From landslide characterization to nature reserve management:The“Scialimata Grande di Torre Alfina”landslide Geosite(Central Apennines,Italy)

Italy is characterized by widespread geomorphological instability,among which landslides leave impressive marks on the landscape.Nevertheless,landslide bodies may represent key sites for thematic and educational itineraries,especially in protected areas,where their management becomes an important issue.Our study focuses on the"Monte Rufeno Nature Reserve"(Central Apennines,Italy),where iconic landslides are present.Here,the"Scialimata Grande di Torre Alfina"landslide(SGTA)is listed in the regional Geosite database.This work aims to propose a multiscale procedure for landslide analysis,in terms of both hazard sources but also educational and geoheritage enhancement opportunities in natural reserves.After performing a Landslide Susceptibility conditional Analysis(LSA)for the reserve territory,attention was focused on the SGTA,to define properly its features and morphodynamics.A multi-disciplinary approach was adopted,by applying both remote sensing(UAV structure from motion,Photointerpretation)and field survey(geomorphological and GPS monitoring).From the LSA,based on drainage density,curvature,and slope triggering factors,the road and trail susceptibility maps were derived,as base tools for future risk assessments and trail paths management within the reserve.At the SGTA scale,the monitoring showed a displacement of up to 23 m during the time interval between 2015 and 2018.The landslide dynamics seem to be driven by alternating dry and extremely wet periods;moreover,leaks from the aqueduct in the detachment area and piping effects through clays may have also decreased the substrate cohesion.The SGTA complex influence on the Paglia River valley geometry was also hypothesized,underlining the action of landslide through different spatial scales(on-site and off-site)and on different environment features(sediment connectivity,hydrology).Finally,the SGTA appears highly representative of the geomorphic dynamics within the Nature Reserve(i.e.,scientific value)and it could be classified as an active geosite.Since the site was featured by a tourist trail,adequate management strategies must be adopted,considering the educational value and safety issues.

Potential of Natural Killer Cell Enriched Conditioned Media for Skin Care and Anti-Aging

Natural killer (NK) cell is a type of immune cell and is known to be particularly responsible for innate immunity such as anti-cancer immunity, defense mechanisms against infections, and secretion of various cytokines and chemokines for increasing recruitment of other immune cells. In this study, we investigated the potentials of NK-enriched lymphocytes (NKEL) conditioned media (CM) on skin care for cosmeceutical compositions. Various cytokines of NKEL CM can improve wound healing through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing KLKs (kallikreins) and reduce metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 to inhibit wrinkle formation. Our results suggest that NKEL CM which has various cytokines promotes up-regulation of cell migration and KLKs and down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by stimulating HaCaT keratinocytes migration. Therefore, NKEL CM can be used as a cosmetic composition that can play a role in skin regeneration and anti-aging.

OPTIMAL INTERIOR PARTIAL REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS UNDER THE NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION:THE METHOD OF A-HARMONIC APPROXIMATION

In this article, the authors consider the nonlinear elliptic systems under the natural growth condition. They use a new method introduced by Duzaar and Grotowski, for proving partial regularity for weak solutions, based on a generalization of the technique of harmonic approximation. And directly establish the optimal Holder exponent for the derivative of a weak solution.

