Comparative Studies on Tourist Satisfaction of World Heritage Sites——A Case Study of Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain

Through the questionnaire survey and comparative studies on tourist satisfaction of tourism services among three world heritage sites,i.e.Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain,this study pointed out the problems in tourism services of three scenic areas and then put forward relevant countermeasures for the management of scenic areas.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESORT LIFE CYCLE AND RESIDENTS' PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE——A Case Study of Putuo Mountain

The change in residents′ perception and attitude and resort life cycle are the basic problems in the course of resort evolution. This thesis sets up the dynamic model of residents′perception and attitude, analyzes the linkage between residents′ perception and attitude and the influential factors of resort life cycle, and finally, with a case study of Putuo Mountain, preliminarily discusses the relationship between resort life cycle and residents′perception and attitude. The research findings show that, although within development stage of life cycle, Putuo Mountain has already presented some signs of mature stage. The on-the-spot survey also indicates that, the local residents′ positive perception is stronger than their negative perception. But compared with residents in some other coastal resorts such as Haikou and Sanya, negative perception of residents in Putuo Mountain is more evident, as the result of the smaller tourism carrying capacity in Putuo Mountain. There are some influential factors that have great impact on tourism carrying capacity in Putuo Mountain: tourist-resident number ratio, residents′ benefit-cost ratio and characteristics of tourism resources. And the less influential factors are residents′ demographic character, tourist behavioral character and cultural differences between local residents and tourists. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to adjust the structure of tourism product for the purpose of expanding tourism carrying capacity, lowering its pressure, lessening residents′ environmental cost and enhancing their positive perception, which is the most essential prerequisite for the maturation of life cycle in Putuo Mountain.

Application of the Landsat-5TM Image Data in the Feasibility Study of Mudflow Hazards in the Southern Taihang Mountains

The Taihang Mountains area is an area in North China where serious mudflow hazards take place frequently. The hazards often obstrust traffic and make it difficult to carry out conventional ground investigations of the mudflow hazards. This paper introduces the feasibility study of mudflow hazards by using Landsat-5TM data. The study has achieved a great success through adopting both the faint spectral enhancement technique for mudflow fans (or other depositional areas) and comprehensive study of the environmental background of pregnant mudflows. Thus, remote sensing as a fast, convenient, low-cost and effective technical method can be used to recognise the situation of mudflow hazards so that effective rescue can be provided.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RESIDENTS′ PERCEPTION OF TOURISM IMPACT AT TOURIST PLACES——A Case Study of Xidi, Zhouzhuang and Jiuhua Mountain

Based on the questionnaire investigation, the authors make a comparative study on local residents′ perception of tourism impacts in Xidi, Zhouzhuang and Jiuhua Mountain. The result shows that residents of the three places tend to have strong and consistent perception of its positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts, but distinctly diverse ones of its negative impacts. Residents in Xidi and Zhouzhuang also have noticeable perception of its negative environmental impacts while those in Jiuhua Mountain have weaker perception of them. The research confirms the fact that residents are more liable to have positive perceptions at the early stage of the life cycle of the tourist places. The authors conclude that there exists a nonlinear relationship between residents′ perception and tourism development stages, and that tourism socio-cultural impact may appear at an early stage of tourism development instead of being no universal.

A Case Study on the Occurrence and Mobility of the Shale Oil from the Muli Coalfield,Qilian Mountain

Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.

Gardening and Agricultural Application in Chengde Summer Mountain Resort

Taking Chengde Summer Mountain Resort for example, agricultural development and application in gardening practices in the flourishing ages of Kangxi and Qianlong, and cultural connotations of valuing the fundamental role of agriculture in national economy were analyzed.

A Study on the Counter Measures for Eco-friendly Land Use Model in Mountainous Area——a Case of Qianjiang District of Chongqing Municipality

Accompanying the development of social economy,the land use model of mountainous area,typically eco-weak area,is changing gradually. Here the establishment of eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,will pioneer the model of sustainable development in that area. Concerning Qianjiang District of Chongqing Municipality,huge change of land use model,mainly embodied in the unceasing increase of construction land and gradual decrease of agricultural use land,has taken place in recent years. To explore the eco-friendly land use model in mountainous area,Qianjiang District was chosen as the study object in the present study. Via analyzing the changes in land use model,we found that related eco-environment restrictive factors mainly regional climatic change,soil texture,hydrological environment as well as soil erosion and land degradation,etc. And based on these results,we further analyzed the effect of land use change on eco-environment and the factors restricting the maintenance of eco-environment and regional development,finally put forward the counter measures for balancing land use and co-environment in mountainous area. The results will be important for the development of social economy and eco-system construction in Qianjiang District.

