Characteristics of coal resources in China and statistical analysis and preventive measures for coal mine accidents

In the process of green and smart mine construction under the context of carbon neutrality,China's coal safety situation has been continuously improved in recent years.In order to recognize the development of coal production in China and prepare for future monitoring and prevention of safety incidents,this study mainly elaborated on the basic situation of coal resources and national mining accidents over the past five years(2017-2021),from four dimensions(accident level,type,region,and time),and then proposed the preventive measures based on accident statistical laws.The results show that the storage of coal resources has obvious geographic characteristics,mainly concentrated in the Midwest,with coal resources in Shanxi and Shaanxi accounting for about 49.4%.The proportion of coal consumption has dropped from 70.2%to 56%between 2011 and 2021,but still accounts for more than half of the all.Meanwhile,the accident-prone areas are positively correlated with the amount of coal production.Among different levels of coal mine accidents,general accidents had the highest number of accidents and deaths,with 692 accidents and 783 deaths,accounting for 87.6%and 54.64%respectively.The frequency of roof,gas,and transportation accidents is relatively high,and the number of single fatalities caused by gas accidents is the largest,about 4.18.In terms of geographical distribution of accidents,the safety situation in Shanxi Province is the most severe.From the time distribution of coal mine accidents,the accidents mainly occurred in July and August,and rarely occurred in February and December.Finally,the"4+4"safety management model is proposed,combining the statistical results with coal production in China.Based on the existing health and safety management systems,the manage-ments are divided into four sub-categories,and more specific measures are suggested.

Countermeasures and Prevention of Railway Traffic Accidents in the Early Days of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to restore the national economy as soon as possible,the Communist Party of China carried out maintenance and repairs on the railways that caused serious damage to transportation tasks through war-torn smoke,and carried out large-scale railway construction.However,in the course of operation,railway safety accidents occur frequently due to outdated equipment,low quality of staff,lack of rules and regulations,vandalism,and various natural disasters.In the face of severe conditions,the railway authorities summed up the accidents and learned the safety of the railways,so that the railway transportation industry,which started after the founding of the country,was gradually on the right track,and laid a solid foundation for the safe development of the railway industry.

Incident prevention tools-incident investigations and pre-job safety analyses

Careful and thorough incident investigations and pre-job safety analyses completed by knowledgeable and competent individuals can significantly reduce workplace incidents. Working parties must act together to make these safety tools effective. To get the staff units to work together in a co-ordinated manner, they must be shown the value of their work in preventing accidents. Examples of actual accidents investigated during the author's 18 years as a mine inspector in Saskatchewan are discussed within the context of pre-job safety analyses. The causes of the accidents are explored with close reference to how pre-job safety analyses could have prevented their occurrence.

Analysis on Lightning Strike Cause of Directly Buried Optical Cable in Wind Farm and Its Prevention Methods

Directly buried metal optical cable is a form of erecting optical fiber ring network communication system in wind farms. Although the directly buried optical cable is much less than the overhead optical cable affected by lightning, sometimes lightning damaging optical cable and flashover discharge accidents of optical cable port occurred. In this paper, the amplitude spectrum of lightning wave, the breakdown depth and breakdown distance of lightning wave to soil, the metal components of optical cable port and the impedance characteristics of grounding wire are systematically analyzed, and the prevention methods of directly buried optical cable in wind farm to avoid lightning damage are proposed.

Factors and Pattern of Injuries Associated with Road Traffic Accidents in Hilly District of Nepal

Introduction: In 21st century, road traffic accidents (RTA) are considered as increasing epidemic of non-communicable disease which is abandoned and needs special attention to prevent them. The aim of this study was to assess the factors and pattern of injuries associated with road traffic accidents. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 112 RTA victims and 56 drivers in Palpa District of Nepal. The association of factors and pattern of injuries with exposure to accidents was assessed using Fisher’s exact test. Bivariate logistic regression examined the association between driving and socio-demographics factors and exposure to road accidents. Results: Of 112 RTA victims, 50% were in the age group of 21 to 40 years and 71.4% were male. Drivers who were in the age less than or equal to 30 years were more likely (OR: 3.6;95% CI: 1.0, 14.3) to expose to an accident than those who were above 30 years. Similarly, those having driving speed less than 40 km/hr were less likely to expose to an accident than those with speed 40 - 60 km/hr (OR: 6.0;95% CI: 0.8, 73.5) and those with speed more than 60 km/hr (OR 7.8;95% CI: 1.0, 100.1). Moreover, the driving experience was also found positively associated (OR: 5.6;95% CI: 1.1, 35.5) with the exposure to an accident. Conclusion: Being in younger age group, male gender, morning time, the driving speed, driving experiences, and driving hours on the road were positively associated with RTA. The efforts should be made to enforce laws in control of speed targeting experienced drivers and those with younger age groups.