Geological conditions of natural gas accumulation and new exploration areas in the Mesoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic of Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on field outcrop investigation,interpretation and analysis of drilling and seismic data,and consulting on a large number of previous research results,the characteristics of ancient marine hydrocarbon source rocks,favorable reservoir facies belts,hydrocarbon migration direction and reservoir-forming law in the Ordos Basin have been studied from the viewpoints of North China Craton breakup and Qilian-Qinling oceanic basin opening and closing.Four main results are obtained:(1)Controlled by deep-water shelf-rift,there are three suites of source rocks in the Ordos Basin and its periphery:Mesoproterozoic,Lower Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician.(2)Controlled by littoral environment,paleo-uplift and platform margin,four types of reservoirs are developed in the area:Mesoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian littoral shallow sea quartz sandstone,Middle-Upper Cambrian–Ordovician weathering crust and dolomitized reservoir,and Ordovician L-shape platform margin reef and beach bodies.(3)Reservoir-forming assemblages vary greatly in the study area,with"upper generation and lower storage"as the main pattern in the platform,followed by"self-generation and self-storage".There are both"upper generation and lower storage"and"self-generation and self-storage"in the platform margin zone.In addition,in the case of communication between deep-large faults and the Changchengian system paleo-rift trough,there may also exist a"lower generation and upper reservoir"combination between the platform and the margin.(4)There are four new exploration fields including Qingyang paleo-uplift pre-Carboniferous weathering crust,L-shape platform margin zone in southwestern margin of the basin,Ordovician subsalt assemblage in central and eastern parts of the basin,and Mesoproterozoic–Cambrian.Among them,pre-Carboniferous weathering crust and L-shape platform margin facies zone are more realistic replacement areas,and Ordovician subsalt assemblage and the Proterozoic-Cambrian have certain potential and are worth exploring.

PARTIAL REGULARITY OF STATIONARY NAVIER-STOKES SYSTEMS UNDER NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION

In this article, we consider the partial regularity of stationary Navier-Stokes system under the natural growth condition. Applying the method of A-harmonic approximation,we obtain some results about the partial regularity and establish the optimal Holder exponent for the derivative of a weak solution on its regular set.

Natural Resource Conditions and Economic Development in the Uttaranchal Himalaya,India

Uttaranchal is bestowed with numerous rivers, huge forest resources ranging from tropical to temperate, tourists＇ places, pilgrimages and feasible climatic conditions for growing fruits, vegetables, food grains, livestock rearing, tea garden practices, etc. The economic development, on the other hand, could not take place partly due to lack of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system and also unwillingness of the people towards using it. Furthermore, due to its harsh climatic conditions, rigorous terrain and distinct identity, as a part of Uttar Pradesh state, the development could not take place and today the state is believed to be one of the poorer states. Infrastructurally, this region is lagged behind due to its inaccessibility. The ideal geographical and agrarian conditions might be used evenly for the developmental processes. Ecologically, the whole region is socio-economic activities, fragile. The diverse harsh traditional beliefs and hard working potentials further change the entire scenario of the state. Only the need of the hours is to frame and implementation of the rational policies and planning for sustainable development of the state. What had appeared during the past, pertaining to the economic development, needs radical changes in policies, planning and beliefs. This paper aims to evaluate the present conditions of resources as a form of natural vegetation, agricultural crops, horticultural farming, herbs, tea garden practices, livestock rearing, hydropower projects and economic development of the Uttaranchal Himalaya.

REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH DINI COEFFICIENTS UNDER NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION FOR THE CASE:1

In this article,we consider interior regularity for weak solutions to nonlinear elliptic systems of divergence type with Dini continuous coefficients under natural growth condition for the case 1〈m〈 2.All estimates in the case of m≥2 is no longer suitable,and we can’t obtain the Caccioppoli’s second inequality by using these techniques developed in the case of m≥2.But the Caccioppoli’s second inequality is the key to use A-harmonic approximation method.Thus,we adopt another technique introduced by Acerbi and Fcsco to overcome the difficulty and we also overcome those difficulties due to Dini condition.And then we apply the A-harmonic approximation method to prove partial regularity of weak solutions.

