Diverse foraging strategies of breeding Swinhoe's Storm-petrel in the productive marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific

Understanding the foraging behavior is essential for investigating seabird ecology and conservation,as well as monitoring the well-being of the marine environment.Breeding seabirds adopt diverse foraging strategies to maximize energy gains and cope with the intensified challenges of parenting and self-maintenance.Such tradeoff may stem from the heterogeneity of food resources and the constraints of central place foraging.Nevertheless,abundant marine productivity could alleviate the energy limitation for seabirds,resulting in a consistent foraging approach.Here,we investigated the foraging strategy during the breeding season of a cryptic small-sized seabird,Swinhoe’s Storm-petrel(Hydrobates monorhis),in the Yellow Sea,a productive marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific.Using GPS tracking,we evaluated habitat preference,quantified the foraging strategy,and tested if environmental conditions and individual traits influence foraging trips.We found that Swinhoe’s Storm-petrels preferred nearshore areas with shallow water and engaged in primarily short foraging trips.Distinctive southeastward and southwestward strategies emerged when combining trip metrics,including foraging direction,duration,and maximum distance.The bathymetry,proximity to the coastline,and sea surface temperature differed in two foraging strategies.Foraging strategies exhibited flexibility between individuals,potentially explained by wing morphology,in which longer-winged birds are more likely to embark on longer-distance foraging trips.These findings highlight the impact of environmental factors and individual traits on seabirds’foraging decisions in productive marginal sea ecosystems.Our study also provides valuable insights into the foraging ecology of this Asian endemic storm-petrel.

Lithium nitrate regulated carbonate electrolytes for practical Li-metal batteries: Mechanisms, principles and strategies

Li-metal batteries(LMBs)regain research prominence owing to the ever-increasing high-energy requirements.Commercially available carbonate electrolytes exhibit unfavourable parasitic reactions with Limetal anode(LMA),leading to the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and the breed of Li dendrites/dead Li.Significantly,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3)),an excellent film-forming additive,proves crucial to construct a robust Li_(3)N/Li_(2)O/Li_(x)NO_(y)-rich SEI after combining with ether-based electrolytes.Thus,the given challenge leads to natural ideas which suggest the incorporation of LiNO_(3) into commercial carbonate for practical LMBs.Regrettably,LiNO_(3) demonstrates limited solubility(~800 ppm)in commercial carbonate electrolytes.Thence,developing stable SEI and dendrite-free LMA with the incorporation of LiNO_(3) into carbonate electrolytes is an efficacious strategy to realize robust LMBs via a scalable and cost-effective route.Therefore,this review unravels the grievances between LMA,LiNO_(3)and carbonate electrolytes,and enables a comprehensive analysis of LMA stabilizing mechanism with LiNO_(3),dissolution principle of LiNO_(3) in carbonate electrolytes,and LiNO_(3) introduction strategies.This review converges attention on a point that the LiNO_(3)-introduction into commercial carbonate electrolytes is an imperious choice to realize practical LMBs with commercial 4 V layered cathode.

How to improve machine learning models for lithofacies identification by practical and novel ensemble strategy and principles

Typically, relationship between well logs and lithofacies is complex, which leads to low accuracy of lithofacies identification. Machine learning (ML) methods are often applied to identify lithofacies using logs labelled by rock cores. However, these methods have accuracy limits to some extent. To further improve their accuracies, practical and novel ensemble learning strategy and principles are proposed in this work, which allows geologists not familiar with ML to establish a good ML lithofacies identification model and help geologists familiar with ML further improve accuracy of lithofacies identification. The ensemble learning strategy combines ML methods as sub-classifiers to generate a comprehensive lithofacies identification model, which aims to reduce the variance errors in prediction. Each sub-classifier is trained by randomly sampled labelled data with random features. The novelty of this work lies in the ensemble principles making sub-classifiers just overfitting by algorithm parameter setting and sub-dataset sampling. The principles can help reduce the bias errors in the prediction. Two issues are discussed, videlicet (1) whether only a relatively simple single-classifier method can be as sub-classifiers and how to select proper ML methods as sub-classifiers;(2) whether different kinds of ML methods can be combined as sub-classifiers. If yes, how to determine a proper combination. In order to test the effectiveness of the ensemble strategy and principles for lithofacies identification, different kinds of machine learning algorithms are selected as sub-classifiers, including regular classifiers (LDA, NB, KNN, ID3 tree and CART), kernel method (SVM), and ensemble learning algorithms (RF, AdaBoost, XGBoost and LightGBM). In this work, the experiments used a published dataset of lithofacies from Daniudi gas field (DGF) in Ordes Basin, China. Based on a series of comparisons between ML algorithms and their corresponding ensemble models using the ensemble strategy and principles, conclusions are drawn: (1) not only decision tree but also other single-classifiers and ensemble-learning-classifiers can be used as sub-classifiers of homogeneous ensemble learning and the ensemble can improve the accuracy of the original classifiers;(2) the ensemble principles for the introduced homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble strategy are effective in promoting ML in lithofacies identification;(3) in practice, heterogeneous ensemble is more suitable for building a more powerful lithofacies identification model, though it is complex.