False-negative from screening for COVID-19 at international border post: estimated magnitude

COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease[1], which has already imported to many countries throughout the world. At present, active screening by thermo-scanning on immigrants from high-risk countries for COVID-19 at international border post is generally done by each country as a basic measurement for prevention of the disease. However, due to the possibility of afebrile presentation in COVID-19 cases[2], there is a chance of false-negative of screening. Here, the authors would like to share the observation from Thailand where COVID-19 has become a concerning public health problem. The aim is to determine the chance of false-negative from thermo-scanning for COVID-19 at international border post.

Statistical Data Analyses on Aircraft Accidents in Japan: Occurrences, Causes and Countermeasures

We investigate the major characteristics of the occurrences, causes of and counter measures for aircraft accidents in Japan. We apply statistical data analysis and mathematical modeling techniques to determine the relations among economic growth, aviation demand, the frequency of aircraft/helicopter accidents, the major characteristics of the occurrence intervals of accidents, and the number of fatalities due to accidents. The statistical model analysis suggests that the occurrence intervals of accidents and the number of fatalities can be explained by probability distributions such as the exponential distribution and the negative binomial distribution, respectively. We show that countermeasures for preventing accidents have been developed in every aircraft model, and thus they have contributed to a significant decrease in the number of accidents in the last three decades. We find that the major cause of accidents involving large airplanes has been weather, while accidents involving small airplanes and helicopters are mainly due to the pilot error. We also discover that, with respect to accidents mainly due to pilot error, there is a significant decrease in the number of accidents due to the aging of airplanes, whereas the number of accidents due to weather has barely declined. We further determine that accidents involving small and large airplanes mostly occur during takeoff and landing, whereas those involving helicopters are most likely to happen during flight. In order to decrease the number of accidents, i) enhancing safety and security by further developing technologies for aircraft, airports and air control radars, ii) establishing and improving training methods for crew including pilots, mechanics and traffic controllers, iii) tightening public rules, and iv) strengthening efforts made by individual aviation-related companies are absolutely necessary.

化工园区事故情景耦合演化的复杂网络分析

为进一步研究化工园区事故易因耦合效应引发事故升级等问题,首先,以化工园区储存环节为研究对象,从要素及关系2个角度构建涵盖人因层、物质层、环境层、管理层、组合层及事故层的典型事故情景要素框架体系。然后,基于拓扑理论及相关方法,构建化工园区典型事故情景复杂网络模型,分析复杂网络的统计特征,确定节点的网络贡献度和连接边的脆弱性,探究最大可能的致因路径,并结合事故的演化特征提出断链视角下的应急响应对策。最后,引入案例分析其最大致因路径,并提出相关事故的预防措施。研究结果表明:初期是化工园区事故控制的关键时期,加强员工培训是强化初期处置的重要手段之一,点火源是事故耦合升级的关键因素之一;本文构建的化工园区事故情景演化复杂网络模型具有较好的实用性,案例分析得到的最大致因路径与实际情况基本相符。研究结果可为化工园区的事故防控及演化控制提供一定参考。

1950-2022年中国煤与瓦斯突出事故的时空分布规律

为厘清煤与瓦斯突出事故的发生规律,从时间和空间2个维度,对1950-2022年中国煤与瓦斯突出事故进行统计分析并提出防突措施与建议。研究结果表明:1950-2022年中国煤与瓦斯突出事故的时间分布特征可划分为大幅上升时期(1950-1980年)、持续好转时期(1981-2000年)和稳定下降时期(2001-2022年)。空间分布特征为范围广、较集中、南多北少、南重北轻。煤与瓦斯突出事故发生次数随时间逐渐减少,死亡人数与煤矿事故总死亡人数之比随时间波动上涨。煤与瓦斯突出矿井的空间分布总体呈南多北少的特点。研究结果为中国煤与瓦斯突出事故防治提供参考。

我国民爆物品爆炸事故统计分析及防范对策

为分析我国民爆物品爆炸事故一般性规律与事故原因,对2006—2023年全国民爆物品爆炸事故的发生时间、地区分布、事故等级等维度进行事故统计与分析,使用层次分析法构建了包含人、机、环、制度4个一级指标和安全意识、技术培训、监管力度、安全教育、标准化作业、生产设备、生产工艺、天气气候、仓储条件、安全管理体制、应急管理制度共11个二级指标的层次结构模型,通过分析得到各指标权重进而对爆炸事故影响因素做出重要性排序。研究结果表明:爆炸事故发生次数逐年降低,安全形势转好,时间上集中于每年的第2、3季度,空间上以“南北高低交错”特征分布于各省份,事故等级中一般事故、较大事故占据主导地位;基于层次分析法得知一级指标中人是造成事故的最主要因素,二级指标中标准化作业、生产工艺、监管力度和安全管理体制是比较重要的几项因素,最后针对事故影响因素重要度提出了严格标准化作业、增加安全投入、加强监管力度和完善安全管理体制的预防措施。

