Maxillofacial Surgery Education: Where Is It Heading?

Oral and maxillofacial surgery have a long history dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians. Since then, surgeons have treated craniofacial trauma and alveolodental fractures. In 1846, Hullihen performed a mandibular body osteotomy to correct prognathism, marking a significant milestone in the field. Over time, the specialty has evolved significantly. The field of craniofacial surgery has undergone several phases, including its involvement in conflicts during world wars and the treatment of craniofacial fractures and discrepancies. The process of learning and teaching specialties has evolved differently in various countries throughout the 20th century. Currently, there is no uniformity in the training and registration of specialized professionals, resulting in distinct scenarios. Considering the accessibility of scientific knowledge through technology and globalization, it is crucial to provide an objective overview of the current state of education in the field. This paper focuses on effective professional training as the primary subject of residency courses in this specialty. A proposal is presented for education, emphasizing the significance of providing quality professional training that is tailored to the specific legislation of each country.

Teaching Practice of Integrating Labor Education into Specialized Courses:A Case Study of Plant Cultivation and Maintenance

Vocational colleges attach great importance to labor education.Specialized courses are an effective way to cultivate students labor quality,and the integration of labor education in specialized courses plays an important role in the overall cultivation of students moral quality and practical ability.Combined with the teaching practice of landscape technology specialty,labor education is integrated into the teaching of Plant Cultivation and Maintenance,and certain results have been achieved.In this paper,the course content"grafting propagation"was analyzed from the aspects of overall teaching design,teaching implementation process,teaching effect and reflection improvement,so as to provide reference for other contents of this major or other majors to carry out integrated teaching.

Research on the Status Quo and High-Quality Development of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education in China

Faced with unprecedented changes in the world,China has chosen to continue expanding its opening-up and actively cooperate with other countries.Internationalization of education is one of the important directions for the future development of universities.Since the reform and opening-up,a series of Sino-foreign cooperative education policies have been successively released,forming a relatively systematic and complete policy system.Under the promotion of policies,Chinese universities actively engage in Sino-foreign cooperative education,with increasingly frequent educational exchanges and a clear trend towards internationalization.The scale of Sino-foreign cooperative education is also constantly expanding.It is worthy to explore how to draw on advanced teaching experience from overseas,continue to promote Sino-foreign cooperative education,and improve the quality of Sino-foreign cooperative education.

Person-Dependent Handwriting Verification for Special Education Using DeepLearning

Individuals with special needs learn more slowly than their peers and they need repetitions to be permanent.However,in crowded classrooms,it is dif-ficult for a teacher to deal with each student individually.This problem can be overcome by using supportive education applications.However,the majority of such applications are not designed for special education and therefore they are not efficient as expected.Special education students differ from their peers in terms of their development,characteristics,and educational qualifications.The handwriting skills of individuals with special needs are lower than their peers.This makes the task of Handwriting Recognition(HWR)more difficult.To over-come this problem,we propose a new personalized handwriting verification sys-tem that validates digits from the handwriting of special education students.The system uses a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)created and trained from scratch.The data set used is obtained by collecting the handwriting of the students with the help of a tablet.A special education center is visited and the handwrittenfigures of the students are collected under the supervision of special education tea-chers.The system is designed as a person-dependent system as every student has their writing style.Overall,the system achieves promising results,reaching a recognition accuracy of about 94%.Overall,the system can verify special educa-tion students’handwriting digits with high accuracy and is ready to integrate with a mobile application that is designed to teach digits to special education students.

“Special Education”一词在美国诞生的历史溯源

“Special Education”一词的确切起源是在20世纪初,诞生于美国全国教育协会内部,正值聋人教育领域口语教学法支持者与处于垄断地位的手语教学法聋教育者之间抗争博弈之时。亚历山大·贝尔及口语法支持者对“特殊教育”成为教育一个领域的概念构思起到积极的推动作用,他们将当时处于分散独立的聋、盲、弱智三类教育统一成“特殊教育”的单一身份,并赋予这个“新”领域一个完全独立于任何特定专业领域的独特焦点,从而使“特殊教育”在美国教育体系中得到真正发展。

Development of Standard Examination System of Special Course for Remote Education

Standard examination is an effective approach to promote the teaching quality of modern education. On terms of the analysis of main target, function and constitution of special course examination system for remote education, the internet scheme of the examination system is given according to the students and teachers' requirements. The implementation method for the communication and dynamic production of tests on home page of the exam system are elaborated by using programming technology of Active Server Pages (ASP)3.0. The query of exam information and automatic marking of test questions can be easily realized by the developed exam system under World Wide Web enviromment according to users' requirements.