博士生师生关系满意度现状及其影响因素——基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查和文献分析

在"以学生为中心"的理念下,基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查数据,文章探讨了全球博士生师生关系满意度现状,并运用多元线性回归方法分析了其影响因素。研究结论如下。第一,总体上,全球博士生师生关系满意度水平良好,但中国博士生师生关系满意度水平低于全球平均水平。第二,博士生的个体特征对其满意度的影响显著,男性、在本国学习以及独立程度高的博士生满意度更高。第三,导师的学术指导、培养条件支持及情感支持均对博士生满意度的影响显著;导师提供的学术指导越多、学术能力支持越大、科研控制支持越大、心理健康支持越大、越认同学生的研究,则博士生对师生关系就越满意。第四,导师认可是影响博士生师生关系满意度最为重要的因素。

The challenging conditions China's steel industry has to face and the possible way out

The challenging conditions to China's steel industry currently are:insufficiency of natural resources, namely iron ore and coking coal,overcapacity of existing facilities,overconsumption of energy and heavy impact on global environment.The healthy development of China's steel industry depends on how we could deal with these challenges.

Bifurcation for a Type of Quasilinear Elliptic Equations On R" under the Natural Growth Conditions

The article proved the existence of H1 （R） ∩ L∞ （Rn） at the bifurcation λ= 0 by discussing the following nonlinear eigenvalue:—D-（ij）(aij（x,u）Dju) +1/2aiju（x,u）DiuDju — q（x）|u|σu = λu0≠u∈H1（Rn） ,0【σ【 4/n,n≥3,x∈ RnMeanwhile the article studied the conditions of q（x） under which λ=0 was a bifurcation point for the nonlinear eigenvalue . Here aij are not required to be bounded as u varies.

ON THE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH STRONGLY EIGEN-EXPONENT UNDER NATURAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

Let Ω be a bounded domain with smooth boundary Ω in R~n. We consider the following eigenvalue problem for systems of elliptic equations under the natural growth conditions

EXISTENCE OF NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EIGENVALUE PROBLEM ON R^n WITH NATURAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

In this paper, we get the existence result of the nontrivial weak solution (λ, u) of the following eigenvalue problem with natural growth conditions.

Detecting the presence of natural forests using airborne laser scanning data

Centuries of forest exploitation have caused significant loss of natural forests in Europe,leading to a decline in populations for many species.To prevent further loss in biodiversity,the Norwegian government has set a target of protecting 10%of the forested area.However,recent data from the National Forest Inventory(NFI)reveals that less than 2%of Norway's forested area consists of natural forests.To identify forests with high conservation value,we used vertical and horizontal variables derived from airborne laser scanning(ALS)data,along with NFI plot measurements.Our study aimed to predict the presence of natural forests across three counties in southeastern Norway,using three different definitions:pristine,near-natural,and semi-natural forests.Natural forests are scarce,and their underrepresentation in field reference data can compromise the accuracy of the predictions.To address this,we assessed the potential gain of including additional field data specifically targeting natural forests to achieve a better balance in the dataset.Additionally,we examined the impact of stratifying the data by dominant tree species on the performance of the models.Our results revealed that semi-natural forests were the most accurately predicted,followed by near-natural and pristine forests,with Matthews correlation coefficient values of 0.32,0.24,and 0.17,respectively.Including additional field data did not improve the predictions.However,stratification by species improved the accuracy of predictions for near-natural and semi-natural forests,while reducing accuracy for pristine forests.The use of horizontal variables did not improve the predictions.Our study demonstrates the potential of ALS data in identifying forests with high conservation value.It provides a basis for further research on the use of ALS data for the detection and conservation of natural forests,offering valuable insights to guide future forest preservation efforts.

The Skin Whitening Effect of Co-Cultured Conditioned Medium: Involvement of Synergy between Stem Cells and Immune Cells

Many researchers have described that mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium and immune cells conditioned medium have a clear whitening effect when they are used as cosmetic ingredients. In this study, we confirmed the whitening efficacy of various concentrations of immune cells and stem cell conditioned media. The author tried to study a conditioned medium that has a strong whitening effect even with a composition of less than 20% (the most used concentration in cosmetics). Because of the fact that the conditioned medium contains various cytokines and growth factors secreted by stem cells or immune cells, it is known to have effects such as wound healing, antioxidant, and whitening effect. Recently, stem cells have been used not only in the development of cosmetic raw materials but also in skincare procedures, and there are reports being released of cosmetics using immune cells conditioned medium. The concentration-dependent whitening effect equivalently increased as the concentration of the mono-cultured conditioned medium was obtained through the stem cells or immune cells culture. In the case of co-culture, whitening results are like the effect of positive control such as arbutin in the medium carrying only 10% of the co-cultured conditioned medium. It is possible that enhanced whitening efficiency in co-cultured conditioned medium leads to a major innovation in the global cosmetic market.

