This might imply that severity of deficit in speech production in both native and acquired language of bilingual aphasics may be determined by the size of lesion in the Broca’s complex or region.展开更多
We use a lot of devices in our daily life to communicate with others. In this modern world, people use email, Facebook, Twitter, and many other social network sites for exchanging information. People lose their valuab...We use a lot of devices in our daily life to communicate with others. In this modern world, people use email, Facebook, Twitter, and many other social network sites for exchanging information. People lose their valuable time misspelling and retyping, and some people are not happy to type large sentences because they face unnecessary words or grammatical issues. So, for this reason, word predictive systems help to exchange textual information more quickly, easier, and comfortably for all people. These systems predict the next most probable words and give users to choose of the needed word from these suggested words. Word prediction can help the writer by predicting the next word and helping complete the sentence correctly. This research aims to forecast the most suitable next word to complete a sentence for any given context. In this research, we have worked on the Bangla language. We have presented a process that can expect the next maximum probable and proper words and suggest a complete sentence using predicted words. In this research, GRU-based RNN has been used on the N-gram dataset to develop the proposed model. We collected a large dataset using multiple sources in the Bangla language and also compared it to the other approaches that have been used such as LSTM, and Naive Bayes. But this suggested approach provides excellent exactness than others. Here, the Unigram model provides 88.22%, Bi-gram model is 99.24%, Tri-gram model is 97.69%, and 4-gram and 5-gram models provide 99.43% and 99.78% on average accurateness. We think that our proposed method profound impression on Bangla search engines.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of translation from English on the Arabic language.Specifically,it attempts to study how the translation of English auxiliary verbs influences the syntactic structure of the Arabi...This study investigates the influence of translation from English on the Arabic language.Specifically,it attempts to study how the translation of English auxiliary verbs influences the syntactic structure of the Arabic sentence and how the English predicating structure affects that of Arabic.This study is qualitative in nature.The data of this study were based on the language of electronic journalism in Jordan as a model.A sample from two popular news agencies in the Jordanian electronic media was chosen.The study reveals that the translation of English auxiliary verbs has influenced the syntactic structure of the Arabic sentence.Particularly,the study indicates that the influence of the English auxiliary verb on Arabic caused the passive form to die out from the actual use of the Arabic language.The study also reveals a change in the predicating structure of the Arabic sentence.Moreover,the study shows a change in the deictic indication of some of the demonstratives used in Arabic sentence structures.展开更多
This paper discusses the structure and hierarchy of sentence-endings in Tibetan language. Tibetan sentence-endings are hierarchical. They can be divided into two levels from the perspectives of structure, distribution...This paper discusses the structure and hierarchy of sentence-endings in Tibetan language. Tibetan sentence-endings are hierarchical. They can be divided into two levels from the perspectives of structure, distribution and expressive function. The first level comes after the predicate or verb phrase, indicating the category of tense/aspect/mood(TAM). The second level, which follows a self-sufficient sentence, mainly expresses the meaning of the speaker’s hint, inference, evaluation and attitude to the information. Each level includes several different types of endings, which act on different syntactic categories or manifest different degrees of subjectivity. The lower the degree of correlation between the endings and the information of the self-sufficient sentence is, the higher the corresponding semantic category and the speaker’s subjective participation are. Some lower-level endings can also express the grammatical meaning of the higher level in certain context with increasing subjectivity.展开更多
Run-on sentences are used frequently in daily life and literature;however,there is no corresponding sentence pattern in English.Therefore,it is challenging for translators to render run-on sentences into idiomatic Eng...Run-on sentences are used frequently in daily life and literature;however,there is no corresponding sentence pattern in English.Therefore,it is challenging for translators to render run-on sentences into idiomatic English.This paper introduces the definition,classification,and the translation of run-on sentences,aiming to summarize the common rules of its translation.展开更多
N＋N nominal sentence is an important structure type of nominal sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Attributive-center, combination, apposition and subject-predicate are its main structure types. In main literary genres, ...N＋N nominal sentence is an important structure type of nominal sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Attributive-center, combination, apposition and subject-predicate are its main structure types. In main literary genres, the distribution of N＋N nominal sentence shows a certain trend of dominant hierarchy： poem﹥drama﹥novel﹥prose. No matter what kind of literary genres, attributive-center structure is the type with maximum quantity, while appositive structure is the type with minimum quantity. Statistical result indicates that most of N＋N nominal sentence is nominal and its use is limited by genres. Function of N＋N nominal sentence is textual. When it comes to discourse, it can be used as theme, rheme and dual identity of theme and rheme based on the theory of Theme-Rheme （T-R） structure pattern. It does not only construct the information structure to deliver textual information, but also its a vital means of discourse cohesion and coherence.展开更多
文摘In order to convey complete meanings,there is a phenomenon in Chinese of using multiple running sentences.Xu Jingning(2023,p.66)states,“In communication,a complete expression of meaning often requires more than one clause,which is common in human languages.”Domestic research on running sentences includes discussions on defining the concept and structural features of running sentences,sentence properties,sentence pattern classifications and their criteria,as well as issues related to translating running sentences into English.This article primarily focuses on scholarly research into the English translation of running sentences in China,highlighting recent achievements and identifying existing issues in the study of running sentence translation.However,by reviewing literature on the translation of running sentences,it is found that current research in the academic community on non-core running sentences is limited.Therefore,this paper proposes relevant strategies to address this issue.
