Welding technique studies on the “West-East” pipeline project

This paper described the work of welding process design for the ＂ West-East＂ pipeline project, which is high pressure, large diameter and heavy wall thickness. According to the different geographical situation, climate, culture and the flexibility of the welding methods, this work recommended the semi-automatic process at the east and middle sections and automatic process at the west section of the pipeline project. The manual process is recommended on the tie-in joints and repairs. The double joint pipe and the 3 joint pipe are recommended at the water net place and some in-ditch welding place to reduce the welding volume. Also the special redesigned bevels are recommended for the automatic process and the semiautomatic process. Through all destructive tests, the results shows the welds are meet the requirements of related standards, specifications and design documents.

Assessment of the Physical Capabilities of Heart Failure Patients before and after Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A Study of 125 Patients from West Africa, Dakar, Senegal

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation represents a critical therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from chronic heart failure. The physical capacity of patients with heart failure, assessed using the exercise test and the 6-minute walk test, is the measure of the patient’s overall functional ability to perform physical activities and tolerate exercise loads. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on patients’ physical capabilities and to conduct a thorough comparison of data obtained via exercise testing and the 6-minute walk test before and after the rehabilitation programme. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from 1 February 2021 to 31 June 2022. Included were heart failure patients who had participated in an outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. The collected data included anamnestic, clinical, paraclinical data, and the 6-minute walk test. Informed consent was obtained. Data analysis, word processing, and charting were performed using Microsoft Word 2016, Excel 2013, and Sphinx version 5.1.0.2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 24.0. Any difference less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In a Senegalese study, heart failure patients undergoing rehabilitation in a cardiac unit represented 45.59% of all cases, with a prevalence rate of 3.21%. The average participant was 57.97 years old, with those aged 61 to 70 forming the largest group (35.5%). The study noted a male predominance (sex ratio of 2.1) and identified dyslipidaemia (80.6%) and sedentarism (71%), as prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. All participants initially suffered from NYHA stage 2 or 3 dyspnoea, yet 80.65% showed no symptoms following rehabilitation. Significant improvements were recorded in resting heart rate (from 79 to 67 bpm), and the 6-minute walk test distance (from 328 m to 470 m). Enhanced exercise tolerance and walking test outcomes were particularly notable in patients with LVEF ≥ 50%, women, non-obese individuals, those initially walking less than 300 m, achieving more than 3 METs, and non-smokers. Conclusion: The findings underscore the effectiveness of cardiovascular rehabilitation in improving symptoms, physical capability, and overall quality of life for heart failure patients in Senegal.

Effects of Natural Processes on Sea Level Change along the West African Coastline

Coastal hazards induced by meteo-marine forcing are exacerbated by sea level change along the West African coastline. Changes in sea level are induced by ocean processes such as ocean heat content and river discharge. However, although these processes control largely change in sea level, they remain poorly understood. This study analyzes changes in ocean heat content, river discharge, and sea level and establishes an interconnection between these parameters using several statistical methods over the 1993-2021 period. Results showed a significant correlation between sea level and ocean heat content at 2000 m depth. The yearly minimum value appears in July from Cote d’Ivoire to Benin, whilst this value appears in June in Nigeria. The temporal variability of ocean heat content, river discharge and sea level along the West African coastline exhibits three or four periods interrupted by some breakpoints with unequal duration. The results indicate that the 1993-2000 period was dominated by an increasing ocean heat content along the coastline, while the period after the 2000s exhibits mostly a decreasing trend. Positive and negative trends characterized river discharge and sea level along this coastline. The result of multiple linear regression between sea level, river discharge and ocean heat content is a good approximation of sea level trend along the West African coastline. The results of this study could be used to predict future sea level trends along the coast.