Fourth-Order Compact Formulation for the Resolution of Heat Transfer in Natural Convection of Water-Cu Nanofluid in a Square Cavity with a Sinusoidal Boundary Thermal Condition

In the present work, we numerically study the laminar natural convection of a nanofluid confined in a square cavity. The vertical walls are assumed to be insulated, non-conducting, and impermeable to mass transfer. The horizontal walls are differentially heated, and the low is maintained at hot condition (sinusoidal) when the high one is cold. The objective of this work is to develop a new height accurate method for solving heat transfer equations. The new method is a Fourth Order Compact (F.O.C). This work aims to show the interest of the method and understand the effect of the presence of nanofluids in closed square systems on the natural convection mechanism. The numerical simulations are performed for Prandtl number ( ), the Rayleigh numbers varying between and for different volume fractions varies between 0% and 10% for the nanofluid (water + Cu).

Natural conditions and cropping regionalization of rice area in China

The formation of rice distribution is based on certain natural ecological conditions and social economic environments. In China, rice cropping is distributed in a vast area extending across 5 tempera ture belts, the northernmost of rice growing area in the world being in China. Distribution of rice cropping is characterized by a gradual decrease from south to north, from large and concentrated regions in Southeast to small and separated areas in Northwest. Natural conditions in rice regions differ in China with a varied topography, high in the west and low in the east. Rice fields in the west are mostly distributed on flatlands on plains, valleys among mountains, tablelands in river valleys, yellow-soil plains and basins in low valleys, alluvial plains, plains in river valleys, while those in the east are mainly distributed on alluvial plains, hilly areas among low mountains, coastal plains, along rivers and lakes and in basins among mountains.

致密砂岩气运移的临界动力学条件探讨

物理模拟是认识地下油气运移和聚集机理的重要方法和手段,为了更深入地认识深层条件下致密储层天然气运移的机理,以延安气田上古生界山西组致密砂岩气为例,设计了实验模型和边界条件。基于超低渗岩石多相渗流核磁共振在线模拟实验,探讨致密砂岩中天然气运移的临界压力、临界物性动力学条件,进而分析影响天然气运聚的控制因素。选取山西组不同砂岩类型包括石英净砂岩、富石英低塑性颗粒岩屑石英砂岩、富塑性颗粒岩屑砂岩和富凝灰质杂基石英砂岩样品,代表不同孔渗分布区间的岩石相储层,进行了恒定低注入流量、不同流速(流量)和不同压差充注实验。结果表明,致密砂岩储层的临界充注压力主要受岩石相和渗透率控制,渗透率较高的优势岩石相具有更低的临界充注压力,石英净砂岩天然气临界注入压力一般小于1.2 MPa,即使是物性很差的富塑性颗粒岩屑砂岩和富凝灰质杂基石英砂岩的天然气临界注入压力一般也小于1.5 MPa。同时,致密砂岩也没有绝对的天然气充注物性下限,但致密砂岩的充注效率、含气饱和度与储层物性,尤其是渗透率呈正相关,优势岩石相越发育、渗透率越高,充注效率和含气饱和度也越高。

