The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.Results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy.RT volume(number of sets)influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.

Risk factors for running-related injuries:An umbrella systematic review

Purpose:This umbrella systematic review(SR) of SRs and meta-analysis seeks to comprehensively synthesize existing literature to identify and consolidate the diverse range of risk factors contributing to running-related injuries(RRIs).Methods:Systematic searches were conducted on June 28,2023,across Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,PubMed,and Cochrane Library.We included SRs,whether accompanied by meta-analyses or not,that focused on investigating risk factors for RRIs within observational studies.The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Ⅱ.To assess the extent of overlap across reviews,the corrected covered area metric was calculated.Results:From 1509 records retrieved,13 SRs were included.The degree of overlap between SRs was low(4%),and quality varied from critically low(n=8) to low(n=5).Two hundred seven outcomes assessed in 148 primary studies were identified as being associated with the occurrence of RRIs.The effect sizes of the associations for which risk measures were reported(n=131) were classified as large(n=30,23%),medium(n=38,29%),small(n=48,37%) or no effect(n=15,11%).Running/training characteristics,health and lifestyle factors,along with morphological and biomechanical aspects,exhibit large effect sizes in increasing the risk for RRIs.Conclusion:Drawing from the outcomes of the low-quality SRs and associations with large effect sizes,our findings indicate that running/training characteristics and health and lifestyle factors,as well as morphological and biomechanical aspects,are all implicated in elevating the risk of RRIs,emphasizing the multifactorial basis of injury incidence in running.Given the low quality and heterogeneity of SR,individual findings warrant cautious interpretation.

Assessing the effectiveness of internetbased interventions for mental health outcomes:an umbrella review

Internet-based interventions(IBIs)for behavioural health have been prevalent for over two decades,and a growing proportion of individuals with mental health concerns prefer these emerging digital alternatives.However,the effectiveness and acceptability of IBIs for various mental health disorders continue to be subject to scholarly debate.We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses(MAs),conducting literature searches in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane and Ovid Medline from their inception to 17 January 2023.A total of 87MAs,reporting on 1683 randomised controlled trials and 295589 patients,were included.The results indicated that IBIs had a moderate effect on anxiety disorder(standardised mean difference(SMD)=0.53,95%CI 0.44 to 0.62)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)(SMD=0.63,95%CI 0.38 to 0.89).In contrast,the efficacy on depression(SMD=0.45,95%CI 0.39 to 0.52),addiction(SMD=0.23,95%CI 0.16 to 0.31),suicidal ideation(SMD=0.23,95%CI 0.16 to 0.30),stress(SMD=0.41,95%CI 0.33 to 0.48)and obsessive-compulsive disorder(SMD=0.47,95%CI 0.22 to 0.73)was relatively small.However,no significant effects were observed for personality disorders(SMD=0.07,95%CI-0.13 to 0.26).Our findings suggest a significant association between IBIs and improved mental health outcomes,with particular effectiveness noted in treating anxiety disorders and PTSD.However,it is noteworthy that the effectiveness of IBIs was impacted by high dropout rates during treatment.Furthermore,our results indicated that guided IBIs proved to be more effective than unguided ones,playing a positive role in reducing dropout rates and enhancing patient adherence rates.

The Conflict between Individuals and Society in Seize the Day

This paper explores the existential problem in Seize the Day-the conflict between individuals and society in modern society.With a brief introduction of Saul Bellow and the novel,the paper emphasizes the analysis of the conflict and the sources of the conflict.Besides,Saul Bellow uses many rhetorical devices to intensify the conflict.The analysis of these rhetorical devices is beneficial for us to interpret and understand the true meaning of the novel.Through the study of Bellow’s vision and the novel’s metaphorical meaning,we may find an effective solution to the conflict that our human being is involved in,and realize the social values of this novel.

“社会”与Society的中英语义差别对比分析

翻译过程中,中英文同一组词的语义不对等问题引起语义学者兴趣,而高频互译的“社会”与society这组词在译者与读者视角下语义对等性极强,由此语义差别研究较少且研究空间较大。该文研究该组词的字典释义,对比探究两者的语义不对等性,归纳语义差别背后原因。研究发现,“社会”和society存在语义不对等;“社会”一词包含“社交”和“公共”两大含义,而society一词对应其中“社交”之意,表现出一定的不对等性。

Discussion on“School is Society”and Its Enlightenment to the Construction of University Environment

The principle of“school is society”indicates that controlling the environment is the only educational method.By transforming the school into a microcosm of society,we can cultivate individuals who possess a social spirit and adaptability,preparing them to thrive in real-world social situations.By analyzing the social performance of colleges and universities in terms of their training objectives for society,research concepts for the development of society,and service consciousness for the improvement of society,as well as the current demand for a proper connection with society,it can be found that taking“school is society”as the guiding ideology for the construction of the university environment tends to be simplified,purified,balanced,broadened,and provided with practical space.This will be beneficial to the development of higher education.

