冬季亚洲两种大气环流型对云南低温事件的影响

利用1961—2022年云南125个国家气象站冬季逐日平均气温观测资料、NCAR/NCEP大气环流再分析资料,分析了冬季亚洲环流变化的主要类型及其对云南低温事件的影响,发现冬季亚洲500hPa大气环流存在纬向型和经向型两种环流类型,并对云南低温事件产生明显不同的影响。纬向型环流时,冷空气从贝加尔湖直接南下,主要影响东亚东部,云南低温事件也主要发生在东部地区,此时的低温过程与乌拉尔山高压和西伯利亚高压加强、欧亚中高纬度波列的活动密切联系;而经向型时,冷空气伴随贝加尔湖地区的异常反气旋东侧偏北气流沿着东亚大陆东部沿岸南下,并在中低纬度地区以回流的形式向东南推进,活动位置偏南偏西,使得云南全省、青藏高原和东南亚低纬度地区气温偏低,此时的低温过程主要与副热带波列的活动和青藏高原海平面气压(Surface level Pressure,SLP)的正距平加强有关,与乌拉尔山和西伯利亚地区的高压加强关系不密切。

2023年麦收期河南省连阴雨的气候特征和可能成因

2023年麦收期河南省出现了罕见的连阴雨天气,降水和阴雨日数异常偏多,分别为自1961年以来的历史第五位和第二位。分析连阴雨的可能气候成因,主要结论如下:(1)造成连阴雨的环流形势为欧亚中高纬度西高东低,乌拉尔山高压脊持续发展并出现阶段性阻塞,东北冷涡活跃,冷空气能持续南下,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)偏北、偏强且异常偏西,来自副高西北侧边缘的暖湿气流和冷空气在河南省交汇。(2)副高偏强、偏北、偏西是由偏强、偏北、偏大、偏东的南亚高压和偏强、偏北的东亚副热带西风急流(以下简称西风急流)的引导所致,而东南亚对流层中高层的暖中心偏大、偏北和偏东且呈东西向带状分布,使南亚高压形成了上述的特征。暖中心和东北冷涡的共同作用,使东亚中高层的气温梯度增大,进而加强了西风急流。(3)2023年前期的La Ni1a事件有利于麦收期副高偏北,但不利于副高偏强和明显偏西。麦收期由于台风扰动由泰国湾至菲律宾群岛以东的热带西太平洋对流活跃释放的凝结潜热较多,以及麦收期前期的春季和麦收期伊朗高原至青藏高原的地面感热和潜热较强,使暖中心形成了上述的特征,进而决定了南亚高压和副高的特征。(4)2023年麦收期北大西洋海温偏高,以及北大西洋三极子为负位相,导致了乌拉尔山高压脊持续发展并出现阶段性阻塞,麦收期前期的春季和麦收期伏尔加河至贝加尔湖西北侧地面感热和潜热偏强,而下游贝加尔湖东南侧至鄂霍次克海地面感热和潜热偏弱一定程度上导致上述两区域分别出现了大范围的位势高度正距平和负距平。

Rossby波3波—4波通量异常下传与中国东部冬季寒潮的联系

利用ERA5再分析资料,对2000—2020年受Rossby波3波—4波反射影响的8个中国东部寒潮个例进行合成分析,探讨了3波—4波异常的物理过程及其在该类寒潮降温事件中的作用。结果表明,乌拉尔高压多与纬向3波—4波异常活跃有关。寒潮发生前,平流层极涡呈3波结构,中高平流层(500~600 K)极涡向亚欧大陆偏移,其北边界达到欧洲北部,在亚欧大陆的高纬度出现异常东风,有利于Rossby波作用通量的异常下传;低平流层(450 K)极涡向亚洲东部延伸。3波—4波作用通量在西欧地区异常上传,在东欧地区异常下传,在对流层顶附近形成波反射。该反射能够加强乌拉尔高压,有利于中国寒潮的发生。以200 hPa涡动热量通量在西欧和东欧上空的差异,建立区域波反射指数。该指数与中国东部3波—4波反射型寒潮降温相关性较好,在最低气温出现前一周左右,指数达到峰值,可以为中国寒潮预报预警提供参考。