1999—2018年广东省自然灾害灾情时空变化特征及影响因素研究

为科学评估广东省自然灾害灾情时空演化特征,以1999—2018年广东省自然灾害损失基本数据为基础,利用CRITIC权重法构建综合灾情指数模型,同时,利用地理探测器从多因子角度对广东省自然灾害灾情从时间、空间上开展研究,探究其变化规律和影响因素。结果表明:时间上,总体灾情具有指数波动剧烈、大小灾年交替、不同维度线性趋势不一致等特点;空间上,空间分异程度较大,综合灾情指数城市分布为边缘高—中间低的格局,无明显集中趋势。地理探测器中的因子探测分析对灾情大小的影响,极端气象因子起直接作用,地形地表因子起间接作用,基础建设因子起助推作用,防灾减灾因子起缓冲作用;交互探测分析发现,地势起伏度、人均绿地公园面积、经济发达程度在与其他各因子共同作用时对广东省灾情影响作用较大。

准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷及周缘石炭系—二叠系天然气成藏条件及勘探方向

近期,准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷周缘SX16、SX18等井在近源下组合石炭系—二叠系取得了天然气重大发现,认为其具有成为大型天然气区的前景。然而,针对研究区石炭系—二叠系天然气分布规律以及勘探有利区缺少系统的研究,制约了天然气成藏规律的认识和下一步勘探部署。为此,综合地震、测井、岩心、薄片和地球化学分析等多种资料,系统研究了烃源岩、储层、输导体系等天然气成藏条件,建立石炭系—二叠系三大含油层组的成藏模式,并对下一步的勘探方向进行分析。研究表明:(1)风城组和下乌尔禾组是最重要的两套优质烃源岩,厚度为80~200m,埋藏深度大于7000m,演化程度高,Ro大于1.72%,已经达到了规模生气阶段,具备形成大中型气田的气源条件。(2)3套规模储层为天然气高产提供了基础,石炭系以火山岩为主,发育高孔气孔状溢流相火山岩和爆发相火山角砾岩,经风化作用和裂缝改造物性好,最高孔隙度可达20%以上;风城组常规砂砾岩—非常规云质致密砂岩—非常规云质页岩有序分布,孔隙度平均小于8%,但分布面积超2600km^(2);凹陷区上乌尔禾组一段砂体叠置连片,可形成岩性圈闭群;(3)海西期深大断裂体系与不整合面相匹配形成了立体输导体系,有利于下组合天然气大面积成藏;(4)三大含油层系具有不同的成藏模式,石炭系为新生古储、源储大跨度对接成藏模式,风城组为源内非常规与常规并存成藏模式,上乌尔禾组为大型地层—岩性圈闭大面积成藏模式。分析认为,盆1井西凹陷及周缘石炭系—二叠系天然气成藏条件良好,天然气勘探潜力大,鼻隆带靠近烃源岩区一侧的石炭系构造气藏,风城组常规砂砾岩气藏和非常规致密气、页岩气,以及凹陷区上乌尔禾组一段是今后勘探的有利方向。

包含哑变量的大兴安岭天然白桦林碳密度模型

以内蒙古地区牙克石林业管理局的大兴安岭天然白桦林(Betula platyphylla)为研究对象,利用198块样地数据分析天然白桦林林分碳密度与各林分变量之间的关系,建立碳密度预测基础模型,同时将立地条件(草类白桦林、杜鹃-越桔白桦林、榛子白桦林)作为哑变量引入到预测模型中,对不同林型的林分碳密度进行预测,为林业研究中碳密度模型的构建以及森林碳汇工作提供思路和方法。结果表明,天然白桦林林分碳密度基础模型决定系数(R^(2))为0.703,均方根误差(RMSE)为8.615 t/hm^(2),赤池信息量(Akaike information criterion,AIC)为841.206,贝叶斯信息量(Bayesian Information Criterion,BIC)为851.071。引入立地条件哑变量后,R^(2)有所增大,最大达到0.818,RMSE均小于等于8.241 t/hm^(2),说明模型具有较好的稳定性,预估参数较为精确。哑变量模型的AIC均小于等于541.431,BIC均小于等于550.320。哑变量模型能够反映不同立地条件下碳密度的变化,在模型的拟合和检验方面都显示适合于研究地区林分碳密度的预测,为天然白桦林碳密度估算提供参考。