Combinations of Transportation Policies to Promote BRT Usage Using Artificial Society Model

Various transportation systems have been developed in recent years.In this study,an artificial society model is developed to examine the combination of transportation policies in urban areas.In this model,each trip maker selects the primary and terminal transportation modes.An artificial society model is applied to the southeastern region of Osaka City,Japan.The effects of introducing BRT(bus rapid transit,primary transportation)and on-demand buses(terminal transportation)are investigated.The results confirm that BRT is used by a certain number of users.An increase in the use of BRT will increase the amount of walking,thus resulting in a healthy city.However,on-demand buses are rarely used as terminal transportation.Additionally,the development of bicycle parking stations near BRT stops is shown to be effective in the northern section of the BRT route.

Hungry and Angry Society: Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Hunger is a physiological need,but the production and consumption of adequate and balanced food is a function of social forces.At every point,social,political,and economic processes intervene,for better or(more common)for worse.Food is one fundamental need of human beings for survival.But in Nigeria there is widespread food shortage and hunger.Development scholars have put forward reasons why poverty,hunger persists in the country,from the platitudes about population growth,inadequate implementation of agricultural policies,and neglect of agriculture,bad leadership,corruption,and the issue of distribution.Nigeria is richly blessed with arable land and citizens eager to unlock its food potentials.Unfortunately,this is far from being realized as the country depends on foreign countries for food,a situation that is tragic and sad.She spends about$10 billion a year importing food and agricultural products,the majority of which are wheat,rice,poultry,fish,and consumer-oriented foods.The pressure on the exchange rate results in devaluation-triggered inflation and food costs that fly up beyond the grasp of people at the bottom of the ladder as it is now is one of the negative repercussions of high food importation bills.Examining the effects of hunger is one of this paper’s key concerns and goals,and anger crisis for achieving sustainable development in the country using the Frustration-Aggression Theory,The Relative Deprivation and Political Economy Approach as guide.

Society 5.0时代日本教育信息化的变革与借鉴

面向Society 5.0时代日本教育信息化的变革深刻反映了时代发展诉求,变革内容包括信息素养培养、编程教育、学校信息化建设、学科学习活动中的信息技术运用等。此次日本教育信息化变革的特点表现为:重视面向Society 5.0时代的信息素养教育;着力推进个性化学习和提升学生的综合素质;迭代升级面向Society 5.0时代的中小学校园信息化环境;并且整个教育信息化建设重视顶层设计和试点研究;重视多部门合作与官民协同。我国教育信息化建设应借鉴日本变革的经验,着重培养面向Society 5.0时代中小学生的必要技能,以形成有别于传统智力观的“人类智能”为指向,从宏观和微观两个层面规划具体的实施路径,同时明确政府职能部门的角色担当,强化协调与督导职能。

“民间”、“民间社会”和CIVIL SOCIETY———CIVIL SOCIETY概念再检讨

试图从一种解释的立场重新考虑中国的“civilsociety”问题 ,据此 ,中国“civilsociety”之出现或者重现将被置于一个有着悠久传统的本土背景之下 ,并被从社会行动者主观的方面来理解。然而 ,这种研究立场的转变并不意味着简单地拒绝考虑和使用“civilsociety”概念 ,毋宁说 ,它要求以更恰当更有效的方式来运用这一概念。学者们已经注意并且区分了“civilsociety”概念的不同用法 ,其中 ,“描述性的”和“规范性的”是两种最基本的区分。不过在本文中 ,“civilsociety”将首先被看成是一种“对照性的”的概念 ,而且除非这一概念的“对照性”用法已被充分地了解和运用 ,否则要在中国语境中恰当地展示其分析性和规范性意义几乎是不可能的。作者强调历史记忆以及在理解和建构社会现实过程中行动者认知和想象的重要性 ,同时也从社会变迁角度指出诸如“民间”这类本土概念的局限性 ,认为“民间”的传统终须被超越 。

近代西方“society”观念的生成

近代西方的"society"观念经历了三次变迁:19世纪以前,"society"是契约社会的代名词,其要义是保护个人权利和自由,要求国家成为专门的职能部门,权力受到制衡和监督,而不再是高高在上的统治者;19世纪上半叶,黑格尔的"civil society"确立了个人—社会—国家框架,指出了社会伦理存在的缺陷,认为社会只是家庭与国家的中介环节,不再是终极的伦理归宿;19世纪下半叶,系统整体的社会观由社会学者确立,"society"具有了跨时空含义。与此同时,社会进化学说确立了西方社会优越性的理论基础,"西方中心论"获得支持,影响深远。