Socioenvironmental Drivers of Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Risk in Agroforestry Parklands of West Atacora in Benin (West Africa)

Throughout the world, climate change is threatening the human population. In West Africa, smallholder farmers in indigenous agricultural societies typically hold considerable knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted in West Atacora of Benin Republic to assess the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of climate change risk. We used a random sampling technique to select 360 households’ heads who were interviewed regarding different climate change risks perception. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of climate change risks. The results showed that the farmers in drier areas had a higher perception of the global risk of climate change than those in humid areas. The same trend was observed for the seven different individual’s climate change risk investigated. The study identified also membership of farm organizations as main sociodemographic characteristic that explains farmers’ perception of climate change risk perception. These findings are helpful tools to sensitize the local people on climate change risk and cope with the risk in agricultural lands.

Use of Topical Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) in Diabetic Septic Foot Disease in Makkah Region, Western of Saudi Arabia, an Exploratory Study

Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (Boulton). Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is the seventh in the world for the prevalence of diabetes (WHO). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be related to high mortality, morbidity accompanied by poor general health and lower quality of life. Current Saudi diabetes patients’ behaviors, practices, and beliefs regarding foot health problems such as ulcers, are not well investigated. Diabetic patients frequently utilize natural remedies and Herbs for self-medication as a part of complementary and alternative Medicine. Aim of study: To explore the widespread use of the alternative remedies in the local communities of the Western Saudi Arabia, the drives behind using and to focus on the potential adverse effects following their usage. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 386 diabetic patients with feet problems in Makkah Region, West of Saudi Arabia during the period April - June 2023. Results: Out of the 531 participants, only 386 participants reported diabetic foot disorder (DFD). Most of the participant were above 65 years of age group (24.61 %). Male (52.08%) more than female (47.92%) in the research group. All of the participants had diabetic foot disorders at least once. The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use among them was 67.88%, as solitary or in combination with hospital medicines. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Acquaintances advice (59.54%) was the most reason for using the alternative medicine. 60.30% of Diabetic foot patient complained of adverse effects during CAM remedies use. Conclusion: Consumption of CAM remedies among diabetic patients for Diabetic Foot Disorder (DFD) is common. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Additional wide-scale research is required to establish their actual efficacy, safety and potential adverse out-comes and to generalize the outcomes.

Isolated Hyperacute T-Waves in West Nile Encephalitis Indicating Atypical Variant of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Several cardiac outcomes have been reported with West Nile-encephalitis;however, the underlying pathophysiology remains complex. We present a 42-year-old female, with multiple sclerosis, whose neurological symptoms and respiratory decline were finally explained by the diagnosis of West Nile-encephalitis. During her admission, the isolated peaked T-waves indicated the underlying stress-induced cardiomyopathy. The absence of all other causes of hyperacute T-waves, their subsequent resolution with the resolution of infection and improvement in wall motion abnormalities, further supported the association. This case highlights the importance of considering hyperacute T-waves in an approach towards the diagnosis of WNV-encephalitis related atypical variant of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.

Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variability of the West African Monsoon

The West African Monsoon (WAM) is characterized by strong decadal and multi-decadal variability and the impacts can be catastrophic for the local populations. One of the factors put forward to explain this variability involves the role of atmospheric dynamics, linked in particular to the Saharan Heat Low (SHL). This article addresses this question by comparing the sets of preindustrial control and historical simulation data from climate models carried out in the framework of the CMIP5 project and observations data over the 20th century. Through multivariate statistical analyses, it was established that decadal modes of ocean variability and decadal variability of Saharan atmospheric dynamics significantly influence decadal variability of monsoon precipitation. These results also suggest the existence of external anthropogenic forcing, which is superimposed on the decadal natural variability inducing an intensification of the signal in the historical simulations compared to preindustrial control simulations. We have also shown that decadal rainfall variability in the Sahel, once the influence of oceanic modes has been eliminated, appears to be driven mainly by the activity of the Arabian Heat Low (AHL) in the central Sahel, and by the structure of the meridional temperature gradient over the inter-tropical Atlantic in the western Sahel.

