Nutritional Value and Planting Techniques of Several Wild Vegetables in Composite

The nutritional components and utilization value of such 6 wild vegetables as Gynura divaricata, Kalimeris indica, Artemisia argyi H. Lev. ＆ Vaniot, Artemisia selengensis, Lysimachia clethroides and Taraxacum mongolicum were introduced, so as to promote the development and utilization of wild vegetable resources. The culture management of these 6 wild vegetables was also introduced, so as to provide reference for culture of wild vegetables.

Nutritional quality and safety aspects of wild vegetables consume in Bangladesh

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition, including major minerals, essential trace elements and toxic heavy metals of five different wild vegetables Dhekishak(Dryopteris filix-mas), Helencha(Enhydra fluctuans), Kalmishak(Ipomoea aquatica),Patshak(Corchorus capsularis) and Shapla stem(Nymphaea stellata) and their safety aspects.Methods: Proximate parameters moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate and energy; major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg; trace elements Fe, Zn and Cu; and toxic heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Hg were evaluated in the selected wild vegetables using the standard food analysis techniques.Results: The results from nutritional analysis showed that all the wild vegetables used in this study had a low content of crude fat and high content of moisture, ash, crude protein,crude fiber, carbohydrate and energy having the recommended dietary allowances. The vegetables were also rich in major minerals Na, K, Ca and Mg, sufficient in essential trace elements Fe, Cu and Zn while the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Ni were detected higher in amount in all the vegetables except Patshak than the limits recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. The heavy metals Cd and Hg were not detected in any vegetable.Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that the wild vegetables have very good nutritional potential to meet the recommended dietary allowances, but special awareness should be taken for public health concern about the high level of Pb, Cr and Ni which exceed the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommended limits for the metals in vegetables.

Assessment of Nutritional Composition of Wild Vegetables Consumed by the People of Lebialem Highlands, South Western Cameroon

Wild vegetables contribute immensely to the culinary basket and livelihoods of rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among the people of Lebialem highlands of south western Cameroon where at least 26 such species are consumed as vegetables. To promote the consumption of these vegetables, the nutritional quality of five preferred species in this area, Amaranthus dubius Mart. Ex Thell., Gnetum africanum Welw., Lomariopsis guineensis (Unerw.) Alston, Pennisetum purpureum Schumach and Vernonia amygdalina Del., was assessed using standard methods. L. guineensis had the highest carbohydrate, protein, calorific value and ash content, and the lowest fat content of 4.05%, very rich in K, Ca and Mg and the amino acids leucine, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine and histidine. The amino acid content was generally higher than 25 mg/100g. Steroids, flavanoids and tannins occurred in moderate to high levels in all five species. Alkaloids and saponins occurred at very low levels, while triterpenes only occurred at very low levels in P. purpureum. The quality of Lomariopsis guineensis, a fern recently reported for the first time as edible is very promising. Pennisetum purpureum, popular as a forage plant, has now been shown to be valuable in the human diet. The study has established the safe and rich nutritional value of these vegetables and that their consumption could combat malnutrition and prevent some of the common nutritionally-related ailments.

Current Situations of Development and Use of Wild Vegetables in Yichun Area and Recommendations

Based on the survey on wild plants in 21 counties( cities) in Yichun Area,89 species of 32 families of wild vegetables were collected. The species,parts,edible parts,distribution and current development and use of wild vegetables in Yichun Area were expounded. Then,existing problems of wild vegetables in Yichun Area were discussed. Finally,pertinent recommendations were put forward.

