Databases of 2D material-substrate interfaces and 2D charged building blocks

Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.

Experimental investigation of railway train-induced vibrations of surrounding ground and a nearby multi-story building

In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure near the Beijing- Guangzhou Railway and along a small road adjacent to the building. The results show that the velocity response levels of the environmental ground and the building floors increase with train speed, and attenuate with the distance to the railway track. Heavier freight trains induce greater vibrations than lighter passenger trains. In the multi-story building, the lateral velocity levels increase monotonically with floor elevation, while the vertical ones increase with floor elevation in a fluctuating manner. The indoor floor vibrations are much lower than the outdoor ground vibrations. The lateral vibration of the building along the direction of weak structural stiffness is greater than along the direction with stronger stiffness. A larger room produces greater floor vibrations than the staircase at the same elevation, and the vibration at the center of a room is greater than at its corner. The vibrations of the building were compared with the Federal Transportation Railroad Administration （FTA） criteria for acceptable ground-borne vibrations expressed in terms ofrms velocity levels in decibels. The results show that the train-induced building vibrations are serious, and some exceed the allowance given in relevant criterion.

Optimization of Grouping Evacuation Strategy in High-rise Building Fires Based on Graph Theory and Computational Experiments

It is difficult to rescue people from outside, and emergency evacuation is still a main measure to decrease casualties in high-rise building fires. To improve evacuation efficiency, a valid and easily manipulated grouping evacuation strategy is proposed. Occupants escape in groups according to the shortest evacuation route is determined by graph theory. In order to evaluate and find the optimal grouping, computational experiments are performed to design and simulate the evacuation processes. A case study shown the application in detail and quantitative research conclusions is obtained. The thoughts and approaches of this study can be used to guide actual high-rise building evacuation processes in future.

Experimental Study of the Interaction between Building Clusters and Flash Floods

In recent years, flash flood disasters have occurred frequently in southwest China due to the increased frequency of extreme climate events. To solve this problem, great efforts have been made in studying the process of flash flood. However, little attention was paid on bearing body of hazard, the clusters of buildings. Thus the real disaster mechanism of flash flood remains unclear.Accordingly, based on the experiments of artificial flash floods in a conceptual solid model, this paper focuses on the flood-impacted inundation characteristics of the building clusters at different locations of the gully model, in order to obtain a better understanding of the disaster process and the interaction between the flash floods and building clusters. The results showed that, in a typical smallscale flash flood gully with hot and dry climate, 1)clusters of buildings on an alluvial fan could reduce about 35% of the flooding area by blocking the diffusion of the flood to the depression areas, and could also promote the deposition in lower reaches of the river channel by blocking the overbank flow from going back into the channel, making the width-depth ratio of the channel larger. 2) The flash flood rates of disaster and hazard on the alluvial fan are generally higher than that of the inner gully. For the inner gully,buildings located on the beaches along the lower river and the transitional areas of the straight channel and channel bends can easily be affected because of their lower elevations. For the alluvial fan, buildings nearby the meanders suffer the greatest impacts because of bank collapsing and flooding. 3) The safe vertical distance from a building to the river channel is 13 m for the buildings in the inner gully under extreme floods. Below this threshold, the smaller the vertical distance is, the greater the risk exposure is. For the buildings on the alluvial fan, especially for the buildings near the concave bank of the top rush point,the horizontal distance is more important, and the safe value is 80 m under extreme floods.

A novel 300 kW arc plasma inverter system based on hierarchical controlled building block structure

To date, the high power arc plasma technology is widely used. A next generation high power arc plasma system based on building block structure is presented. The whole arc plasma inverter system is composed of 12 paralleled units to increase the system output capability. The hierarchical control system is adopted to improve the reliability and flexibility of the high power arc plasma inverter. To ensure the reliable turn on and off of the IGBT module in each building block unit, a special pulse drive circuit is designed by using pulse transformer. The experimental result indicates that the high power arc plasma inverter system can transfer 300 kW arc plasma energy reliably with high efficiency.

Personal Reflection on Cultural Building Blocks

By reflecting back on the culture in which I was raised, I identify different building blocks of culture and the ways they played out, in order to apply them in my future life and make life better.

Preparation, Structure and Properties of 3D Supramolecular Architecture, on the Basis of Hydrogen Bonds and π-π Stacking Between 2D Layers, with Windmill Building Blocks

A novel three-dimensional（3D） supramolecular architecture, {[Nd（OH-BDC）（OH-HBDC）（H2O）2]·2HaO）n（1） （OH-H2BDC=5-hydroxyisophthalic acid）, which was formed through hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking between two-dimensional（2D） layers, was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Windmill building blocks, which consist of two nine-coordinated metal centers and four OH-H2BDC groups are connected through two carboxyl groups, to lead to a one-dimensional infinite inorganic chain（… M--O--C--O--M…） along the [100] direction. An observed intense blue luminescence with an emission band peaked at 390 nm for compound 1 may results from ligand-to-metal charge transfer（LMCT）. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of compound 1 was investigated and the value was deviated from the Curie-Weiss law.

Two Chiral Building Blocks for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Anti-and Syn-1,3-Diols

Two chiral building blocks 1 and 2 for anti-and syn-1, 3-diols has been achieved in 8 steps and 7 steps respectively, starting from the readily available and inexpensive D (+)-xylose 3.

