Effects of Selenium on Fusarium Growth and Associated Fermentation Products and the Relationship with Chondrocyte Viability

This study determined the effects of selenium on the growth of Fusorium strains and the effects of products extracted from the fungal cultures on relevant indicators of chondrocytes injury.

BOSD: Business Object Based Flexible Software Development for Enterprises

The enterprise software need adapt to new requirements from the continuous change management. The recent development methods have increased the flexibility of software. However, previous studies have ignored the stability of business object and the particular business relationships to support the software development. In this paper, a coarse-grained business object based software development, BOSD, is presented to resolve this problem. By analyzing the characteristics of variable requirement, business objects are abstracted as the separately-developed unit from business process, and are assembled to system through their relationships. The methodology of BOSD is combined with MDA (Model Driven Architecture) and implemented on the semiautomatic platform.

Identification of refactoring opportunities for source code based on class association relationships

In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to detect complex and duplicated many-to-many association relationships in source code,and to provide guidance for further refactoring.In the approach,source code is first transformed to an abstract syntax tree from which all data members of each class are extracted,then each class is characterized in connection with a set of association classes saving its data members.Next,classes in common associations are obtained by comparing different association classes sets in integrated analysis.Finally,on condition of pre-defined thresholds,all class sets in candidate for refactoring and their common association classes are saved and exported.This approach is tested on 4 projects.The results show that the precision is over 96%when the threshold is 3,and 100%when the threshold is 4.Meanwhile,this approach has good execution efficiency as the execution time taken for a project with more than 500 classes is less than 4 s,which also indicates that it can be applied to projects of different scales to identify their refactoring opportunities effectively.

Risk Factors Associated with Various Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Study in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Introduction: Stroke is the main cause of adult disability and the second most leading cause of death worldwide. The number of deaths due to stroke is 5.54 million worldwide. Globally, 70% of strokes and 87% of both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years occur in low and middle-income countries. Method: This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted at Indoor, Outdoor, Stroke and Neuro-Intervention clinic of the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June-2019 to May-2020. A total of 220 ischemic stroke patients aged above 30 years confirmed by CT scan/MRI of brain. Data were collected with a pre-structured questionnaire from the patients, investigations reports and face-to-face interviews and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 23.0. Proper consent was taken from the participants. The collected data were ANNOVA tests and association within the risk factors and the patterns of subtypes of ischemic stroke where P < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among the 220 stroke patients, large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardio-embolism (CE), small-vessel occlusion (SVO, stroke of other determined etiology (SODE) and stroke of undetermined etiology (SUDE) were being observed 84 (38.18%), 14 (6.36%), 63 (28.64%), 12 (5.45%) and 47 (18.18%). Eighty-Six (39.09%) prevalence of subtypes was found in rural areas whereas 134 (60.91%) were in urban areas. The significant risk factors are associated with the prevalence of various subtypes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study prevails the people of Bangladesh are vulnerable to various subtypes of ischemic stroke. The higher prevalence of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in our patients suggests the presence of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit and dyslipidemia.

端粒长度与10种常见肌肉骨骼疾病的关系孟德尔随机化分析

背景:多项观察性研究表明,端粒长度与肌肉骨骼疾病之间存在潜在的关联,然而它们之间的潜在机制仍不清楚。目的:利用两样本孟德尔随机化分析来探索端粒长度与肌肉骨骼疾病之间的遗传因果关系。方法:从英国生物银行中获得端粒长度的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。从FinnGen财团中获得了关于10种常见肌肉骨骼疾病(骨坏死、骨髓炎、骨质疏松、类风湿关节炎、腰痛、椎管狭窄、痛风、肩周炎、强直性脊柱炎和下肢深静脉血栓)的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。使用逆方差加权、孟德尔随机化-Egger和加权中位数方法评估端粒长度与10种肌肉骨骼疾病的因果关系,逆方差加权作为主要的孟德尔随机化分析方法,并进行敏感性分析探讨结果稳健性。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法结果表明,遗传预测的端粒长度与类风湿关节炎(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.95,P=0.015)和骨坏死(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.36-0.90,P=0.016)风险之间存在负向因果关系,但未发现端粒长度与其他8种肌肉骨骼疾病之间存在因果关系(P均>0.05)。②敏感性分析结果表明因果关系稳健,孟德尔随机化-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(P均>0.05)。③此项孟德尔随机化研究支持端粒长度对类风湿关节炎和骨坏死的保护作用的结论,然而,未来将需要更多的基础和临床研究来验证。

