With the adjustment of urban industrial structure,a large number of ruins have emerged in cities,and the waste materials left by these ruins not only occupy urban space resources,but also seriously damage the ecologic...With the adjustment of urban industrial structure,a large number of ruins have emerged in cities,and the waste materials left by these ruins not only occupy urban space resources,but also seriously damage the ecological environment.How to identify the value of waste materials through landscape thinking and how to rationally reuse these waste materials through landscape methods is the focus of this paper.展开更多
This study was conducted in the Bawku Municipality of the Upper East, Ghana, with the view to assessing the factors that impede the management of solid waste. Questionnaires were submitted to 150 randomly selected hou...This study was conducted in the Bawku Municipality of the Upper East, Ghana, with the view to assessing the factors that impede the management of solid waste. Questionnaires were submitted to 150 randomly selected households, while face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with the municipal Waste Management Department and a private waste management company, Zoomlion Ghana Ltd. Data collected included components of solid waste generated, waste collection, transportation and final disposal methods, the challenges confronting waste management institutions, and respondents' knowledge and perceptions of the waste management system and their attitudes towards it. Components of wastes generated were organic waste, paper waste and plastics. Factors that adversely affected waste collection and transportation systems were the inadequate supply of waste collection containers, the existence of a weak waste transportation system and a low patronage of the door-to-door collection method. The study showed that the municipal landfill did not meet the required standard. The results also revealed the lack of public awareness on issues regarding waste and lack of a participatory approach that makes the people an active stakeholder in the waste management system. This situation accounted for indiscriminate disposals of waste by most respondents who viewed the issue of waste management as the exclusive responsibility of the local government. The study further showed that the waste management institutions were faced with financial difficulties, understaffing and poor logistics and nature of roads, and social constraints. The study therefore suggests the development of a strategic plan for efficient waste management which revolves around these findings.展开更多
The use of Urban Solid Waste (USW) as sources of energy has acquired rising importance in current discussions of alternative energy supplies, in particular in Brazil. This paper brings to these discussions an examinat...The use of Urban Solid Waste (USW) as sources of energy has acquired rising importance in current discussions of alternative energy supplies, in particular in Brazil. This paper brings to these discussions an examination of the concept of solid wastes, including their historic origins and formation, taking their social, economic and cultural characteristics into account, including point view of waste production liturgy. Consequently, a spendthrift society slanted towards the decreasing marginal utility of assets must make efficient use of its USW in order to reduce excessive output. Besides that, this document presents the Brazilian potential of urban solid waste to produce electric power.展开更多
This paper reports a generation and composition analysis of household solid waste in Mexico, using as a reference the characterization study performed in two communities, one urban and one rural. Data obtained are fun...This paper reports a generation and composition analysis of household solid waste in Mexico, using as a reference the characterization study performed in two communities, one urban and one rural. Data obtained are fundamental parameters for the planning of urban solid waste management systems in Mexico, complying this way with the established policy in the National Program for Waste Management and Prevention 2009-2012. The study was carried out during five days and two main parameters were assessed: (1) the daily generation rate per person and (2) the waste composition. The per capita waste generation was 0.958 kg for the urban community and 0.631 kg for the rural. The results showed that the mean composition of waste from both locations was statistically similar (a = 0.05). In both locations the most important contribution was the fraction of food waste. In both locations more than 60% of the waste is potentially recyclable. The results of this study will be used by the municipal waste authorities in order to establish an integrated waste management plan.展开更多
This article has the general objective of estimating the efficiency of urban solid waste management in 940 Brazilian munici-palities through Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)technique and has specific objectives:(i)to es...This article has the general objective of estimating the efficiency of urban solid waste management in 940 Brazilian munici-palities through Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)technique and has specific objectives:(i)to estimate efficiency scores;(ii)to compare the performance between different groups of municipalities;and(ii)to analyze the profile of efficient munici-palities from the perspective of the guidelines of Law 12,305/2010 and socio-economic and environmental indicators.The technique used was DEA with output-oriented and variable scale to return modeling.The results showed higher efficiency scores in the municipalities with populations above 500,000 inhabitants.The score variation ranged from 0.5(municipalities with populations<10,000 inhabitants)to 0.9(municipalities with more than 500,000 inhabitants).Of the sample set,only 12.34%of the municipalities were considered efficient,and when analyzing the efficient group,it was found that adherence to legislation was not a major factor in achieving efficiency.展开更多
文摘With the adjustment of urban industrial structure,a large number of ruins have emerged in cities,and the waste materials left by these ruins not only occupy urban space resources,but also seriously damage the ecological environment.How to identify the value of waste materials through landscape thinking and how to rationally reuse these waste materials through landscape methods is the focus of this paper.