Study on the Method of Setting the Mountain on Fire on the Experimen

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THE CLIMATIC STUDY OF CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN BY INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING INFORMATION AND GEO-CODED IMAGES

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Changbai Mountain is situated between E127°54′-128°08′, N40°58′-42°06′ about 2700 meters above sea level. It is the typical area of the mountainous climate in the monsoon area of the temperate zone on the globe. The well reserved primeval vertical distribution of natural landscape belts and the Natural Conservation of Changbai Mountains adopted by the UNESCO′s MAB Program cause the worldwide attention of geographers. Beside the complexity of the climatic structure itself, the mechanical effection of the high mountain body also effect the climate in the eastern part of China. In the mountain area where short of meteorological observation data, the climatic study by remote sensing is favorable for discovery and representation of climatic law in large area.

The Key Influence of Fluid in the Preserves, Mineral Assemblages, Compositionsand Structures: Study from High-Pressure Eclogite and Its Amphibolization in the Western Dabie Mountains,Central China

Pseudosection modeling for the garnet amphibolite samples from the Western Dabie Mountains show they have experienced similar HP metamorphic evolution with that of the adjected eclogites.The common assemblage of

The Key Influence of Fluid in Metamorphic Rock Preserves, Mineral Assemblages, Compositions and Structures: Study from High-Pressure Eclogite and Its Amphibolization in the Western Dabie Mountains,Central China

The most of high/ultrahigh-pressure(HP/UHP)terranes of the world are characterized by the occurrence of numerous pods,lenses or layered blocks of eclogite and amphibolites(e.g.O’Brien,1997;Elvevold and Gilotti,2000;Zhang et al.,2003;and references there in).Field and petrological features suggest that amphibolites should

Study on Biogas Development in the Qinba Mountain Area in the Background of Developing Ecological Civilization

Biogas is a clean energy source with high value for the comprehensive development and utilization of the Qinba Mountain area.Promoting biogas in the Qinba Mountain area can effectively solve the energy dilemma in the construction of a new socialist countryside.However, the promotion and usage of biogas are faced with economic, technical, and policy obstacles.The government and farmers of the five provinces and one municipality in the Qinba Mountain area have invested time and resources to build household biogas pools and related supporting facilities.Whether these facilities can continue to play a role or not has become the most important issue faced by these farmers.Based on the inputs and outputs of biogas processes in the Qinba Mountain area, we present an analysis of the factors affecting the construction, maintenance, operations, and utilization of biogas in this area, and put forward relevant suggestions for the healthy and sustainable development of household biogas in the Qinba Mountain area.

Winter is coming for ski resorts: Insights from the Apennines (Italy)

Ski resort abandonment is more frequent due to global warming,which progressively reduces snowpack and persistence.However,projects aiming for new resorts in the Apennines have proliferated.Such economic investments are risky,especially without long-term data on snow cover duration.Our aim,thus,is to provide the first census of abandoned ski resorts in the Apennines and compare them with the resorts currently open to understand the causes that led to their abandonment.Subsequently,we explore factors behind resort failure by analyzing the relationships between climatic,geomorphological,and economic variables.Overall,we found 101 ski resorts in the Apennines,of which 28 were open,41 closed and abandoned and 32 partially closed(i.e.,closed in more than at least 7 years in the last 10 years).The closed and partially closed resorts represent 358 km of ski slopes(44%of total available).The number of structures per resort(i.e.ski lifts,chair lifts)is higher for open compared to partially closed and closed ones.Notably,the maximum elevation reached by the resorts is higher for those open(1793 m a.s.l.)than for those partially closed(1687 m a.s.l.)and especially those closed(1577 m a.s.l.).Finally,the mean size of the resorts in terms of skiable track length is larger for open(15.7 km)than partially closed(7.1 km)and closed resorts(3.2 km).The average duration of operation for abandoned resorts is 29.5 years,varying from a maximum of 56 years to a minimum of 0 years for two sites that were never opened after reconstruction.The year of abandonment is positively associated with the maximum elevation,size,and duration of operation.Furthermore,the duration of operation is negatively correlated with the construction year.Our multivariate analysis confirms and strengthens the hypothesis for the causes that lead to abandonment are multi-factorial.Most of the closed resorts are located at low altitude and have small ski areas although some higher altitude sites have also been abandoned in recent years.This information can be useful for investors,policymakers,and stakeholders who should use it as a starting point when designing and planning new resorts to avoid future failures and the loss of public money.