Pre-colonoscopy special guidance and education on intestinal cleaning and examination in older adult patients with constipation

BACKGROUND The prevalence of constipation in the Chinese population over 60 years of age is 11.5%, and this prevalence increases with age, which seriously affects the quality of life in older adults. Therefore, reducing the incidence of constipation in older adults is necessary to promote a healthy lifestyle as well as biochemical health.AIM To explore the value of preoperative guidance and education to improve the effects of bowel cleaning in older adult patients undergoing colonoscopy.METHODS In this study, 160 older adult patients with constipation requiring colonoscopy at Shandong Provincial Hospital between January 2019 and March 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a study group and a control group, with 80patients in each group. The study group received medication guidance and targeted educational guidance before the operation, while the control group received only medication and dietary guidance. The baseline data, colonoscopy duration, bowel preparation compliance, Boston bowel preparation(BBPS)assessment score, intestinal bubble score, the incidence of adverse reactions during bowel preparation, and nursing appointment satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The colonoscopy duration times and intestinal bubble scores of the study group were shorter than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences. The BBPS scores for the right, left, and interrupted colon in the study group were also higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Additionally, the study group had a higher rate of liquid diet one day before the examination, higher rate of correct bowel-clearing agent dilution method, higher rate of accurate time of ingesting the bowel-clearing agent, and a higher proportion of patients ingesting bowelclearing agent at the specified time than the control group, with statistically significant differences.The incidence of nausea and vomiting during bowel clearance in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The incidence of abdominal pain, abdominal distension,dizziness, and fatigue was compared between the two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The scores of service attitude, detailed notification of dietary precautions, clear and easy-to-understand health educational content, and receiving care and comfort in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group.CONCLUSION Preoperative special guidance and education were shown to significantly improve bowel clearance and compliance and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in older adult patients with constipation undergoing colonoscopy. These factors are beneficial for improving patient satisfaction with nursing services.

Clinical benefits of rational-emotive stress management therapy for job burnout and dysfunctional distress of special education teachers

It has been observed that managing job burnout and dysfunctional distress constitute part of the major challenges among special educators,and that empirical data on the management of burnout and dysfunctional distress associated with the job of special education teachers are lacking in the literature.The current article discusses the clinical benefits of a rational-emotive stressmanagement therapy program in reducing the level of job burnout symptoms and dysfunctional distress in special education teachers,using evidence from a 2018 clinical trial study that reported the efficacy of this intervention.Results show the clinical benefits and implications of conducting a rational-emotive stress management intervention,and recommendations are made for future research.

Special Education Needs of Language Minority Students

Special Education is instruction designed for Students who require some degree of modification in their educational programs because of intellectual,emotional,sensory,or physical impairments.Language minority students with disabilities are those students whose impairment adversely affects their ability to benefit from new changing living environments and a regular educational program.

Rational thinkings on the universities’ “special group” students’ physical education curriculum design

To conduct this study, the literatures, questionnaires, interviews and other methods were used, the analysis of the present situation and health status of the students’ physical education in universities “special group”, and the nature of the course and teaching modes of thinking were also done in order to provide references to improve sports education in colleges and universities.

Importance of Early Intervention and Special Educational Support for High School Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate problems relating to education, past situations and treatments in high school students with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to discuss appropriate considerations. Methods: Participants were 6 students who were diagnosed with ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Results: In total, 6 cases of high-school students with ADHD showed dominantly inattention features. They had notably not been diagnosed with ADHD or received appropriate special support education until they were of high-school age, although they had clearly shown characteristic features of the disorder from childhood. As a result, they had decreased motivation to study and showed indolence, and suffered from low self-esteem. Conclusion: This case report suggests that early diagnosis of ADHD and early intervention with special support education are of great importance. To support these students, better educational and medical support systems are warranted.

Practice of Integrating Specialized Courses into Ideological/Political Education——Taking “Solid Luminescent Materials” as an Example

At present,the education of specialized courses in science and engineering still focuses on imparting specialized knowledge,which seriously lacks the embodiment of educating students.Taking the specialized course“Solid Luminescent Materials”as an example,the new mode of ideological/political teaching is integrated into the specialized course,giving full play to the role of the main position of the specialized class,so as to realize the aim of teaching specialized knowledge in cooperation with educating students and imperceptibly influencing the ideological/political teaching.In this paper,the design of ideological/political knowledge points and the integration of ideological/political cases are carried out from the aspects of teaching concepts,teaching contents and teaching cases.By adhering to the cooperation between moral and financial classroom and specialized education,the educational function of university specialized courses can be effectively brought into play,which is expected to guide students to enhance their awareness of energy conservation,environmental protection,innovation and patriotism.

The Investigation of Executive Condition of Minority Regions＇ Special Education Policies： The Case of Du＇an Autonomous County

The unbalance development of education is a widespread problem around the world, and the most outstanding of it is the lag of the education development of minority regions. For the sake of developing the education of minority regions, the government adopted a lot of policies and measures, enacting special education policies is the important matter among them. The paper tries to take Du＇an autonomous county, Guangxi autonomous region as a case to explore the problems in the executive condition of minority regions＇ special education policies, and gives the suggestion for the government to accelerate the education development of minority regions.