基金supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-006partially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China under Grant ZR2020MF006partially supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”of China University of Petroleum(East China)under Grant 20CX05017A,18CX02139A.
文摘In recent years,with the development of the social Internet of Things(IoT),all kinds of data accumulated on the network.These data,which contain a lot of social information and opinions.However,these data are rarely fully analyzed,which is a major obstacle to the intelligent development of the social IoT.In this paper,we propose a sentence similarity analysis model to analyze the similarity in people’s opinions on hot topics in social media and news pages.Most of these data are unstructured or semi-structured sentences,so the accuracy of sentence similarity analysis largely determines the model’s performance.For the purpose of improving accuracy,we propose a novel method of sentence similarity computation to extract the syntactic and semantic information of the semi-structured and unstructured sentences.We mainly consider the subjects,predicates and objects of sentence pairs and use Stanford Parser to classify the dependency relation triples to calculate the syntactic and semantic similarity between two sentences.Finally,we verify the performance of the model with the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus(MRPC),which consists of 4076 pairs of training sentences and 1725 pairs of test sentences,and most of the data came from the news of social data.Extensive simulations demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods regarding the correlation coefficient and the mean deviation.
文摘To reveal invariant properties of human languages is one of the central goals of modern generative grammar.Hierarchical feature of sentence construction, one of the key notions in this regard, reflects one of the most widely accepted invariant properties of human languages. However,researchers also challenge this point and argue that languages differ fundamentally from one another so that it is very hard to find any single structural property which they share. This paper revisits the evidence for the hierarchical structure of sentences from the principle of structure dependence in first and second language acquisition and argues that the recognition of hierarchical structure of sentences is essential to any linguistic exploration.
文摘In the teaching of translation and grammar,it is essential that the English sentence structure is analyzed and transformation of sentence structures both in English and Chinese in class and after class. However,many kinds of English sentences structures prevent the students who study English from getting the basic idea and concept of a sentence in translation or grammatical analysis. In this paper,the author submitted the basic mould of simplification of English sentence structure,and the students can learn and master the translating technique through the simplified English sentence structure. Thus it helps to improve students' competence of translation.
文摘Sentence classification is the process of categorizing a sentence based on the context of the sentence.Sentence categorization requires more semantic highlights than other tasks,such as dependence parsing,which requires more syntactic elements.Most existing strategies focus on the general semantics of a conversation without involving the context of the sentence,recognizing the progress and comparing impacts.An ensemble pre-trained language model was taken up here to classify the conversation sentences from the conversation corpus.The conversational sentences are classified into four categories:information,question,directive,and commission.These classification label sequences are for analyzing the conversation progress and predicting the pecking order of the conversation.Ensemble of Bidirectional Encoder for Representation of Transformer(BERT),Robustly Optimized BERT pretraining Approach(RoBERTa),Generative Pre-Trained Transformer(GPT),DistilBERT and Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding(XLNet)models are trained on conversation corpus with hyperparameters.Hyperparameter tuning approach is carried out for better performance on sentence classification.This Ensemble of Pre-trained Language Models with a Hyperparameter Tuning(EPLM-HT)system is trained on an annotated conversation dataset.The proposed approach outperformed compared to the base BERT,GPT,DistilBERT and XLNet transformer models.The proposed ensemble model with the fine-tuned parameters achieved an F1_score of 0.88.
文摘Speech helps us to communicate with our loved ones and significant others through construction of grammatically coherent sentences that are comprehensible to our communication partners. As such, impairment of this ability as a result of stroke can be debilitating and disabling to the patients as well as significant others. Agrammatism is deficit in the use and processing of grammatically coherent syntactic structures following damage to the Broca’s complex or region. Most studies have traditionally emphasized monolingual patients, with bilingualism now receiving increased attention. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effect of minor stroke on agrammatic bilingual individuals. This study examined an agrammatic Yoruba- English bilingual patient with minor stroke with a view to describing their sentence production (deficit). The findings strongly support the existence of distinct language-specific lexical-subsystem centres in the Broca’s complex for native and acquired languages (Yoruba-English) whereas both languages are likely connected to a single semantic system in the anterior temporal lobe and its surrounding regions. Furthermore, acquired language is more susceptible to brain damage than native language. This might imply that severity of deficit in speech production in both native and acquired language of bilingual aphasics may be determined by the size of lesion in the Broca’s complex or region.