扎根理论视角下安全生产责任保险事故预防功能发挥研究

作为安全生产社会治理体系的重要制度设计之一,安全生产责任保险借助社会专业力量防范化解事故风险,是安全生产工作理念实现从“管理”到“治理”的重要推手。为解决现阶段安全生产责任保险推行过程中事故预防功能发挥不显著这一问题,采用扎根理论探究了事故预防技术服务落实不到位的成因机制,包括参与主体内生动力不足、服务覆盖范围不全面、联动协调机制不健全、监管反馈工作未闭环以及规范性文件保障不坚实5个相互关联的主范畴,并通过差异显著性检验验证了主范畴的提炼效果。最后,提出深化宣传、拓宽范围、加强联动、定期评价、严格奖惩与完善标准6项措施建议,旨在推动安全生产责任保险从被动事后赔付向主动风险防控转变。

矿井采煤工作面顶板事故防治策略研究

随着中国采煤工作面深度和开采规模不断扩大,顶板事故不断增多,给矿井生产带来了极大的影响。如何有效防治顶板事故,成为了亟须解决的问题。论述了矿井采煤工作面顶板事故防治的重要性,通过对事故成因的分析,提出了相应的防治策略,通过对比,证实了研究方向的准确性,可以为矿山安全生产提供有益的参考。

基于主次屏障的化工装置事故根因分析及“双预”机制应用

双重预防机制(“双预”)是当前国内危化品领域正在广泛推行的一种风险管控系统,但目前缺乏底层和运行层面的理论架构,更缺乏以根因分析(RCA)结果来指导实施“双预”的方法工具,为此,提出“主-次”屏障理论与事件与原因因素分析(ECF)相结合的可视化主-次屏障(VPSB)模型。ECF作为一种典型的RCA技术,由特定主/次屏障失效模式组成灾害事件的致因路径,为VPSB建模提供可视化框图。应用该模型对英国石油BP公司的Texas爆炸中的典型事故场景进行隐患识别和RCA,获得“双预”相关管理措施的具体失效模式,通过与美国化学品安全委员会(CSB)和英国石油(BP)公司对该事件的调查结果对比,发现CSB和BP公司将人的不安全动作作为直接原因开展深层次的原因分析,将关注点放在了人的管理上,并将根本原因宏观地总结为安全主管失职和操作工违规作业,而VPSB模型则关注的是对重大事故隐患本身和工艺过程的管理,用描述具体的次屏障失效模式来突出管理系统存在的根本性问题,其中,在机械完整性管理上的问题最多,且主要是由于管理措施未被合规执行。这为企业优化“双预”的相关工作内容提供了重点整改方向和可操作性建议。

基于多普勒效应和九零法则的农村道路交通事故预防思路与策略研究

随着国家乡村振兴战略的全面推进与农村地区道路交通出行需求的快速增长,各类交通安全隐患日渐突出,如何有针对性地开展农村地区交通事故的预防工作已成为各级公安交通管理部门亟待解决的问题。根据多普勒效应频率的变化划分出不同的交通事故危险程度,为公安交通管理者提供系统科学的交通安全隐患排查技术和方法,以九零法则为关键策略强化农村基层组织和客运企业的安全主体责任,能够有效减少农村道路交通事故起数和伤亡人数,确保农村地区道路交通安全态势持续稳定向好。

Train post‑derailment behaviours and containment methods:a review

Railway accidents,particularly serious derailments,can lead to catastrophic consequences.Therefore,it is essential to prevent derailment escalation to reduce the likelihood of severe derailments.Train post-derailment behaviours and containment methods play a critical role in preventing derailment escalation and providing passive safety protection and accident prevention in the event of a derailment.However,despite the increasing attention on this field from academia and industry in recent years,there is a lack of systematic exploration and summarization of emerging applications and containment methods in train post-derailment research.For this reason,this paper presents a comprehensive review of existing studies on train post-derailment behaviours,encompassing various topics such as post-derailment contact-impact models,dynamic modelling and simulation techniques,and the primary factors influencing post-derailment behaviours.Significantly,this review introduces and elucidates substitute guidance mechanisms(SGMs),which serve as railway-specific passive safety protection and accident prevention measures.The various types of SGMs are depicted,and their ongoing developments and applications are explored in depth.The review additionally points out several unresolved challenges including the adverse effects of SGMs,and proposes future research directions to advance the theoretical understanding and practical application of train post-derailment behaviours and containment methods.This review seeks to be a valuable reference for railway industry professionals in preventing catastrophic derailment consequences through post-derailment containment methods.