太极图在顶级化学期刊Chemical Society Review中的应用

太极图是中国传统文化的瑰宝,也是中华民族审美文化的源头,受到国人的尊崇。有研究者发现,太极图与数学、物理学等自然科学有着密不可分的联系。从自然辩证法的角度看,太极图与化学也有相通之处。故太极图也出现在了某些化学类期刊论文中,用于更直观更艺术地表现化学类论文的主旨思想及化学类期刊的风采。虽然太极图起源于我国并成为我国最优秀传统文化的凝聚,但相对于国内化学期刊,国外化学类期刊似乎更加偏爱太极图,尤其在封面和图形摘要的设计方面,比如国外顶级化学类期刊Chemical Society Review,尤其钟爱太极图,仅2016年出版的24期期刊,在封面和图形摘要中就出现了11次太极图的相关模型。文章着重讨论一下该刊频繁采用太极图的原因及相关设计思路,以期为国内化学期刊的出版提供借鉴。

“Original Affluent Society”翻译刍议——兼与丘延亮先生商榷

萨林斯提出的"Original Affluent Society"是一个非常重要的经济人类学概念。从人类学对狩猎采集社会认识与表述的演变过程来看,"original society"不应译为具有一定文化价值标准的"原初社会",而应译成较为中性的"初民社会"。就经济状况而言,狩猎采集社会在本质上不是"丰裕社会",而是物产相对丰富、目标和欲求非常有限的"富饶社会"。因此,"Original Affluent Society"译成"初民富饶社会"比译为"原初丰裕社会"妥当。

社会(society)还是社会性(the social)?——社会学学科的再定位

用研究对象来进行学科界定,是社会学的传统做法。这种方法存在诸多问题:宏观与微观的二难;学科史书写中"社会"的强势;以及将社会学理解为研究"社会"所带来的学科边界的模糊性。更值得注意的是,"社会"本身在许多社会学家那里遭到了挑战。这些问题引发了对社会学学科定位的重新思考。社会学区别于其他学科的根本之处就在于它独特的方法论——社会性地看待问题。比起从研究对象出发,从研究方法来界定社会学更具有可取之处。这种对社会学的再界定,必然要求用"社会性"(the social)替代"社会"(society),并将之作为社会学的核心概念。

建设健康社会的催化剂:健康社会工作者与全科医生在基层的合作

以“健康中国”战略为导向,从优势互补专业知识、共同连接医院社区、拓展研究社会健康三个方面去探讨健康社会工作者与全科医生在基层卫生环境中的合作价值,尤其在完善公共卫生应急体系和构建医联体上,健康社会工作者与全科医生的合作可以发挥必不可少的作用,能有效推动健康社会的建设进程。同时文章也指明了目前健康社会工作面临的主要挑战,并提出相应的对策。

Female Struggle in Patriarchal Society-Comparative Interpretation of Gimmal and Crumbs of Agalloch Eaglewood-the First Incense Burner

Zhang Ailin created so many various kinds of female charaters in her novels;females who own distinct characters and identities just have similar fates and struggles.This paper tries to probe into the similar fates and struggles of two heroines with different identities in the same social background by analysing the novel Gimmal and Crumbs of Agalloch Eaglewood-the First Incense Burner from perspective of feminism.

Examining the Relations between Language and Society through a Small Window

Language and society are so closely intertwined.From the sociolinguistic perspective,language not only has denotation functions,but also has a function of signaling the speakers' social and personal backgrounds.Personal names,as a kind of language use,although vary from country to country and from times to times,they still signal something about people's social identities.Chinese names have very rich connotation.Chinese naming system is a mirror of Chinese society and culture,and personal names have revealed a lot of time features.This study is to examine the change in the choice of words for Chinese given names during the time period of 1940s to the current from the sociolinguistic perspective.It focuses to explore the relations between the change of language use in personal names and the change of society,as well as on the influence of social ideology on the choice of Chinese given names.

Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) diagnosis and treatment guidelines for head and neck cancer 2018 (English version)

Contents1. Principles of diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer2. Diagnosis principles of head and neck cancer2.1 Image diagnosis2.2 Pathological diagnosis2.3 Staging3. Treatment principles of early and locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma3.1 Treatment of oral cancer3.1.1 Treatment of early oral cancer3.1.2 Treatment of locally advanced oral cancer.

Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) diagnosis and treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer 2018(English version)

Contents1. General guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer2. Diagnostic principles for colorectal cancer2.1 Colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic healthy population2.2 Basic diagnostic principles2.2.1 Colorectal cancer diagnosis2.2.2 Appendix on colorectal cancer imaging staging and diagnosis2.3 Principles of pathological diagnosis2.4 Staging.

The Development of Chinese Traditional Culture and Its Society

社会与文化是同步发展的。19世纪著名的人类学家泰勒给文化做出了一个最早期的定义：文化包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及作为一个社会成员的人所习得的其他一切能力和习惯。根据这样的解释，我们可以多少认为文化就是人们的所想和所做。文化同样也可以看作为人们行为的结果。可以肯定的是世上很少有两个完全相同的个体，但毋庸置疑，社会当中的人也有一定的共性，因为他们的文化有一种主要的特征来影响着他们。在过去的2000年里，儒家思想是中国传统文化的主要特征。中国人都受到了儒家思想得影响。