Principles and Translation Strategies to English Numerical Idioms

Numbers are a special kind of language.Numerical idioms refer to the idioms containing numbers.In both Chinese and English languages,numbers have magical uses.They have deep ethic and historical color and show different cultural character istics vividly.This paper tries to discuss the translation strategies to the English numerical idioms,with the aim of narrowing the culture gap between eastern and western countries.

On the English-to-Chinese Translation Principles and Strategies of Prospectus

It probes into the English-to-Chinese translation principles,and elaborates the translation strategies of prospectus.To correctly comprehend and properly translate the prospectus from English to Chinese,the translator should abide by the translation principles and the two main translation strategies will be discussed later.

Development strategies for the sea cucumber industry in China

The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is an important marine aquaculture species in China. After nearly thirty years of development, the production of A. japonicus has become commercially lucrative and successful. In this report, current advances in sea cucumber industry are addressed in terms of the basic biology, culturing methods, and health care bene?ts. Next, the challenges restricting development of the sea cucumber industry are discussed, including weaknesses in the basic biological research, the problem of germplasm degradation, environmental stress caused by global climate change, and food safety problems. Finally, several strategies are presented that might contribute to sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry. These strategies include advances in genome studies, behavioral studies, selective breeding, ecological culture technologies, reforms in food safety management, and the development of health care functions based on contemporary medical practices. Thus, our work provides new insights into how to explore the sustainable development of the sea cucumber industry in the future.

Adaptation strategy for sea level rise in vulnerable areasalong China's coast

It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.

Coastal Planning Strategies for Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study of Mokpo, Korea

Climate change and sea level rise necessitate adaptation strategies for coastal areas. This paper showcases five strategies for sea level rise adaptation: hard protection, soft protection, accommodation, retreat, and attack. This study proposes adaptation measures and a phased development strategy for coastal areas of Mokpo, an old port city on the southwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula that has been expanded by land reclamation. Mokpo presently experiences frequent flooding during high-water and storm events;due to their low elevation and land subsidence, most of the reclaimed areas are susceptible to future inundation via sea level rise. The fundamental adaptation strategies for the impact areas are: hard protection of important infrastructures via multi-tiered terraces;the retreat of coastal developments accompanied by green buffer zones such as wetlands and parks to accommodate temporary inundation;and up-leveling the ground for new development and phased relocation of existing development. Through the case study of Mokpo, the paper emphasizes the importance of resilient planning strategies for urban development, and highlights both the challenges and opportunities for sea level rise adaptation.

OPTIMAL FEED STRATEGY FOR FED-BATCH GLYCEROL FERMENTATION DETERMINED BY MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE

Optimal glucose feed strategy for glycerol fed-batch fermentation was investigated by Pontryagin’s maximum principle to maximize the final glycerol yield. The problem was solved by a nonsingular control approach by selecting the culture volume as the control variable, then the general optimal feed profile was numerically determined.

Preliminary Analysis of Sea Use Planning Strategies in Coastal Cities:A Case Study of Binhai New Area in Tianjin City

Through investigating current sea use in coastal cities of China,and exploring foreign and domestic researches on sea use,this paper took Binhai New Area of Tianjin City for example to analyze major problems of its sea use in ecological security,planar form,land use layout,specialized planning,management and regulatory mechanism,then proposed strategies from 4 perspectives,namely ecological conservation and restoration,optimization of planning planar form,optimization of planning land use layout,and planning management,in order to provide references and instructions for the sea use planning of Chinese coastal cities.

Study on the Strategy of Sea and Land Complex National Sea Rights-the Case of France

A land-sea composite state is a state based on land,close to the continental margin,with a long coastline and a certain degree of influence.In the development of sea-land complex countries,there are respective situations and strategic dilemmas in sea rights.Sea rights are closely linked to national destiny,and after years of development,experience and lessons are both present.France is a representative land and sea composite state.Its thought on sea rights has profound historical value and has made unique contributions to the development of global sea rights theory.Therefore,this paper takes the development of France’s sea power as a blueprint and studies the development of France’s sea power on land and sea composite countries,discusses the rise and fall of France’s sea power,and provides reference for China’s sea power strategy research.

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间血管外科急症救治的“SEAS”原则及策略

血管外科急症临床常见、病情凶险、死亡率高,在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防控期间的救治难度和风险增加。目前鲜见血管外科急诊手术相关原则和策略报道。本文结合血管外科疾病本身急诊和病变特点,以及疫情期间本中心诊疗体会,提出“SEAS”原则及策略,即遵循安全(safe)、有效(effective)的原则,采取避免或减少(avoidance)、简捷(simple)的策略,可在有效防控COVID-19疫情的同时,及时、安全、有效地开展血管外科急症救治。