免疫细胞与膝骨关节炎之间因果作用:一项两样本双向孟德尔随机化分析

背景:膝骨关节炎是一种常见的关节软骨及周围组织损伤的慢性炎症性疾病,而免疫细胞在膝骨关节炎免疫炎症反应中起到重要作用,但其中的具体机制仍有待深入研究。目的:采用孟德尔随机化方法来评估731种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎风险之间的潜在因果关系。方法:使用全基因组关联分析(GWAS)目录中公开获取731种免疫细胞表型的全基因组关联分析统计数据(从GCST0001391到GCST0002121)和IEUGWAS数据库中膝骨关节炎的全基因组关联分析数据(ebi-a-GCST007090)。采用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、加权模型法和简单模型法来研究免疫细胞与膝骨关节炎之间的因果关系。敏感性分析用于检验孟德尔随机化分析结果是否可靠,然后以同样方法进行反向孟德尔随机化分析。结果与结论:①正向分析结果表明,共有4种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎有显著的因果关系(FDR<0.20),其中B细胞中的CD27 on CD24+CD27+(OR=1.026,P=0.00026,Pfdr=0.18)、髓系细胞中的CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR-(OR=1.014,P=0.00050,Pfdr=0.18)以及Treg细胞中的CD45RA+CD28-CD8br%CD8br(OR=1.001,P=0.00078,Pfdr=0.18)与膝骨关节炎风险呈直接的正向因果关联;单核细胞中PDL-1 on monocyte(OR=0.952,P=0.00098,Pfdr=0.18)与膝骨关节炎风险呈直接的负向因果关联。②反向分析结果表明,当膝骨关节炎作为暴露数据时,与731种免疫细胞表型均不具有显著因果关系(FDR<0.20)。③敏感性分析结果显示:双向孟德尔随机化的Cochran’s Q检验和MR-Egger回归法结果P值均大于0.05,表明免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎之间的因果效应分析不存在显著的异质性和多效性。④上述结果证实,CD27 on CD24+CD27+,CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR-,CD45RA+CD28-CD8br%CD8br以及PDL-1 on monocyte免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎之间可能具有较为显著的潜在因果关系,这为研究膝骨关节炎的生物学机制及探索膝骨关节炎的早期防治提供有价值的线索,也为干预性药物的开发提供了新的方向。

肠道菌群与骨质疏松症的遗传关系:来自英国数据库211个肠道微生物群分析

背景:骨质疏松症被定义为一种慢性代谢性骨病,大量的证据表明肠道菌群与骨质疏松症有关。然而,肠道菌群对骨质疏松症的因果关系尚不清楚。目的:采用双样本孟德尔随机化方法来评估肠道菌群与骨质疏松症之间的潜在因果关系。方法:使用MiBioGen联盟肠道菌群的全基因组关联分析汇总统计数据和英国生物样本数据库中骨质疏松症的全基因组关联分析数据。采用逆方差加权法(Inverse variance weighting,IVW)、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、加权模型法和简单模型法来研究肠道菌群与骨质疏松症之间的因果关系。敏感性分析用于检验孟德尔随机化分析结果是否可靠。结果与结论:逆方差加权法结果表明,肠道菌群与骨质疏松症之间存在因果关系。克里斯滕森菌科R7属(MR Egger:β=-0.007;IVW:β=-0.004,P=0.028)、粪球菌3属(MR Egger:β=-0.008;IVW:β=-0.003,P=0.046)和毛螺菌属(MR Egger:β=-0.009;IVW:β=-0.004,P=0.003),可能是骨质疏松的保护性因素,而霍氏菌属(MREgger:β=0.006;IVW:β=0.002,P=0.033)和氧化真杆菌属(MREgger:β=0.001;IVW:β=0.003,P=0.046),可能为骨质疏松症潜在危险性因素。数据分析结果显示,氧化真杆菌属和霍氏菌属可增加骨质疏松风险,克里斯滕森菌科R7属、粪球菌3属和毛螺菌属可降低骨质疏松风险。此结论是否也适用于非欧洲人群,未来需要不同群体的大样本临床试验来验证。

Study of Customer Relationship Asset Management from the People-oriented Perspective

With the advent of the knowledge economy and information age in the 21st century,the relationship between managers,the managed personnel,and customers has undergone tremendous changes.In order to meet the needs of the development of the times,the business management has gradually turned to the study of people,and humanistic management has become one of the important factors influencing the sustainable development of enterprises.This paper came up with people-oriented management approaches and countermeasures for enterprises from corporate culture,customer satisfaction and loyalty,balance sheet management,customer database establishment,and improvement of the rate of return of customer relationship assets.

Journal of the Chinese Library Association and Modern Chinese Library Cause

Journal of the Chinese Library Association is an agency publication of the Chinese Library Association.Its purpose is to promote the exchange of library science,the popularization of library science knowledge,and the development of library undertakings.The journal has numerous columns,rich content,long publication time and wide distribution,laying an important foundation for the innovation,transformation and development of modern library cause.