文摘We use a lot of devices in our daily life to communicate with others. In this modern world, people use email, Facebook, Twitter, and many other social network sites for exchanging information. People lose their valuable time misspelling and retyping, and some people are not happy to type large sentences because they face unnecessary words or grammatical issues. So, for this reason, word predictive systems help to exchange textual information more quickly, easier, and comfortably for all people. These systems predict the next most probable words and give users to choose of the needed word from these suggested words. Word prediction can help the writer by predicting the next word and helping complete the sentence correctly. This research aims to forecast the most suitable next word to complete a sentence for any given context. In this research, we have worked on the Bangla language. We have presented a process that can expect the next maximum probable and proper words and suggest a complete sentence using predicted words. In this research, GRU-based RNN has been used on the N-gram dataset to develop the proposed model. We collected a large dataset using multiple sources in the Bangla language and also compared it to the other approaches that have been used such as LSTM, and Naive Bayes. But this suggested approach provides excellent exactness than others. Here, the Unigram model provides 88.22%, Bi-gram model is 99.24%, Tri-gram model is 97.69%, and 4-gram and 5-gram models provide 99.43% and 99.78% on average accurateness. We think that our proposed method profound impression on Bangla search engines.
文摘This study investigates the influence of translation from English on the Arabic language.Specifically,it attempts to study how the translation of English auxiliary verbs influences the syntactic structure of the Arabic sentence and how the English predicating structure affects that of Arabic.This study is qualitative in nature.The data of this study were based on the language of electronic journalism in Jordan as a model.A sample from two popular news agencies in the Jordanian electronic media was chosen.The study reveals that the translation of English auxiliary verbs has influenced the syntactic structure of the Arabic sentence.Particularly,the study indicates that the influence of the English auxiliary verb on Arabic caused the passive form to die out from the actual use of the Arabic language.The study also reveals a change in the predicating structure of the Arabic sentence.Moreover,the study shows a change in the deictic indication of some of the demonstratives used in Arabic sentence structures.
基金This study is sponsored by the Project of Research Planning Foundation on Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China(Number:15YJA740018)and China Scholarship Council(CSC).
文摘This paper discusses the structure and hierarchy of sentence-endings in Tibetan language. Tibetan sentence-endings are hierarchical. They can be divided into two levels from the perspectives of structure, distribution and expressive function. The first level comes after the predicate or verb phrase, indicating the category of tense/aspect/mood(TAM). The second level, which follows a self-sufficient sentence, mainly expresses the meaning of the speaker’s hint, inference, evaluation and attitude to the information. Each level includes several different types of endings, which act on different syntactic categories or manifest different degrees of subjectivity. The lower the degree of correlation between the endings and the information of the self-sufficient sentence is, the higher the corresponding semantic category and the speaker’s subjective participation are. Some lower-level endings can also express the grammatical meaning of the higher level in certain context with increasing subjectivity.
基金USST 2022 Excellent Postgraduate Case Database Construction Project“MTI(English)Graduation Thesis Teaching Excellent Case Database”First-Class Curriculum Construction Program of USST“English Interpreting Ability Training”(YLKC202204)The Eleventh China Foreign Language Education Fund Project“On the Blended Teaching Model of Interpretation Course With the Synergistic Development of Interpretation Ability and Critical Thinking Ability”(ZGWYJYJJ11A071).
文摘Run-on sentences are used frequently in daily life and literature;however,there is no corresponding sentence pattern in English.Therefore,it is challenging for translators to render run-on sentences into idiomatic English.This paper introduces the definition,classification,and the translation of run-on sentences,aiming to summarize the common rules of its translation.
文摘N＋N nominal sentence is an important structure type of nominal sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Attributive-center, combination, apposition and subject-predicate are its main structure types. In main literary genres, the distribution of N＋N nominal sentence shows a certain trend of dominant hierarchy： poem﹥drama﹥novel﹥prose. No matter what kind of literary genres, attributive-center structure is the type with maximum quantity, while appositive structure is the type with minimum quantity. Statistical result indicates that most of N＋N nominal sentence is nominal and its use is limited by genres. Function of N＋N nominal sentence is textual. When it comes to discourse, it can be used as theme, rheme and dual identity of theme and rheme based on the theory of Theme-Rheme （T-R） structure pattern. It does not only construct the information structure to deliver textual information, but also its a vital means of discourse cohesion and coherence.