Quality Analysis of Five Edible Wild Vegetables in Chongqing

[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the quality of several kinds of wild vegetables in Yongchuan District,Chongqing City.[Methods]Five common edible wild herbs,Plantago asiatica,Taraxacum mongolicum,Pteridium aquilinum(L.)Kuhn var.latiusculum(Desv.)Underw.ex Heller,Brasenia schreberi and Houttuynia cordata in Yongchuan District,Chongqing,were tested for nitrate,amino acid,reducing sugar,and vitamin C contents.[Results]The vitamin C content was the highest in B.schreberi,reaching 1056 mg/kg,and the lowest in P.aquilinum var.latiusculum,at only 61 mg/kg.T.mongolicum had the highest reducing sugar(E value)and amino acid contents,at 1.01 and 24.3 mg/kg,respectively,and the values were the lowest in P.asiatica,at 0.15 and 9.1 mg/kg,respectively;and the nitrate contents ranked as H.cordata(2529 mg/kg)﹥B.schreberi(2188 mg/kg)﹥P.aquilinum var.latiusculum(1900 mg/kg)﹥P.asiatica(1097 mg/kg)﹥T.mongolicum(1079 mg/kg),which were at the level of medium to high pollution,but within the scope of the national acceptable daily intake(ADI).The nutritional value of wild vegetables is higher than that of vegetables grown in the field,but some wild vegetables are also toxic,which will have adverse effects on human health.[Conclusions]People need to develop and utilize wild vegetable resources scientifically and rationally according to their own needs.

Wild Edible Plants Used by the Tribes of Panvel and Uran Tahsils in Alibaugh District,India:Ethnobotanical Application and Tribal Recipes

The“Indus-Vedic”cultural heritage of India is well-known.Wild edible plants,sometimes known as weeds,are widely consumed in India’s varied areas.Wild edible plants and weeds are essential for tribes’survival,both as a source of food and as a source of money,such as timber.This study aims to identify wild vegetables collected for ethnomedical purposes and their recipes by the local people,as well as determine the local uses and names of these plants,with the goal of closing the gap in traditional knowledge regarding the utility of wild plant species and tapping the hidden potential resources for proper utilization,exploitation,and nutritive evaluation.A field research study was conducted two years 2020-2021.34 wild vegetable plant specimens were collected during this time.The names of the plants found in the area,as well as the parts that were used and how they were prepared,were examined and recorded.This type of extensive survey technique could assist aspiring scientists in learning about the health advantages of wild food plants and weeds,which can subsequently be combined to generate successful crop plants.Such a system will benefit in the mitigation of food shortages,the regeneration of infertile lands,and the enhancement of rural economies.

<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>in Birds’ Feces: A Public Health Threat to Vegetables and Irrigation Farmers

The rising trend of resistance in Acintobacter baumannii had in recent days become a public health care concern with most literature reported from samples collected from hospital environment. This research therefore, wishes to determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in birds’ droppings, associated with irrigated farms vegetables, for epidemiological update and future clinical forecast. Forty eight birds fecal samples were collected and processed for isolation and identification of A. baumannii on MacConkey agar and Microbact 24E (Oxoid), and tested against 10 commonly used antibiotics (quinolones, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides). A. baumannii was isolated from 31.25% of samples and had shown more resistant to ceporex (100.00%) and to streptomycin with 80.00% and 90.00% for Jakara and Sharada farms’ fecal samples respectively;isolates were however sensitive to co-trimoxazole. Forty eight (46.67%) of the isolates were resistant to at least 6 drugs, with strong correlation between some drugs. By this result, wild birds’ fecal materials demonstrate high potential of A. baumannii carrying capacity and dissemination, and thus pose risk of contaminating vegetables, infecting human and transmitting resistance phenotype to other non-multidrug-resistant bacteria—a situation quite challenging to health care management and public health. And thus it further suggests for screening of additional probable contributing factors, so as to develop possible detailed transmission pathway and control strategies.