近40年中国冬季寒潮的气候特征及大气环流异常

利用1980—2023年高分辨率中国气象站观测数据,根据寒潮标准及强度指数,对中国寒潮事件的强度及影响区域进行客观分类,探讨全国性、区域性寒潮事件的时空变化特征和环流演变。结果表明:近40年我国冬季寒潮频次呈显著减少趋势,其影响范围扩大,而强寒潮的强度呈显著增加趋势,且年际变化幅度明显增大。中国寒潮冷空气主要来源于新地岛东南地区,路径因寒潮类型而异。分析全国型、东北华北型和西北华北型寒潮前期和同期大气环流异常特征发现:格陵兰岛的异常深厚暖高压是全国型寒潮的重要前兆,欧亚大陆对流层中高层纬向波列是其爆发的显著特征;东北华北型寒潮与冷涡在中低纬度异常高压系统阻挡下的东移有关;西北华北型寒潮与东欧平原上空暖性高压脊的发展及欧亚大陆两脊一槽的形势密切相关。所有类型寒潮爆发前均有乌拉尔阻塞高压的维持和西伯利亚地区冷空气的堆积。

新农村自建房质量安全管理对策研究

以新农村自建房为研究对象,运用系统分析和管理理论,从政策、技术、管理等多个角度进行深入研究,探索一种有效的新农村自建房质量安全管理对策。通过研究优化新农村自建房的质量安全管理对策,提高自建房的建设质量和安全性,解决管理混乱的问题,提高农民的生活质量,对推动新农村建设的进程具有参考意义。

Interdecadal changes in the western Siberian summer mean and extreme rainfall during 1982-2021

本文研究发现,西西伯利亚夏季降水在1995年后显著增加,2012年后又有所减少,极端降水日数和强度呈现一致的变化特征.伴随这两次降水的年代际增加/减少,西西伯利亚上空出现异常气旋/反气旋和水汽幅合/幅散.极端降水发生时的区域环流特征在三个时段基本一致:西西伯利亚低空出现气旋性异常,高空为西北-东南向的异常气旋-反气旋偶极子型.1995-2011年期间,极端降水日数更多,强度更强,上述异常环流型也更强.

Interdecadal changes in the frequency of winter extreme cold events in North China during 1989–2021

全球变暖背景下,极端天气气候事件的变化受到关注.本文研究发现, 1989-2021年期间,华北地区极端冷日数在2003和2013年发生了年代际变化.极端冷日数先增加后减少. 2003-2012年,西伯利亚-乌拉尔高压偏强,极地西风急流偏弱,有利于冷空气南下入侵华北地区,华北极端冷日数偏多.而在1989-2002年和2013-2021年,情况相反.虽然三个时段华北极端冷日的强度没有显著差异,但与其相联系的冷空气强度变得更强, 2013-2021年冷空气中心区域往西北扩张到了贝加尔湖以西地区.

第一次世界大战时期乌拉尔地区的华工研究(一)

一战时期远赴乌拉尔地区的华工群体档案和文献资料反映了旅乌拉尔华工的社会状况、发起罢工运动及参与俄国无产阶级革命情况。乌拉尔是一个工业相对发达的地区,一战期间,工业产量急速下滑的乌拉尔地方政府因缺员问题多次致函帝俄中央提请同意引进黄种工人,近万名华工应募抵达乌拉尔。但难以消融的文化和语言壁垒使其受到了工矿企业管理者、中外承包商和当地居民的公开歧视和不平等对待,各方矛盾与日俱增,直接导致华工后来的政治倾向。

陕西夏季旱涝与欧亚大气环流异常的关系

陕西处于青藏高原边坡地带,南北狭长,气候类型多样,地形复杂,生态条件脆弱,旱涝是夏季的主要气象灾害,因此分析其旱涝的成因对该地区防灾减灾具有重要意义。利用陕西78个气象站1961—2018年夏季(6—8月)降水资料、NCEP/NCAR高度场和风场再分析资料、西太平洋副高指数资料,通过相关、合成、多元回归分析方法,研究了陕西夏季旱涝与大气环流异常的关系。结果表明,500 hPa上乌拉尔山阻塞高压和西太平洋副高是影响陕西夏季旱涝的关键因素,当乌拉尔山阻高和西太副高偏强时,陕西夏季降水偏多,反之偏少。200 hPa西风急流位置与陕西夏季降水关系密切,急流偏南时陕西夏季降水偏多,反之偏少。西太平洋副高偏强、偏西时,陕西夏季降水偏多,反之偏少,副高脊线位置主要影响陕西夏季雨带的南北移动。