Former Harvard Business School Senior Associate Dean F.Warren McFarlan Appointed Co-Director of Tsinghua School of Economics and Management China Business Case Center

Tsinghua University＇s School of Economics and Management （SEM） announced the appointment on August 18, 2009 of former Senior Associate Dean of the Harvard Business School Professor F. Warren McFarlan as Co-Director of SEM＇s China Business Case Center for the next three years.

Former Harvard Business School Senior Associate Dean F.Warren McFarlan Appointed Co-Director of Tsinghua School of Economics and Management China Business Case Center

Tsinghua University＇s School of Economics and Management （SEM） announced the appointment on August 18, 2009, of former Senior Associate Dean of the Harvard Business School Professor F. Warren McFarlan as Co-Director of SEM＇s China Business Case Center for the next three years. During his tenure, Professor McFarlan will design a Harvard Business School case study based teaching platform for SEM adapted to the current business environment in China. Professor McFarlan will also select a company as the basis for case study and research on the problems the company encounters in its growth process. He may also open further case development and teaching seminars in the future.

Research on Role Definition of Industry Association and Administrative Organ

Industry association is an important part of China＇s economic and social life, which plays an important role in these areas. However, due to various reasons, there exist some objective difficulties and problems for industry associations. In March 2013, Chinese government requires to clear relationship between govemment~ market and society, actively yet prudently carry forward the work of canceling the subordinate relations between industry associations and administrative organs, speed up the construction of modem social organizational system that is independent of government, and with well defined rights and responsibilities and self-governing by law. In such a background, it is especially necessary to deeply analyze the role definition of industry association and administrative organ, discuss how to clarify the role relationship between industry association and administrative organ, and consider how to promote the better and faster development of industry association. This paper has briefly introduced the development status and existing problems of industry association, and put forward relevant measures and suggestions to solve the problems.

亲清政商关系与企业数字化转型

在数字经济时代,数字化转型是企业实现高质量发展的内生要求,而企业的数字化转型离不开政府的引导和支持。基于此,分析检验当前亲清政商关系构建会如何影响微观企业的数字化转型,有助于企业实现高质量发展。利用2016—2020年中国A股传统行业上市公司的年度观察数据研究发现,亲清政商关系对企业数字化转型具有显著的正向影响,即在政商关系越亲清的地区,企业的数字化水平越高,并且这种正向影响在非国有企业中表现得更强。进一步的机制检验表明,亲清政商关系主要通过“市场导向效应”和“资源供给效应”对企业数字化转型发挥积极的促进作用。更具有启发意义的是,主要是政商关系的“亲近化”而不是政商关系的“清白化”助力了企业的数字化转型,而且亲清政商关系能够降低传统政治关联的相关影响。

Digital Media as a Game-Changer in B2B Buyer-Vendor Relationships

Purpose:The article examines the role of digital and,in particular,social media in business-to-business marketing in the international software industry.The authors responded to calls for empirical research on how these media impact buyer-vendor relationships and the conjunction of the marketing and sales processes,particularly the distribution of complex software solutions.This paper develops a digital framework and discusses the managerial consequences.Design/methodology/approach:The model arises by merging themes derived from literature,experts,and job descriptions.Mixed Methods included conducting semi-structured interviews across marketing,business development,and sales executives from buyers,vendors,and third parties of various industries,supplemented by a survey of 530+executives.Findings:Multinational companies secure competitive advantage through agile business processes to improve buyer-vendor relationships in the digital era.Digital media enable vendors to interact continuously with buyers,gather intelligence,and foster mutually beneficial,trustworthy,long-term relationships.The objective is to prompt transactions and secure revenue streams.Research limitations/implications:The outcomes of this research center on North America,Western Europe(including the UK),and DACH(Germany-Austria-Switzerland),affecting the generalizability.Originality/value:The research is novel and bridges several gaps concerning industrial relationships in digitalization:it merges buyer,vendor,and third-party’s perspectives on an international scale.It provides deeper insights into existing and new relationships by identifying relevant digital/social media platforms,the underlying usage motivation,and fundamental B2B processes.Finally,it equips practitioners with metrics to improve performance.