Appropriate schemata and building blocks

Appropriate schemata as a novel concept to characterize building blocks are introduced, and then, the traits of appropriate schemata are presented. The effects of building blocks by search operators are analyzed. Hence, the experiments on RR-8X8 are employed to verify that appropriate schemata construct the building blocks. The validity of appropriate schemata and building blocks from the views of theory and practice is presented.

6-Azido-Galactosyl Imidate as a Building Block for Preparation of 1-(4-Aminobutyl)-, Di-, Tri- and Tetra-Saccharides

6-azidogalactosyl imidate has been used as a donor to generate 1-(4-aminobutyl)-6-aminogalactose, 6-aminothiotolyl- glycosides of disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide that incorporates 6-azido group and 1-(4-tolyl)thio group. Trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide were obtained from lactosyl-based acceptor. The anomeric 1-(4-tolyl)thio group could be used to conjugate with sphingosine analogs to provide the alpha-Gal Sph analogs for library extension from the azido group.

Biobased Vanillic Acid and Ricinoleic Acid: Building Blocks for Fully Renewable Copolyesters

New fully biobased polyether/esters have been synthesized by a one-pot polymerization reaction of ricinoleic acid(RA),vanillic acid(VA)and ethylene carbonate(EC).In particular,EC selectively reacts with the phenolic group of VA to obtain in-situ 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate(EV),suitable for subsequent copolymerization with RA.The procedure was carried out in a single step,without any solvent.Chemical structure and thermal properties of the new materials were studied in order to explore relationships between composition and final performances.The combination of EV,bearing a rigid aromatic structure,with RA,characterized by high flexibility and potential biocidal activity,allows the production of a novel class of fully biobased aliphatic-aromatic polymers presenting tuneable thermal properties and suitable for a range of applications,for example,in active packaging and biomedical fields.

Compliant semiconductor scaffolds: building blocks for advanced neural interfaces

Neuroscience,neuroprosthetics and neural regeneration would benefit from more adequate interfacing devices.To understand how neurons communicate,process information and control behavior,researchers need to monitor nerve cell activity with high specifity and high spatio-temporal resolution.Neural prostheses require minimally invasive-implantable devices to re- place lost function, and bypass dysfunctional pathways in the nervous system. Devices built to repair damaged nerves have to support and promote regeneration of host neurons through an injured area. Finally, as neuromodulation is being elevated from last resort to first choice treatment for an increasing number of conditions, implantable devices able to perform targeted regu- lation of neural activity are needed. Recent advances in device miniaturization, materials engineering, and nanotechnology are enabling development of an increasing number of devices that effectively interface with neural circuits. Wireless spinal cord and deep brain stimulators, retinal and cochlear implants, high density electrodes arrays for neural recording have already proven to significantly impact fundamental research in neuro- science, as well as individuals＇ quality of life.

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF RABDOSIA DITERPENOID Ⅱ,PREPARATION OF A KEY BUILDING BLOCK,α,β-UNSATURATED LACTONE

The main half molecule(4a)of the trichorabdal B(1) was synthesized from pentadienol(6).The key step is the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 8.

On the Teaching of Interior Design for Commercial Buildings in the Age of Experience Economy

The coming of the experience economy time not only brings huge challenge to traditional commercial space design, but also makes new demand on university commercial building intenor design- course teaching. Expenencmg construction is considered, as an important content in the teaching process to obtain better teaching objectives by means of design thought of ＂theme setting-physical manifestation- emotional experience＂, and assist students to set up design approach adjust to the new market demand.

Cartilage and bone tissue engineering using adipose stromal/stem cells spheroids as building blocks

Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic in vivo embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating,in vitro,tissues with more authentic properties.Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering.In this review,we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues.Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis,and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids,making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.Here,we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro.Overall,recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal"building blocks"for tissue engineering by“bottom-up”approaches,which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting.Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.

International government regulatory experience of building energy-saving: A survey

Government regulation on building energy saving starts earlier in America, Holland, Japan and other developed countries, and has accumulated wealthy experience which is worth reference for China. According to practical work of building energy efficiency in China, the government regulation should to be divided into two stages: recent advance and forward continued promotion of industry. In short term, we should cultivate and improve energy efficiency market as the main task by means of enhancing awareness of energy conservation, accelerating heating system reform, implementing effective encouraging policy and setting up building energy efficiency sign system and etc. While in long term, we should put emphasis on upgrading and development of building energy efficiency industry by ways of improving standard and norm system, constructing technological guarantee system and forming socialized cooperation system and etc.

(Z)-ETHYL 3-BROMO-4,4,4-TRIFLUORO-2-BUTENOATE AS A NOVEL CF_3-CONTAINING BUILDING BLOCK: Its Preparation and Pd-Catalysed Reaction with Alkynes and Organozinc Reagents

A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to afford useful CF_3-containing intermediates in good yield.

DESIGN OF INTERCHANGE RAMP ALIGNMENT WITH BLOCK-BUILDING METHOD

This paper presents a block-building method for the alignment design ofinterchange rampe.Giving starting coprdinates and direction, an ideal alignment isbuilt up by choosing desirable type and argunient of one of the three basic buildingbleeks:tangent,arc and spiral.In addition,with the hereafter provided calculationdiagrains and prograni package,the interchange aligrmient drawing and layout draw-ing can be acquired aseily.