The constructivist educational effectiveness of TM-aided specialized translation

This article evaluated the constructivist pedagogical effectiveness of a TM-aided specialized translation project tested on 16 undergraduates at a technological university using student reflections and the questionnaire for qualitative analysis. The results showed that TMs-students-instructor interaction facilitated the learning of specialized translation strategies, meeting the constructivist educational principle of ＂interaction＂. In addition, students effectively constructed new translation knowledge through the negotiation of the differences between student and professional translators＇ translations, concurring with the constructivist educational principle of ＂conflict resolution＂. Finally, students successfully learned technical skills of the Trados tool through hands-on practice, and cognitively acquired specialized translation knowledge through reflections writing and oral presentations, fitting the constructivist educational principle of ＂active participation＂. Overall, most students＇ positive responses justified the constructive educational effectiveness of TM-aided specialized translation through TMs consultation, peer help and the instructor support in the self-paced and student-centered learning environment.

Special Educational Needs: Do We Know How to Educate?

This article reports the results is aimed at analyzing the evolution of the political discourse in Chile on Special Educational Needs,and also analyzes the relationship of speech with major public policy initiatives in terms of legislation,fiscal budget and direct action of the executive.You can see that they allow identifying important changes in the use of the main concepts,emphasis,and discussions associated with the promotion of inclusive education.Furthermore,there is a growing interest in the topic of diversity,both nationally and internationally,which is expressed in increasingly specific public policy initiatives to promote inclusive education.However,gaps and gaps persist between political discourse and policy initiatives,as well as between the approach of public policies in Chile and the state of the art of international discussion on the matter.

Exploring Factors toward Pursuing a Career in Special Education

This study explored factors influencing an individual’s decision to pursue a career in special education.21 graduate students in the Southeast who were enrolled in a master’s degree program in special education participated in a survey.The survey consisted of nine questions that allowed the participants to provide information about(a)their background,(b)factors which contributed toward pursuing a career in special education,and(c)recommendations for university teacher preparation programs to effectively recruit more special education teachers.The results were summarized quantitatively.The majority of the participants were pursuing special education certification as a second career.Although their backgrounds varied,they all reported having prior experiences with individuals with disabilities which influenced their decision.In addition,the most frequently stated that recommendation for university teacher preparation programs to recruit special educators was to provide more exposure and experiences with individuals with disabilities.Overall,the results highlighted the importance of experiences with individuals with disabilities in influencing one’s decision to pursue a career in special education.

School Support Services Model for Students With Disabilities in General Education Classrooms： Using Data From the Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study in Taiwan

The purposes of this study were to establish a school support service model for students with disabilities in general classroom, and to explore the current status of school support services provided for students with disabilities in preschools, primary, and junior high schools. Therefore, this study used data from the Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study in Taiwan, collected in the 2007-2008 academic year. There were 2,924 students with disabilities selected in the study who were placed in general classrooms; 855 were in preschool, 1,079 were in primary school and 990 were in junior high school. The questionnaires in the database were answered by their teachers. The results of this study are listed, as follows： In terms of the school support service model for students with disabilities in the three stages of education, adjustment in teaching accounts for 1-15% of the explanatory power regarding the overall model, while support services account for 63-85%, which peak in junior high schools. Secondly, itinerant teachers are found to be the most important human resource in preschools. For primary and junior high schools, parents and special education teachers are the more prevalent influences. The more common school support services are tuition refunds, itinerant services, adjustments in examinations, and scholarships.

Exploration and Practice of“Four Integration and Four Innovation”Specialized and Creative Integration Talent Cultivation Mode:Taking Chongqing Energy Vocational College as an Example

With the release of China Education Modernization 2035,education modernization has become a national strategic goal.In this context,Chongqing Energy Vocational College is actively exploring the“four integration and four innovation”specialized and creative integration talent cultivation mode,aiming at cultivating high-quality talents with innovative spirit and practical skills.This paper analyzes the status quo and challenges of talent cultivation in higher vocational education,puts forward the main practices of innovation-driven,creation and research,cross-border integration,and innovative practice,and has achieved remarkable results.Additionally,it summarizes the experience revelation and provides a reference for other higher vocational colleges and universities.

On Speciality Structure for Musical Education in Colleges

In general, the overall goals for musical education in colleges include but are not limited to, to make the students become talents with ability to adapt specialized requirements by state, capacity to perform with artistic doctrines, capability to solve problems in teaching and research, ability to adapt to reform in musical education at schools, and ability to promote music in society.Based on examination of history of musical education, and reference by contemporary authors, this paper intends to elaborate basic speciality structure for musical education students by approaches of analysis, deduction and induction and so on and so forth. The paper mainly focus on the necessity, importance, practical nature and relevance. Particular attention has been paid to model called ＂speciality plus versatility＂ based on advice from students, schools and society as well.