文摘This study was conducted in the Bawku Municipality of the Upper East, Ghana, with the view to assessing the factors that impede the management of solid waste. Questionnaires were submitted to 150 randomly selected households, while face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with the municipal Waste Management Department and a private waste management company, Zoomlion Ghana Ltd. Data collected included components of solid waste generated, waste collection, transportation and final disposal methods, the challenges confronting waste management institutions, and respondents' knowledge and perceptions of the waste management system and their attitudes towards it. Components of wastes generated were organic waste, paper waste and plastics. Factors that adversely affected waste collection and transportation systems were the inadequate supply of waste collection containers, the existence of a weak waste transportation system and a low patronage of the door-to-door collection method. The study showed that the municipal landfill did not meet the required standard. The results also revealed the lack of public awareness on issues regarding waste and lack of a participatory approach that makes the people an active stakeholder in the waste management system. This situation accounted for indiscriminate disposals of waste by most respondents who viewed the issue of waste management as the exclusive responsibility of the local government. The study further showed that the waste management institutions were faced with financial difficulties, understaffing and poor logistics and nature of roads, and social constraints. The study therefore suggests the development of a strategic plan for efficient waste management which revolves around these findings.
文摘The use of Urban Solid Waste (USW) as sources of energy has acquired rising importance in current discussions of alternative energy supplies, in particular in Brazil. This paper brings to these discussions an examination of the concept of solid wastes, including their historic origins and formation, taking their social, economic and cultural characteristics into account, including point view of waste production liturgy. Consequently, a spendthrift society slanted towards the decreasing marginal utility of assets must make efficient use of its USW in order to reduce excessive output. Besides that, this document presents the Brazilian potential of urban solid waste to produce electric power.
文摘This paper reports a generation and composition analysis of household solid waste in Mexico, using as a reference the characterization study performed in two communities, one urban and one rural. Data obtained are fundamental parameters for the planning of urban solid waste management systems in Mexico, complying this way with the established policy in the National Program for Waste Management and Prevention 2009-2012. The study was carried out during five days and two main parameters were assessed: (1) the daily generation rate per person and (2) the waste composition. The per capita waste generation was 0.958 kg for the urban community and 0.631 kg for the rural. The results showed that the mean composition of waste from both locations was statistically similar (a = 0.05). In both locations the most important contribution was the fraction of food waste. In both locations more than 60% of the waste is potentially recyclable. The results of this study will be used by the municipal waste authorities in order to establish an integrated waste management plan.
基金the research unit on Governance,Competitiveness and Public Policy(UIDB/04058/2020+UIDP/04058/2020)funded by national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT)。
文摘This article has the general objective of estimating the efficiency of urban solid waste management in 940 Brazilian munici-palities through Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)technique and has specific objectives:(i)to estimate efficiency scores;(ii)to compare the performance between different groups of municipalities;and(ii)to analyze the profile of efficient munici-palities from the perspective of the guidelines of Law 12,305/2010 and socio-economic and environmental indicators.The technique used was DEA with output-oriented and variable scale to return modeling.The results showed higher efficiency scores in the municipalities with populations above 500,000 inhabitants.The score variation ranged from 0.5(municipalities with populations<10,000 inhabitants)to 0.9(municipalities with more than 500,000 inhabitants).Of the sample set,only 12.34%of the municipalities were considered efficient,and when analyzing the efficient group,it was found that adherence to legislation was not a major factor in achieving efficiency.