基于多元关系融合的科学—技术—产业关联模式识别方法研究

[目的/意义]基于多元关系挖掘科学—技术—产业之间的关联模式,对揭示技术关联的科学基础和产业方向,促进产学研深度融合具有重要意义。[方法/过程]首先,利用LDA模型与人工判断方法识别出论文、专利、产品主题,基于论文与专利主题的引用关系、主体关系、内容关系构建科学关联度指标,基于专利与产品主题的交叉关系构建产业关联度指标;然后,基于科学关联度和产业关联度二元维度识别各技术主题的科学—技术—产业关联模式;最后,选择量子通信技术领域进行实证研究。[结果/结论]量子通信领域的技术主题关联模式包括S模式、S-T模式、T-I模式、S-T-I模式。随着时间推移,科学—技术—产业之间的互动逐步加深;量子通信技术遵循“材料研究—应用模块—应用核心技术—应用系统”的演化路径。

数字化转型对企业客户关系的影响

数字化转型能否帮助企业更好地整合优化客户关系,是现阶段理论和实务界的重要议题。基于2007—2022年中国上市公司数据,实证检验数字化转型对企业客户关系的影响与机制以及由此产生的经济后果。研究发现:数字化转型显著促进了企业客户关系分散化,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立。数字化转型通过提升企业市场竞争地位和客户需求满足程度,促进其客户关系分散化。数字化转型对于高对外开放程度、非国有、非耐用品行业、强知识产权保护以及高市场整合程度地区的企业的客户关系分散化作用更大。进一步分析发现,数字化转型导致的企业客户关系分散化可以显著降低企业经营风险、增加企业经营绩效。

城市“亲清”政商关系与企业纳税遵从度

利用《中国城市政商关系排行榜》构建的“亲清”政商关系健康指数及其二级、三级构成指标,基于2017—2019年中国沪深A股上市公司的微观样本,实证考察城市“亲清”政商关系对企业纳税遵从度的影响。研究结果表明:健康的城市“亲清”政商关系有助于提高企业纳税遵从度,特别是对规模小、盈利水平低、治理水平低、成长性高的企业促进作用更大,在高城市等级地区中的提升相比也更高;“亲清”政商关系建设提升企业纳税遵从度的作用主要来自“亲近”方面,且主要体现在政府对企业的关心和公共服务上。鉴于此,各城市政府应充分重视“亲清”政商关系建设,着重于“亲近”指标的优化,持续增强对企业的关心并提升公共服务水平,营造市场化、公平化、便利化的营商环境,更好地提升企业纳税遵从度。

新型政商关系促进民营企业高质量发展:理论与实证

构建新型政商关系有利于进一步激发市场活力和更好发挥市场机制作用,对于促进民营企业高质量发展具有重要意义。民营企业高质量发展是我国实现高质量发展的重要基础,是构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的重要推动力量。以2017—2021年中国城市政商关系健康指数和民营企业上市公司数据为样本,通过构建双向固定效应模型来考察新型政商关系如何影响民营企业高质量发展。研究结果表明,城市政商关系健康指数提升一个单位,该城市民营企业的全要素生产率则提高11.9%,并且经过一系列稳健性检验后该结果依然成立。从影响机制来看,新型政商关系通过缓解融资约束、鼓励技术创新、提升市场化水平以及激发企业家精神等路径来对民营企业高质量发展产生积极影响。基于此,要促进民营企业高质量发展,首先必须要树立正确的政绩观,着力提高党员干部的市场意识、服务意识,其次加快企业服务体系的构建,最后要完善各部门优化营商环境政策整合机制,强化政策部门和企业之间的协调沟通机制,为促进民营企业高质量发展提供坚实保障。

多层次信任、角色冲突与C2C微商买方购买决策:“差序格局”视角的研究

鉴于C2C微商购物的本土背景和社交网络特点,从差序格局的角度探讨在买卖双方不同类型的初始社交关系中,不同层次的信任对买方购买意愿的影响,以及买方感知的角色冲突对其购买意愿与购买行为关系的调节作用。研究发现,买卖双方初始关系为拟家人时,人际信任对买方购买意愿具有显著促进作用,而圈子信任与制度信任的影响作用不显著;熟人类别时,3个层次的信任无显著差异,均可显著促进购买意愿;生人类别时,只有制度信任显著促进购买意愿,而人际信任与圈子信任的作用不显著。买卖双方关系发展路径是“先商后友”和“先友后商”情境下,买方感知角色冲突对购买意愿和购买行为的关系分别具有负向与正向的调节作用。研究发现丰富和拓展了网络营销理论与信任理论研究文献,推进了营销学研究的本土化,并为C2C微商卖方提升绩效提供了管理建议。

国立西南联合大学文科研究生培养模式的内容、特点及启示

全面抗战时期,西南联大弦歌不辍,对文科研究生培养进行了卓有成效的探索。云南昆明相对稳定的社会环境、文科教育深厚的历史传统以及凝聚民心的实现需要,为西南联大文科研究生培养奠定了基础。西南联大恢复文科研究生教育,逐步确立了严格的招考制度,通过实施导师制、建立课程体系、开展多样化的科研训练等途径,形成了较为完善的文科研究生培养模式,并通过实施毕业考核、奖助学金等制度保障了研究生培养质量。西南联大培养了许多优秀的文科人才,研究生培养呈现出严进严出、课程教学与科学研究相结合、导学关系和谐融洽等特点,对当下研究生教育的改革与发展有启示意义。