风能模拟系统WEST在中国风能数值模拟中的应用

利用加拿大风能资源数值模拟系统(WEST)进行中国风能资源的模拟,得到了水平分辨率5km、低空垂直分辨率10 m的中国风能分布图谱。将模拟结果与气象台站观测资料进行了对比分析,结果表明,WEST在中国中东部海拔较低地区的模拟能力较好,平均相对误差<20%,但对于中国西部高原的模拟结果不理想,相对误差达到了60%以上,说明WEST系统对中国西部高原的模拟能力还需提高。应从其大尺度气候背景场分类和中尺度模型大气边界层物理过程参数化方面进行本地化改进,使之能更好地应用于中国风能资源评估工作。

WEST仿真软件在污水处理中的应用研究

介绍了活性污泥系统仿真软件WEST的模型机理及其建模的过程,通过实例分析了WEST软件在无锡城北污水处理厂中模拟应用,结果表明,模拟值能较好地反映污水处理厂实际运行状况,并分析讨论了模拟过程中应注意的几点事项。

31例West综合征临床与脑电图分析

目的:探讨31例W est综合征患儿的临床与脑电图改变。方法:对临床表现符合或疑似W est综合征患儿进行常规脑电图检测,对于未发现癫痫波形或发现疑似癫痫波形的病例进行24 h动态脑电图检测。结果:31例患儿脑电图均为异常:高峰失律(74.20%),变异性高峰失律(6.45%)或其它形式异常脑电图(19.30%)。结论:婴儿痉挛症除典型发作形式和精神运动发育障碍(本组病例78.20%)外,具有特异性脑电图改变(高峰失律)。脑电图是确诊婴儿痉挛症的重要依据。

风能资源数值模拟系统WEST在新疆地区的应用

利用加拿大风能资源数值模拟系统WEST进行新疆风能资源的模拟,得到了水平分辨率5km、低空垂直分辨率10m的新疆风能分布图谱,并将模拟结果与气象台站观测资料进行了对比分析,说明了WEST对于新疆大部分地区的模拟能力较好,但对新疆南部盆地高原边缘地区的模拟能力还需提高。应从其大尺度气候背景场分类和中尺度模型大气边界层物理过程参数化方面进行本地化改进,使之能更好的应用于中国风能资源评估工作。

妥泰对West综合征患儿免疫功能的影响

目的 观察妥泰对 West综合征患儿的免疫功能的调节作用。方法 采用流式细胞术对 West综合征患儿妥泰治疗前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例和血清免疫球蛋白进行检测 ,观察其动态变化 ,并与 2 5例正常婴儿比较。结果 经妥泰治疗后的 T辅助细胞与治疗前比明显下降 ,接近对照组。治疗前后 B细胞与对照组相比明显下降。治疗后 NK细胞与治疗前相比明显上升。治疗前后的 Ig A与对照组比明显下降。治疗后 Ig G与治疗前比明显上升已接近对照组。结论 妥泰可能通过调节免疫功能的作用 ,达到控制 West综合征发作。

脑活素对West综合征智体能的提高作用

West综合征预后的主要问题是智体能迟滞,是以往用抗惊厥药和激素药物所无法解决的难题。本文试用脑活素治疗,并根据治疗前后P300及DQ发生的变化,同时与对照组比较,发现脑活素这一新型脑智能激活剂能显著地提高患儿的认知能力,从而提供了一个用脑组织水解物改善West综合征后遗症的新途径。

基于West模型的房地产泡沫的实证研究——以北京、上海、深圳为例

本文简要回顾了关于房地产泡沫的研究框架,在W est模型的基础上,运用房地产合理价格是租金资本化的原理,对北京、上海和深圳的房地产市场是否存在泡沫作了实证检验。结果表明:北京住宅市场、上海住宅市场以及深圳写字楼市场在样本期内的检验结果拒绝原假设,即市场存在着泡沫现象;北京写字楼市场、上海写字楼市场和深圳住宅市场检验结果为接受原假设,即不能判断市场存在泡沫现象。本文提出了一些政策建议。

WEST软件的仿真设计功能应用研究

介绍了HEMMIS公司开发的污水处理仿真软件WEST的模型机理与其在仿真、设计与优化等方面的功能,并通过实例分析了仿真软件在我国污水处理中的优势与问题。

N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸诱导Wistar乳鼠癫痫发作West综合征动物模型的初步探讨