Man-made Obstacles and Solving Countermeasures to Enjoy Beautiful Scenery of the Summer Resort

Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are the world's cultural heritage with a high value of appreciation and research in aesthetics.Man-made obstacles and its causes for enjoying beautiful scenery of the Resort were analyzed from an aesthetic view in this study,and the solving countermeasures were also proposed.

体验认知视角下的汉英“山/mountain”概念隐喻对比

现代认知隐喻理论认为隐喻是一种认知工具,是人类思维的基本方式。隐喻同人类的身体体验紧密相关,同时隐喻体验的背后具有文化特殊性。通过概念隐喻理论,从体验认知的视角,归纳比较出汉英语中"山"和"mountain"的隐喻映射的异同,并讨论了其异同的认知和文化原因。

Assessing the externalities of a ski resort in Tzoumerka:willingness to pay in order to promote or to prevent its construction

The present study aims to assess the externalities of a ski resort,that is planned to be built at Tzoumerka mountains,in Greece.The research relies on the Contingent Valuation method,which indirectly estimates the economic value of environmental and other nonmarket assets,based on the expressed preferences of members of a social group.The investigation was based on primary data.The core idea of questionnaire’s design,is subject to the use of a double WTP(willingness to pay)question,aiming at the monetary assessment of the attitude of the residents,regarding the upcoming infrastructure project,taking into account both its positive and its negative externalities.Depending on the attitude of the survey respondents,they were asked to decide if they wish to offer an amount of money either to promote or to prevent the construction of the ski resort.Parametric and non-parametric models were then applied in order to calculate in economic terms the expressed opinion of the respondents.The primary question to be answered is whether the willingness to build the ski resort holds a higher economic value than the desire to prevent it.According to the results of the survey,the vast majority of residents(92.4%)supported the idea of building the ski resort,projecting their apparent desire for the tourist and economic development of the area.The reinforcement of the construction idea of the project was estimated on average at €378,200.The very low proportion of the participants who disagreed with the project(5%),did not allow the economic assessment of its prevention,leaving room for further research into the application of Contingent Valuation method and its contribution in cost-benefit analysis and decision making,regarding upcoming projects.

Mountaineering incidents in France: analysis of search and rescue interventions on a 10-year period(from 2008 to 2018)

In Europe and especially in France,there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation.In the meantime,the risk of both severe and frequent injuries associated with active pursuits is acknowledged,especially in mountainous areas.The effectiveness of prevention must rely on detailed knowledge of typical circumstances and scenarios but thorough understanding of the mechanisms of accidentality remains limited by the fragmentation of sources and by mostly heterogeneous methodologies.This paper aims at giving insights on victims’profiles,season,location,and circumstances of mountaineering accidents in the French Alps,through the study of rescue interventions data from 2008 to 2018.Thanks to the analysis of the exhaustive database of search and rescue interventions from the French mountain national police force,and while questioning its limitations,we strive to answer two questions:what are the characteristics of the hazardous situations leading to a rescue intervention in mountaineering?Among these situations,what are the characteristics that tend to make them more harmful?

STUDY ON THE VISIBILITY REDUCTION CAUSED BY ATMOSPHERIC HAZE IN GUANGZHOU AREA

Using the non-hydrostatic meso-scale model MM5v3, dense fog that occurred from March 7 to March 8, 2001 over the Mts. Nanling area was studied. With integrated field experiments and observations, the occurrence, development and lift mechanism of fog were analyzed. The results indicate that before the coming of stratiform clouds, southerly warm and wet air ascended along mountainside and cooling condensation formed mountain fog. Then fog was formed by the stratiform on cloud-contacting mountaintop. A front inversion layer accelerated the development and extended the duration of the lower cloud and fog. The intensity, occurrence time, mass content and the variation of temperature and relative humidity of the fog agreed with those of the observation. It showed that the meso-scale model has the potential to forecast mountain fog.

复杂山区铁路安全选线研究

复杂山区铁路具有地质灾害频繁、环境保护要求高、安全风险源多等特点,以瑞金至梅州铁路平远至热柘段局部方案为例开展铁路安全选线研究。针对项目的环境敏感点、不良地质、危险源等因素,从建设安全和工程投资两方面开展安全选线初步研究;从工程地质条件、线路顺直度、工程实施难易程度、建设运营安全性、工程投资等六方面开展安全选线深化研究,优选对线路建设运营无显著安全影响且投资省方案,达到了科学选线的目的,为复杂山区铁路安全选线提供了案例参考。