新现实主义视野下沙尔古诺夫小说《乌拉!》中的作者形象研究

新现实主义在当代俄罗斯自由多元的文化语境中应运而生,旨在恢复传统现实主义诗学观念中的批判精神和意义追求。这一文学运动既借鉴了现实主义创作的原则,也融合了包括后现代主义在内的各种先锋技巧,形成了一种综合性的文学态势。谢尔盖·沙尔古诺夫是俄罗斯新现实主义文学的杰出代表,其中篇小说《乌拉!》展现了新现实主义的创作理念和美学特色。小说采用自传式叙事,讲述人和主人公的“我”与作者本人的形象高度重合,使得对小说中作者形象的研究具有实质性的意义。本文利用维诺格拉多夫的“作者形象”理论,分析《乌拉!》中不同语层的修辞特点,旨在揭示作者独特的艺术风格,并深化读者对俄罗斯新现实主义小说的理解与鉴赏。

吉林省农村金融助力乡村振兴研究

当前的经济发展背景下,乡村振兴战略作为推动区域经济平衡发展的重要举措,受到广泛关注。其中,农村金融作为乡村振兴的关键支撑,其发展水平直接影响乡村经济的稳健增长与可持续发展。吉林省由于其独特的地理和经济特点,农村金融在促进区域经济发展和农民生活改善中扮演着至关重要的角色。然而,由于受限于金融服务覆盖率、产品创新、风险管理等因素,吉林省农村金融在推动乡村振兴方面面临着诸多挑战。基于此,文章通过建立理论模型并进行实证分析,深入探究金融包容性、农村信贷可及性、可持续发展以及区域经济发展等理论对吉林省农村金融在乡村振兴中的作用,以期为乡村振兴的相关性研究提供一定的参考价值。

The Maintenance of the Blocking over the Ural Mountains during the Second Meiyu Period in the Summer of 1998

The 1998 summer-time floods at the Yangtze River basin of China, the severest in last 50 years or so, directly resulted from the abnormal extension of Meiyu (rainy season), which was related to a weak East Asian summer monsoon and persistent anomalies of extratropical circulation. The long persistence of blocking over the Ural Mountains is a conspicuous feature. The physical processes responsible for the prolonged maintenance of this key system are investigated in terms of internal forcing (transient eddy upon basic flow) and external forcing (tropical heating forcing) via diagnosis and numerical experiments in the paper. Using the adjoint method, the location and structure of optimal perturbations favorable for the development and maintenance of Ural blocking are identified, which shows an apparent coincidence with the observed storm track at the eastern Atlantic to Europe sector. The diagnosis of E-vector and the response of baroclinic stationary wave to transient forcing both suggest further that the enhanced transient eddy activity favors the occurrence and maintenance of positive anomalies. The upper-level jet and heat sources (sinks) during that period are calculated, and the results indicate that the anomaly of upper jet and tropical heating is evident. The ensemble forecasting experiments by a GCM, IAP T42L9 show that the anomalous heating over the tropics, especially over the central-western Pacific and Atlantic, favors the formation of positive anomalies of height at the Ural region. Finally, a self-sustain mechanism of positive anomalies through two-way interaction between planetary stationary wave and transient eddy under the stimulation of anomalous tropical heating is proposed.

Numerical Study of Ural Blocking High＇s Effect Upon Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and East China Flood and Drought

In terms of Kuo-Qian pesigma incorporated coordinate five-level primitive equation spheric band (70°N-30°S)model with the Ural high's effect introduced into it as initial and boundary conditions, study is made of the high's influence on Asian summer monsoon circulation and dryness / wetness of eastern China based on case contrast andcontrol experiments. Rusults show that as an excitation source, the blocking high produces a SE-NW stationarywavetrain with its upper-air atnicyclonic divergent circulation oust over a lower-level trough zone) precisely over themiddle to lower reaches of the Changjiang River, enhancing East Asian westerly jet, a situation that contributes toPerturbation growth, causing an additional secondary meridional circulation at the jet entrance, which intensifies theupdraft in the monsoon area. As such, the high's presence and its excited steady wavetrain represent the large-scalekey factors and acting mechanisms for the rainstorm over the Changjiang-Huaihe River catchment in the easternpart of the land.