Retrospective analysis of two northern California wild-land fires via Landsat five satellite imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

Wild-land fires are a dynamic and destructive force in natural ecosystems. In recent decades, fire disturbances have increased concerns and awareness over significant economic loss and landscape change. The focus of this research was to study two northern California wild-land fires: Butte Humboldt Complex and Butte Lightning Complex of 2008 and assessment of vegetation recovery after the fires via ground based measurements and utilization of Landsat 5 imagery and analysis software to assess landscape change. Multi-temporal and burn severity dynamics and assessment through satellite imagery were used to visually ascertain levels of landscape change, under two temporal scales. Visual interpretation indicated noticeable levels of landscape change and relevant insight into the magnitude and impact of both wild-land fires. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and delta NBR (DNBR) data allowed for quantitative analysis of burn severity levels. DNBR results indicate low severity and low re-growth for Butte Humboldt Complex “burned center” subplots. In contrast, DNBR values for Butte Lightning Complex “burned center” subplots indicated low-moderate burn severity levels.

Crop wild relatives of Kazakhstani Tien Shan:Flora,vegetation,resources

This paper presents the results of the field study on species composition,geographical distribution,phytocoenotic diversity and resources of crop wild relatives(CWR) in Kazakhstan’s ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains.Taxa of not only cultivated genera of crops are taken into account,but also a wider range of species of high socio-economic importance,including medicinal,fodder,essential oil and other species.List of CWR includes 289 species belonging to 39 families and 145 genera.Among them,9 species listed in the Red Data book of Kazakhstan:Pistacia vera,Rheum wittrockii,Armeniaca vulgaris,Malus sieversii,Allium pskemense,Allochrusa gypsophilloides,Sorbus sibirica,Vitis vinifera and Artemisia cina.The highest plant diversity is recorded in intermountain plains and river valleys where meadow vegetation forms a high abundance of forage and resource plants.The diversity of wild fruit plants is concentrated in gallery forests.CWR of cereals are confined to dry steppe slopes in low piedmont belt.The populations of almond,pistachio,plum and cherry were recorded at dry slopes of low mountain belt.The estimation of the raw material base for 13 resource plants is given.Only Rumex tianschanicus,Berberis sphaerocarpa are recommended for industrial harvesting;for local pharmacy chain-Mentha longifolia,Origanum vulgare,O.vulgare subsp.gracile,Ziziphora clinopodioides,Hypericum scabrum,Hypericum perforatum,and five Rosa species.

Consumption of African Indigenous Vegetables Improves Children’s body Fat Free Mass in Machakos County, Kenya

School gardens growing African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables(AILVs)(Amaranthus cruentus and Vigna unguiculata)were established in Kangundo and Kilalani primary schools in Machakos County,Kenya and children aged 6-10 years(Kangundo,N=66,Kilalani,N=46)that met the inclusion criteria participated as study subjects.There were two phases,I(13 weeks)and II(12 weeks)with 4 weeks in between to enable crossover of the school as either experimental or control.AILVs were grown in gardens of the experimental school.Study subjects in the experimental group were fed on the AILVs recipe with an accompaniment of a mixture of cooked maize and beans once a day,5 days a week per phase.The control group fed only on the accompaniment.Body Mass Index(BMI)was determined and a prescribed dose of deuterium oxide was administered and deuterium enrichment determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry for%Fat Free Mass(FFM)in children’s saliva at baseline and endline.Serum Zn and Fe levels were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at baseline and endline.Endline analysis in both phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed the%FFM,mean serum Fe and Zn were significantly higher(p<0.001)only for the experimental group.Food-based intervention through vegetable garden establishments has potential to eradicate malnutrition among school-going children in Kenya.Further,finding by previous studies that DDIM is more accurate in determining nutrition intervention outcomes in children than BMI is supported.