粉尘爆炸事故的模糊综合评估分析与预防策略研究

为深入分析粉尘爆炸事故,探索其复杂多元的原因,采用模糊综合评估方法,对发生在我国2005—2020年间67起粉尘爆炸事故进行统计分析,建立多级模糊评价模型,并引入危险状态和评估状态评价维度,综合评估各种风险因素对粉尘爆炸的影响,选取某铝合金加工车间作为验证案例。研究结果表明:该车间粉尘爆炸风险等级为较危险,且相应的事故隐患排查治理和操作规程规范等管控措施空缺或无效,并提出升级更新通风系统,增大防爆泄压面积,加大事故隐患排查治理力度和增加安全投入等防控措施。研究结果可为粉尘爆炸风险识别和事故有效预防提供新的参考做法和评估工具,对于提高工业安全水平和制定积极的预防策略具有示范作用。

接触网侵限异物检测与挂网异物清除技术综述

随着高速铁路大规模成网运行,接触网分布范围日益扩大,异物挂网引发的安全事故逐渐增多,成为影响高速列车行车安全的重要因素之一。目前,针对接触网侵限异物的检测与挂网异物的清除方法研究颇少,而电力系统输电线路异物检测、清除的研究成果颇丰。详细综述了接触网侵限异物检测技术的原理、方法以及在铁路领域的应用,重点分析了不同方法的适用场景和优缺点。同时,借鉴电力系统领域异物清除技术研究,重点探讨了挂网异物清除技术的原理、特点,以及在接触网清异的可能性及局限性,结合接触网的特点和运维需求,从远距离实时检测、远距离快速清除以及检测清除装置的小型化与轻量化3个方面,探讨了接触网异物检测清除技术未来的发展方向。

新兴能源基础设施安全风险分析与防控体系

“双碳”背景下,随着终端电气化水平和氢能利用占比的逐步提高,新兴能源基础设施呈现爆发性增长趋势,与此同时,安全事故频发,安全问题不断凸显,制约了产业的健康发展。对以储能站、充电站、加氢站、综合能源站等为代表的新兴能源基础设施的主要安全风险要素进行了全面梳理,剖析了当前全环节、全链条安全风险认知、防控、监管方面存在的问题和挑战,并进一步总结了新兴能源基础设施安全风险及防控的共性现状和总体形势。在此基础上,从安全防控技术创新、多利益相关方监管、公共安全保障体系建设等维度提出了安全防控体系性框架和应对措施,为我国新兴能源基础设施的安全防控与保障提供支撑和参考。

新时代下提升火灾事故调查处理效能的思考

为提升新时代下火灾事故调查处理效能,切实发挥火灾事故调查处理改进消防工作、提升火灾防控能力的重要作用,以新时代火灾事故调查处理工作为研究背景,重点阐述了新时代组织火灾事故调查处理工作的重大意义和面临的新形势新要求,指出了当前工作中存在的问题和面临的挑战,并针对性提出了加强和改进的路径方法,旨在切实提升火灾事故调查处理的能力和水平,更好地服务社会建设和经济发展。

半挂液罐车弯道安全车速优化控制

为降低半挂液罐车驶过弯道路段过程中的侧翻事故风险,提出了基于最优控制的半挂液罐车弯道安全车速优化控制方法。该控制方法以侧翻事故防控为优先目标,以高效通行为辅助目标,帮助半挂液罐车在驶向弯道时提前获得无横向失稳隐患的最优车速控制方案,实现“预防式”的车辆主动安全控制。同时为提高控制方案有效性,利用正弦波动方程拟合罐内液体纵向转移过程,结合基于改进准静态法的罐内液体横向偏移规律,构建了具有纵横双维度描述能力的罐内液体晃动模型,提高了最优控制问题成本函数中半挂液罐车横向稳态表征指标的准确性。仿真结果表明:受控半挂液罐车驶过弯道过程中的瞬时横向载荷转移率始终处于[-0.7,0.7]的安全范围内;不同弯道半径下车辆瞬时横向载荷转移率均有下降,且在弯道半径61 m时降幅最大;受控半挂液罐车最大瞬时横向载荷转移率最大降幅达到0.07;车速控制对道路通行效率的负面影响较小。该控制方法帮助半挂液罐车避免侧翻事故,适用于多种不同半径的弯道路段。