Biostratigraphy versus isotope geochronology: Testing the Urals island arc model

Formation of the Urals volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits is considered to be related with the intra-oceanic stage of island arc(s) development in the Upper Ordoviciane Middle Devonian based on the biostratigraphic record of ore-hosting sedimentary rocks. However, the direct Re-Os dating of four known VHMS systems in the Urals gives significantly younger Re-Os isochron ages ranging from355 ± 15 Ma up to 366 ± 2 Ma. To address this discrepancy, we performed SHRIMP U-Pb dating on zircons extracted from rhyodacites(Eifelian biostratigraphic age of 393 -388 Ma) from the footwall of the Alexandrinka VHMS deposit which has a Re-Os isochron age of sulphides of 355 ± 15 Ma.New ^(206) Pb/^(238) U mean age of 374 ± 3 Ma(MSWD ? 1.4 and probability ? 0.11) is considered to be the crystallisation age of the host volcanic rock. This age is ca. 15 Ma younger than the Eifelian(393 -388 Ma)biostratigraphic age and overlaps the Frasniane Famennian boundary(372 ± 2 Ma), characterised by the final stages of Magnitogorsk Arc e East European continent collision. Such an inconsistency with geochronological age may be due to a reburial of conodonts during resedimentation as a result of erosion of older rocks in younger sedimentary sequences.

Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements(PGE)in chromites from CentralnoyeⅠ,Polar Urals,Russia

The Polar Urals region of northern Russia is well known for large chromium （Cr）-bearing massifs with major chromite orebodies, including the Centralnoye I deposit in the Ray-Iz ultramafic massif of the Ural ophiolite belt. New data on platinum （Pt）-group elements （PGE）, geochemistry and mineralogy of the host dunite shows that the deposit has anomalous iridium （Ir） values. These values indicate the predominance of ruthenium--osmium--iridium （Ru--Os--Ir）-bearing phases among the platinum-group mineral （PGM） assemblage that is typical of mantle-hosted chromite ores. Low Pt values in chromites and increased Pt values in host dunites might reflect the presence of cumulus PGM grains. The most abundant PGM found in the chromite is erlichmanite （up to 15 μm）. Less common are cuproiridsite （up to 5 μm）, irarsite （up to 4--5 μm）, and laurite （up to 4 μm）. The predominant sulfide is heazlewoodite, in intergrowth with Ni--Fe alloys, sporadically with pentlandite, and rarely with pure nickel. Based on the average PGE values and esti- mated Cr-ore resources, the Centralnoye I deposit can be considered as an important resource of PGE.

Simple Metrics for Representing East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability:Urals Blocking and Western Pacific Teleconnection Patterns

Instead of conventional East Asian winter monsoon indices （EAWMIs）, we simply use two large-scale teleconnection patterns to represent long-term variations in the EAWM. First, the Urals blocking pattern index （UBI） is closely related to cold air advection from the high latitudes towards western Siberia, such that it shows an implicit linkage with the Siberian high intensity and the surface air temperature （SAT） variations north of 40°N in the EAWM region. Second, the well-known western Pacific teleconnection index （WPI） is connected with the meridional displacement of the East Asian jet stream and the East Asian trough. This is strongly related to the SAT variations in the coastal area south of 40°N in the EAWM region. The temperature variation in the EAWM region is also represented by the two dominant temperature modes, which are called the northern temperature mode （NTM） and the southern temperature mode （STM）. Compared to 19 existing EAWMIs and other well-known teleconnection patterns, the UBI shows the strongest correlation with the NTM, while the WPI shows an equally strong correlation with the STM as four EAWMIs. The UBI-NTM and WPI-STM relationships are robust when the correlation analysis is repeated by （1） the 31-year running correlation and （2） the 8-year high-pass and low-pass filter. Hence, these results are useful for analyzing the large-scale teleconnections of the EAWM and for evaluating this issue in climate models. Int particular, more studies should focus on the teleconnection patterns over extratropical Eurasia.

乌拉尔阻塞高压的维持发展及其与2020/2021年冬季强寒潮活动的关系

2020年岁末至2021年初前后两次强寒潮侵入我国,引起大范围的强烈而持续的降温。本文对于其相应的环流特点及成因进行了分析研究,主要结论是:(1)从环流形势看,两次寒潮的发展过程,都是属于“横槽转竖”的类型。但是,自2020年的12月中旬至第二次寒潮结束,乌拉尔地区始终维持着宽广的高压脊(阻高),并未出现阻塞崩溃或不连续后退的现象。这与多数东亚地区寒潮爆发时的环流特点有差别。(2)乌拉尔阻塞高压及其脊前北风的加强和维持,使其前侧的斜压性大大加强。下游槽底的等高线日益密集,冷平流也不断发展,增强和向南推进。这些都推动了西伯利亚高压的加强和南扩。(3)在两次寒潮过程发生之前,源自0°E附近的低频静止波能量向东传播,有利于乌拉尔高压脊的维持、加强以及其下游低槽发展,为冷空气的向南爆发提供有利条件。