吉林省山野菜资源研究及其展望

21世纪以来,山野菜的发展逐渐成为世界的关注热点。了解吉林省山区山野菜的分布及特点,有利于开发山野菜更高的利用价值。目前部分山野菜资源的过度利用,使山野菜本身价值逐渐下降。随着市场经济的发展和人们对山野菜的需求,通过人工技术对山野菜进行培养,生产出高产优质的山野菜及绿色健康的山野菜食品逐渐受到大众青睐,吉林省山野菜资源的开发利用具有极大的潜力和广阔前景。

高寒沼泽湿地植被特征和土壤养分对自然野火的响应

为探讨高寒沼泽湿地植被和土壤养分对野火的响应,本文选择高寒沼泽湿地野火影响区和非影响区(对照区)调查植被群落和土壤养分特征。结果发现:与对照区比,野火显著增加了禾本科和杂类草盖度(P<0.05),豆科和苔藓盖度分别从6.17%和32.67%下降到0.17%和4.50%(P<0.05)。野火显著降低了土壤全氮和速效磷含量,但显著增加了速效氮含量(P<0.05)。结构方程模型分析发现,对照区苔藓盖度直接影响土壤全磷和速效磷含量,影响系数分别为0.990和0.913。野火影响区苔藓盖度与Shannon-Wiener指数存在正向直接影响(影响系数=0.604)。死苔藓生物量与Pielou指数和全磷含量之间为直接负向影响关系,影响系数为-0.652(P<0.01)和-0.503(P<0.05)。野火影响区和对照区的苔藓均是影响土壤养分和植物多样性的关键因子。故在分析野火的影响时,除重点关注禾本科、豆科以及氮磷等敏感指标变化特征外,也要重视苔藓的生态作用。

中国水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域模拟

水生蔬菜作物是长江流域农耕文明驯化作物中的独特类群,其野生近缘种是育种和品种改良的宝贵遗传资源。本研究从中国植物+物种信息系统和中国数字植物标本馆获取了10种水生蔬菜作物的36个野生近缘种的地理分布数据并进行了校对,结合相应的气候因子数据,使用最大熵模型(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)构建生态位模型,并对物种未来分布变化进行预测。结果表明:水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域主要位于长江中下游的洞庭湖和鄱阳湖流域,与长江流域农耕文明起源地相重合,表明农耕文明对植物资源的就近利用。在未来升温的气候情景下,水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种适宜分布热点区域可能会进一步扩张,多样性热点区域中心向高纬度地区迁移,这有利于水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性的维持和提升,并为其保护提供了理论依据。

林业科技教育投资服务乡村振兴的产业效应研究——以森林山野菜产业为例

森林山野菜产业符合乡村振兴中产业兴旺的特点,文章通过文献回顾并依托于人力资本理论,设立静态面板模型和动态面板模型,进行回归并考察林业科技教育投资对森林山野菜产量存在的积极效应,研究结果显示,林业科技教育投资对森林山野菜产量具有稳定地显著正向影响,不同模型的估计系数在0.35~0.48之间,说明林业科技教育投资在乡村振兴中具有重要作用。最后提出林业财政要长期投资及加大财政投资的建议,并根据森林山野菜产量稳定性特征,建议保持林业科技教育投资的适度增长性,做到科学施策、精准服务乡村振兴。

海南省17种野菜重金属污染风险评估

目的调查海南省野菜重金属污染情况,并进行风险评估。方法采集本地常见17种野菜,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法及原子荧光光谱法对其进行重金属含量测定,并进行相关性及主成分分析,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、目标危害指数法对结果进行风险评估。结果采集野菜中5种重金属的最大检出值均低于国家限量标准的50%,Cd检出率最高;5种重金属元素之间无显著相关性;Pb、Cr、Cd是野菜中特征重金属元素;采集野菜均处于清洁水平,污染等级为安全;具有健康风险的重金属主要是As和Cd,野茼蒿和树仔菜带来的健康风险要高于其余种类。结论海南省野菜中重金属来源各不相同,污染等级均为安全,其中As和Cd具有较高健康风险,野菜种类方面,野茼蒿和树仔菜存在较高健康风险。

