Migration is one of the most prominent phenomena in these ultimate years.It has brought some good consequences and economic development,but also a number of socio-economical and socio-political problems,such as decrea...Migration is one of the most prominent phenomena in these ultimate years.It has brought some good consequences and economic development,but also a number of socio-economical and socio-political problems,such as decreasing population in the sending countries,brain drain,labour market shortages,etc.This paper focuses on the reasons why people emigrate from their countries of origin and what effects bring their emigration to the national economy.The purpose of the paper is to explain the emigration impact on the labour market in the sending countries,the phenomenon“brain drain”and its effects,the impact of the remittances,and the importance of Diasporas and return migration for the countries of origin.展开更多
Globalisation makes a significant difference to emergent nations.This paper provides insight into the benefits of globalisation on countries which have not been industrialised in respect to economy growth and well-bei...Globalisation makes a significant difference to emergent nations.This paper provides insight into the benefits of globalisation on countries which have not been industrialised in respect to economy growth and well-being of population.Meanwhile,counter-arguments have been used to test the rigour of the paper.Whilst globalisation has brought a wider income gap and various new diseases,it has at the same time resulted in more positive than negative effects for countries with undeveloped industries.展开更多
Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Org...Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.展开更多
文摘Migration is one of the most prominent phenomena in these ultimate years.It has brought some good consequences and economic development,but also a number of socio-economical and socio-political problems,such as decreasing population in the sending countries,brain drain,labour market shortages,etc.This paper focuses on the reasons why people emigrate from their countries of origin and what effects bring their emigration to the national economy.The purpose of the paper is to explain the emigration impact on the labour market in the sending countries,the phenomenon“brain drain”and its effects,the impact of the remittances,and the importance of Diasporas and return migration for the countries of origin.
文摘Globalisation makes a significant difference to emergent nations.This paper provides insight into the benefits of globalisation on countries which have not been industrialised in respect to economy growth and well-being of population.Meanwhile,counter-arguments have been used to test the rigour of the paper.Whilst globalisation has brought a wider income gap and various new diseases,it has at the same time resulted in more positive than negative effects for countries with undeveloped industries.
文摘Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.