A review of science–policy interface for water governance in the Caspian Sea

Science and policy have been interlinked for decades and perform essential nexus conditions in the governing aspects of environmental scenarios.This review paper examines the present challenges in the science–policy interface in terms of water governance in the Caspian Sea and identifies effective conditions that may be used in the current context to enhance the mechanism.The evaluation of the science–policy link in the water policy of the Caspian Sea reveals a gap between knowledge producer and governance system,impeding the translation of scientific information into action.Complicated and context-dependent solutions make it challenging to establish effective science–policy processes in the Caspian Sea water governance settings.Establishing a common governing authority,implementing water and resource management regulations,and protecting the natural environment through legal frameworks are crucial steps to address these concerns and ensure sustainable development.Collaboration among coastal states is essential in environmental,economic,and social aspects of regional development.However,the lack of a comprehensive approach,coherent activities,and effective utilization of national and regional power has hindered efforts to halt the environmental degradation of the Caspian Sea.Local governments need to recognize their responsibility to protect and utilize the Caspian Sea for present and future generations,considering both environmental and human security.The interlinkage of the Caspian Sea water governance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)water governance principles offers a framework for policymakers to assess gaps and make necessary amendments to existing mechanisms.Effective science–policy interaction,engagement of diverse stakeholders,institutionalizing agreements,and addressing collective action issues are critical for successful water governance.

化工原理课程教学方法改进与优化措施探讨

化工原理课程是化工相关专业的核心课程,由于化工原理讲授的是复杂的工程理论基础,在教学过程中存在课程难度大、理论与实践脱轨、学生学习动力不足等问题。本文针对这些问题结合多样化教学、生活/工程实际和多维度评价等手段,探讨化工原理课程教学改进与优化的方法,培养学生学习积极性,提高教学效果。

破解海岸带环境司法困境:基于陆海统筹原则

我国海岸带环境案件存在管辖权冲突、法律适用有争议、原告资格不明确、诉讼性质认定有争鸣、诉讼程序衔接未确定、司法执行机制不完善等环环相扣的问题,造成海岸带环境司法困境。究其根源,主要在于陆海“二分法”的分类思维影响较大,其与陆海统筹合为表里的内涵尚未得到全面、深入的理解。为破解海岸带环境司法困境,既要重视海岸带环境案件的特殊性,将其确立为类型化案件并由海事法院专门管辖,又要贯彻陆海统筹原则,实现司法规则内在融贯、法治环节协调一致。

文化基因视域下区域农产品品牌视觉形象设计

随着国家对乡村振兴事业的进一步扶持,区域农产品品牌化已成为必然趋势。针对现阶段区域农产品品牌视觉形象良莠不齐、同质化严重的现状,探索文化基因视域下区域农产品品牌视觉形象的设计原则与设计策略,旨在通过地域文化赋能品牌的方式打造差异化定位,为其创意设计及其延展提供源源不断的设计动力;层次分析法的介入可以通过为创意设计提供量化依据,来克服传统方案在择优过程中的绝对主观性,从而减少品牌的试错成本。

“中国海洋强国建设的重要成就与启示”笔谈

自党的十八大报告完整提出中国海洋强国战略以来,通过顶层设计、理论阐释、内涵拓展、布局实践,中国海洋强国建设成就斐然,为构建海洋命运共同体作出了重大贡献。但中国的海洋强国战略实施依然面临多种问题和挑战,需要不断增强主体自觉、理论自洽和文化自信,也需要在海权的发展进程中,结合实际,把握机遇,确保海洋强国战略目标如期实现,还需要消除南海问题对推进海洋强国建设的不利影响,合理处理影响南海问题的内外因素,确保中国海洋强国建设的顺利推进,为我国强国建设作出“海洋贡献”。

工程教育认证背景下“化工原理实验”课程体系优化的思考与探索

工程教育认证是衡量高校工程教育质量的重要标准,也对“化工原理实验”课程体系提出了新的要求和更大的挑战。为促进“化工原理实验”课程教学质量的提升、推动工程教育认证工作的开展,探讨在工程教育认证背景下“化工原理实验”课程的实验内容、教学方法、课程设置和评价机制等方面的优化策略与建议。多项优化策略在某高等院校化学工程与工艺专业实施后,实现了课程体系的不断优化,建立起了完善的实验教学管理机制和质量控制体系,从学生成绩和大赛表现来看取得了良好的成效。

论何休日月时例中的详与略

《公羊》学者何休从详与略的角度对《春秋》的日月时例作了大量的阐发。何休基于二元对立的思维,对日、月、时这三个要素作两两对待,即日、月相对,日为详,月为略;月、时相对,月为详,时为略。何休从日月时的详略轻重出发,阐发蕴含其中的褒贬大义,但何休并没有采取二元对立的思维来阐明褒贬,即并不是详书日月以示褒,略书就意味着贬;其实有很多情况,日月时的详略表明的是褒、贬程度的浅深。也正因为日月时的详略在意义的阐发上具有程度上的深浅轻重等的变化关系,因此能很好地与其三世进化说相结合,从而具有王道进化的意义。而随着三世的演进,王道的逐渐实现,日月时的详略轻重的差异渐趋消弥,从而完成了它的王道进化的使命。