基于深度学习的可食用野菜种类识别

可食用野菜兼具营养价值和药用价值,然而传统采摘可食用野菜的分辨主要依赖人为主观经验,效率低且错误风险高,因此对可食用野菜快速准确的识别对实现野菜产业开发和保障食用安全具有重要意义。以南京地区“七头一脑”共8种可食用野菜为研究对象,构建了8种野菜的2400张图像数据集,采用3种具有代表性的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)模型(AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50)和3种视觉自注意力(vision transformer,ViT)模型(ViT、CaiT和DeiT)共6种不同的深度学习模型进行训练和验证,并通过梯度加权类激活映射(gradient-weighted class activation mapping,Grad-CAM)来分析深度学习模型的决策机制。结果表明,ResNet50在验证集上的准确率达到94.68%,精确率、召回值和F1分数分别为97.66%、97.74%和97.70%,在6个模型中表现最佳。随后,在最优模型ResNet50基础上添加卷积模块的注意力机制(convolutional block attention module,CBAM)和坐标注意力机制(coordinate attention,CA)模块进行模型优化,结果显示,CBAM-ResNet50准确率达到了97.67%,CA-ResNet50准确率达到了98.34%,分别提高了2.99个百分点和3.66个百分点。以上研究结果证实了CNN模型在数据集上能取得比ViT更好的结果,利用深度学习识别可食用野菜种类是可行的,且添加注意力模块能够实现更高的识别准确率。

野菜的营养及功能性成分研究

野菜营养价值丰富,含有多种有益于人体健康的活性成分。许多野菜兼具食用价值和药用价值,因此研究野菜的营养及功能性成分具有重要意义。本文对野菜的营养成分、功能性成分与功效以及野菜的食用方法进行了综述,以期为今后野菜营养相关研究以及野菜产品开发提供参考。

江西九连山森林水果和野生蔬菜初探

【目的】森林水果和野生蔬菜是森林大食物观中粮食的重要组成部分,为了调查统计江西九连山分布的森林水果和野生蔬菜资源组成和种数。【方法】采用路线调查法对公路两侧、常绿阔叶林和针叶林等各种林分中的森林水果和野生蔬菜进行摄影、采集标本,记录其地理位置、种群数量和生境信息。【结果】建立了九连山森林水果和野生蔬菜名录;分析了江西九连山森林水果和野生蔬菜的科属结构、地理区系、生活型、营养和药用价值,并统计了九连山地区森林水果的果期,同时提出了九连山森林水果和野生蔬菜的开发建议。【结论】江西九连山森林水果资源和野生蔬菜资源丰富,营养药用价值高,开发潜力大,可为保障粮食安全提供数据支撑和实践指导。

饮食文化视角下《野菜谱》与淮扬菜

《野菜谱》是明代高邮人王磐所编写的著作,他笔下的野菜具有江淮之地的生态特性与风味个性。立足于王磐的生活环境,通过对《野菜谱》的考察,发现作者对野菜分类与食用方式的划分受到了江淮地域生态和饮食风味理念的影响。从饮食文化的角度分析《野菜谱》中烹饪原料(野菜)的文化价值,可以发掘淮扬菜丰富的物质基础和深厚的文化基因。在野菜的食用方面,淮扬菜与《野菜谱》是一脉相承而又与时俱进的。

天水市12种常见野菜营养价值分析简报

为充分开发利用野菜资源,对生长在天水市的12种常见野菜花椒叶、楤木芽、荠菜、薤白、葛缕子、芦笋、刺五加、香椿、苜蓿、茵陈、苦苣、蒲公英中的营养成分进行分析测定。结果表明:12种野菜的水分含量为73.94%~92.06%,其中芦笋中水分含量最高,显著高于其他野菜;灰分含量为0.67%~5.75%,苦苣中的灰分含量最高,与其他野菜呈显著性差异;VC含量为49.70~382.70mg/kg,其中荠菜、花椒叶、苦苣、葛缕子与高VC含量的青椒(348.20mg/kg)、圣女果(222.50mg/kg)相媲美;粗蛋白含量为0.91%~5.81%,其中香椿最高,为5.81%;粗纤维含量为2.49%~14.78%,其中花椒叶、葛缕子、楤木芽含量较高;因此,从营养价值角度来看这12种野菜都具有进一步开发和利用的价值。