Conodonts from Lower Silurian Strata of the Subpolar Urals

The distribution of Lower Silurian conodonts from the sections on the Kozhym River was studied first by S.V. Melnikov.After additional studies of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian strata,Oulodus? aff.nathani, Walliserodus cf.curvatus,Panderodus sp.and Ozarkodina sp.were identified by P.M(a|¨)nnik in the Subpolar Urals.Studies of conodonts from the

ROLE OF METASOMATIC PROCESSES IN RUBY-BEARING MARBLES FORMATION OF THE SOUTHERN URAL MOUNTAINS

Ruby-bearing marbles of the Southern Ural Mountains are developed in the metamorphic perimeter of granites-gneisses domes where high grade metamorphic granitization and diaphthoresis have occurred.Geological research into the development and occurrence of ruby-bearing marbles indicate that they formed as a result of repeated transformation.Their substrate consisted of an organogenous marine limestone containing Visean faunal remains.Intensive Mg metasomatism of limestone during early progressive stages of metamorphism resulted in a substrate of dolomite composition containing faunal remains with a calcite composition.Increased temperature and pressure resulted in metamorphism of early Mg metasomatites,turning them into fine-grained marble containing Visean faunal remains.Tensional stresses near the intrusive domes resulted in dedolomitization of early Mg metasomatites,giving rise to light,coarse-grained calcite marbles having polygonal-grained structure.Such carbonaceous marbles became metamorphosed around the perimeter of granite-gneiss massifs.Their rheological properties allowed for plastic flow in these marbles into areas of tectonic neutrality,forming bodies of rheomorphic marbles,sometimes even among marbled limestone.Relict bodies of Mg metasomatites underwent boudinage and rotation.Flow cleavage occurred in axial blocks of inter-dome structures and in their steep walls.Therefore platy jointing(banding,pseudo-lamination)formed in the marbles.Thickness of the plates is from several millimeters to 2-3m.Calcite underwent recrystallization with extension of grain size in the central parts of plates,sometimes amounting to 15-25cm in cross-section.Ruby-bearing marbles consist of Mg-calcite.The rock is coarse-grained,with a panidiomorphic texture.Schistosity is often observed in the plane of cleavage.Mg-calcite marble occurs among and grades into background calcite marbles,which are controlled by cleavage of flowing.It is supposed that the ruby-bearing Mg-calcite marbles bodies are elongated in the direction of dip.Their formation is caused by recrystallization under the action of rising metamorphogenic fluids at high temperatures and higher pressures(amphibolitic and epidote-amphibolitic facies).Ruby-bearing marbles formed at the end of the prograde stage of metamorphism.The early retrograde stage of metamorphism is defined by a new wave of Mg metasomatism and formation of calcite-dolomitic marbles with a poikiloblastic texture from calcite or Mg-calcite marbles.Usually the boundaries of the bodies are clear,planar,and controlled by cleavage.Studies of small bodies have shown that they are elongated in the direction of dip.Usually they contain pink corundum and/or pink spinel;red corundum is replaced by red spinel.Thus the initial marine limestones were transformed into various marbles and completely lost their primary composition and bedding as a result of metamorphism,deformation,and metasomatic transformation.Ruby-spinel mineralization in marbles is controlled by cleavage.

Ectomycorrhiza of Larix sibirica Ledeb. along the gradients of main ecological factors and elevation at the Northern and Subpolar Urals

Siberian larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forests cover the largest areas in the Eurasian boreal zone, but there are insufficient data on its root system including the structure and functional traits of ectomycorrhizas(EM). The aim of this research is to find out if the morphological parameters of Larix sibirica EMs responded to the changes in elevation and main ecological factors(soil humidity, soil richness, soil acidity and habitat illumination). Using light microscopy, we studied EM diameter, root diameter, mantle width, and mantle volume share, share of tannin cells layers, EM density and EM length of Larix sibirica in two main types of plant communities along the elevation gradient at the Northern and Subpolar Urals. Differences in the environment were traced using phytoindication approach and the Ellenberg ecological scales. All the studied traits depend on the elevation and studied ecological factors. The diversity of fungal mantles is low, and the proportion of unstructured and pseudoparenchymatous mantles is high in response to the deterioration of the humidity, soil nitrogen content and acidity at higher-altitude habitats. Results of EM quantitative parameters measurements confirmed this pattern. We found a decline in the EM linear dimensions accompanied by a compensatory growth of the EM density with the raised elevation and the deterioration of environmental conditions.