目的：探讨NMDA诱发Wistar乳鼠惊厥发作的表现及皮质脑电图特点和建立West综合征动物模型的可能性。方法：选用12日龄Wistar乳鼠系统地进行腹腔注射NMDA诱导癫痫发作．对其痫性发作的类型、潜伏期、发病率及行为改变和皮质脑电图变化作以相应记录。结果：12-13日龄的Wistar乳鼠引出甩尾等自动症及前弓反张发作．14-25日龄的Wistar乳鼠只有自动症而没有前弓反张发作。对照组皮质脑电图无明显癫痫性波形发放。仅可见偶发棘波．NMDA处理组则在自动症及惊厥发作期间出现某些特征性改变。对照组及NMDA处理组在组织形态学方面未见明显异常改变。结论：NMDA可以诱导Wistar乳鼠产生一种独特的、年龄依赖性癫痫发作，虽未满足West综合征动物模型的全部标准。但发作表现和脑电图改变与儿童时期West综合征有相似之处。

活血素治疗West综合征试用报告

活血素(vasobral)是α_1/α_2拮抗剂。本文用活血素治疗West综合征,试图通过抑制去甲肾上腺素系统及提高上行激活网状系统的兴奋性,从而控制West综合征患儿的癫痫发作。选取30例West综合征患者,男18例、女12例,年龄为5个月～6岁,平均年龄16.3±12.9月。服用活血素剂量分别是1ml,每日2～3次或2ml,每日2次。结果6例(20％)发作完全停止,其中4例属原因不明型。12例(40％)于短期内有效,但10天后无效。12例(40％)完全无效。虽然这一结果并不令人满意,但对于West综合征的治疗及其发病机理的探讨开辟了新的途径。

Analysis of Gardening Based on the Unique Zonal Water System of Slender West Lake

Yangzhou Slender West Lake is narrow in shape. It is 4.3 km in total length with the width of about 100 m. It is a typical zonal water system. Through the research of its spatial structure, space sequence and view borrowing the garden bridges of Yangzhou Slender West Lake, the unique gardening method of zonal water system was expatiated.

Research on Development Strategy of Tourism Supporting for Poverty Alleviation in West Hubei

West Hubei Circle referred to the eight cities and prefectures which were Xiangfan,Jingzhou,Yichang,Shiyan,Jingmen,Suizhou,Enshi and Shennongjia.The economic and social development in this area was lagging behind,with wide poverty area,large impoverished population,poor natural condition and weak development foundation.Owing to lack of investment sources,the poverty-overcoming cost and poverty-returning rate in this area was high.It was the key area of poverty alleviation of Hubei Province.On the basis of analysis of the features of poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas of West Hubei,with the internal relation between tourism and poverty-alleviation as the reference,the author proposed the conceptualization of linkage development of tourism and poverty-alleviation west Hubei and preliminarily analyzed the feasibility of the linkage development between tourism and poverty-alleviation.The author considered that tourism and poverty-alleviation could mutually complement each other in function.The cultural and ecological tourism resources in West Hubei were abundant and unique,high in resources taste.And tourism was an industry with high return and intensive capital.It could collect capitals,lands,talents and technologies,win a great deal of human,material,capital and information resources in West Hubei,so as the promote the amelioration of the rural infrastructure and living conditions and urban construction.Meanwhile,the basic strategy of poverty-alleviation was put forward,that is,establishing the development mechanism with government as the lead and enterprises as the subjects,the financing mechanism of diversified investments and wide-ranging financing.Besides,with tourism as the trigger,tourism supporting for poverty-alleviation and ecological cultural village would be developed simultaneously,assisted by community participation mechanism,so as to realize mutual benefit and win-win cooperation of tourism and poverty-alleviation.

Study on Environmental Capacity and Sustainable Development Strategy of Scenic Areas ——Taking the Scenic Area of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou for an Example

Taking the scenic area of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou for an example, the quantitative evaluation model of environmental capacity and impact factors limiting sustainable development of scenic area were put forward, and targeted control measures were correspondingly proposed.