Analysis on the Influence of "Replacement of Business Tax by Value-added Tax" on the Cost of Highway Projects

The"replacement of business tax by VAT reform"(hereby refer to as"VAT reform"for short)is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy,and its impact on various industries in China is very different,and the highway project industry is no exception.The implementation of the"VAT reform"will not only have a positive impact on the cost of highway projects,but will also have some negative impacts.For this reason,highway project construction corporates must actively respond.The author explores and analyzes the positive and negative effects of the"VAT reform"on the cost of highway projects,and proposes a reform strategy for highway project cost work under the background of the"VAT reform",in hope of helping with bringing out the intrinsic value of highway project cost management work.

Research on Optimizing the Tax Business Environment - Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's Innovation Reform as an Example

Since 2013,optimizing the business environment has become China's national strategy.In recent years,the Party and the government have continuously introduced a series of new measures such as the'"streamline administration,delegate power,strengthen regulation,and improve services55 reform to promote the continuous optimization of the business environment.As an important part of the business environment,the tax business environment is of great significance to improve the business environment and promote economic development.By analyzing the current situation of the tax business environment in China,this article discusses the existing problems in the process of optimizing tax business environment in China.Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's innovative reform of tax business environment optimization as an example,this article introduces the practical innovation and promotion of optimizing tax business environment from four aspects:promoting convenience,digitalization,legalization,and intensive reform,in order to provide relevant experience for the optimization of tax business environment in other areas of China.

Interregional Value-Added Tax in the Era of E-Commerce: Tax Policy Design Based on Big Data from Online Retailing

The value-added tax(VAT)in China is levied and allocated based on the origin principle.Under the background of the increasing substitution of online retail for traditional offline retail,this mechanism will exacerbate the disparity of regional tax revenue,and intensify tax competition among local governments.Therefore,reconsidering the allocation mechanism of value-added tax in China can be an important policy decision,and it is influenced by various economic and social factors.Firstly,we utilize large-scale retail transaction data from an e-commerce platform to measure regional disparities in retail and consumption among different regions and then reveals present tax policy results in revenue imbalance in different regions.Secondly,we establish a model based on game theory to illustrate how the origin principle leads to fierce tax competition among regions.Furthermore,by establishing and solving tax allocation models between local governments and the central government,this study simulates and calculates the degree of revenue imbalance under different scenarios and attempts to propose policy measures.The results indicate that implementing the destination principle will reduce regional tax imbalances.Moreover,adjusting the allocation ratio between the central government and local governments based on city levels is advantageous for further reducing regional tax revenue disparities.

Optimizing Tax Services to Improve the Business Environment in Ethiopia

This article sets out framework for measures which have been taken by the Government of Ethiopia to optimize tax services in Ethiopia.A set of measures among others which potentially influence taxpayer services such as legislation changes,information technology modernization,introducing compliance risk management and standard taxpayers’services are explicitly discussed.

Improving Tax Services and Optimising the Business Environment:Insights from the Experience of Hong Kong SAR,China

To keep pace with the global trend of digital transformation,the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong SAR,China(HKIRD)has embarked on its digital transformation journey to upgrade its information technology(IT)infrastructure and pave the way for full adoption of electronic filing(e-filing)of profits tax returns for businesses(the e-filing project).The e-filing project was implemented in phases starting from June 2020 and expects full implementation by June 2025.The first phase of the digital transformation was successfully implemented earlier this year allowing more businesses to voluntarily e-file their profits tax returns.This article discusses the motivations behind the HKIRD’s e-filing project,the implementation process as well as its implications for Hong Kong SAR,China.Digital transformation is an inevitable development in the society and commerce.To keep pace with the global trend of digital transformation,the public sectors in various jurisdictions have been digitalising financial and tax reporting over the past decades to harness IT to improve delivery of public services to customers and enhance the standard of information collection and administration.

Optimizing Tax-Related Business Environment: Practices of Zhejiang Provincial Tax Service, STA

In recent years,Zhejiang Provincial Tax Service has optimized tax-related business environment through high-quality tax services,ranking first in the National Taxpayer Satisfaction Survey for eight consecutive years.On the basis of the achievements in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of cross-border taxpayers,targeted and tailormade measures of tax and fee services have been put forward to create an international tax-related business environment of new heightswww.britacom.org and ultimately serve the Chinese modernization.

城市“亲清”政商关系与企业纳税遵从度

利用《中国城市政商关系排行榜》构建的“亲清”政商关系健康指数及其二级、三级构成指标,基于2017—2019年中国沪深A股上市公司的微观样本,实证考察城市“亲清”政商关系对企业纳税遵从度的影响。研究结果表明:健康的城市“亲清”政商关系有助于提高企业纳税遵从度,特别是对规模小、盈利水平低、治理水平低、成长性高的企业促进作用更大,在高城市等级地区中的提升相比也更高;“亲清”政商关系建设提升企业纳税遵从度的作用主要来自“亲近”方面,且主要体现在政府对企业的关心和公共服务上。鉴于此,各城市政府应充分重视“亲清”政商关系建设,着重于“亲近”指标的优化,持续增强对企业的关心并提升公共服务水平,营造市场化、公平化、便利化的营商环境,更好地提升企业纳税遵从度。

国地税合并与企业创新——抑制还是促进?

本文基于2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,使用双重差分模型评估了国地税合并对企业创新的影响。研究发现:国地税合并总体上显著促进了企业创新,这一结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立。机制和异质性分析表明,国地税合并通过征税渠道抑制了企业创新,但通过治理渠道和税收营商环境渠道促进了企业创新,且促进作用在信息透明度较低、公司治理水平较低、地区营商环境较差的企业中更为显著。进一步分析发现,国地税合并提高了企业创新质量和创新效率,兼具“提质”和“增效”双重效应。本文结论表明,统一、规范的税收征管有助于激发企业创新活力,为深化税收征管改革、建设现代化财税体系提供了经验支持。

“营改增”对高技术服务业企业投资的影响--基于准自然实验的证据

以中国A股市场高技术服务业企业2009—2016的数据为样本,本文采用多时点DID探究“营改增”这一准自然实验对高技术服务企业投资水平的影响。研究表明,“营改增”的实施对高技术服务企业投资水平具有显著的正向促进效应,这一结论经过PSM-DID以及更换被解释变量的稳健性检验后依然成立。研究结论证实了“营改增”的落地可以激励高技术服务企业投资水平的提升,为后续深入推进税收优惠改革提供了一定的参考。

税收优惠政策与企业注册地和经营地的分离

本文利用中国企业工商注册数据和网络招聘数据,研究了企业通过分离注册地和经营地来避税的行为。研究发现,企业注册地和经营地的分离普遍存在,例如,实际经营在上海崇明区的企业只占当地注册企业数量的3%。基于注册地的税收优惠是导致该现象的重要原因:企业可以在不改变经营地的情况下,改变注册地以获取税收优惠。基于前海深港现代服务业合作区的双重差分法显示,前海合作区的税收优惠政策导致31%—41%的企业分离注册地和经营地;2016年5月1日营业税改增值税后,前海合作区的税收优惠吸引力下降,上述分离行为减少近1/3。企业注册地和经营地的普遍分离,可能导致地区统计数字反映的是注册经济而非实体经济;也可能导致基于注册地址的税收优惠政策难以直接促进实体经济发展,相关优惠政策应该关注企业的实际经营地。

全面抗战时期广东营业税改革及其影响

全面抗战爆发后,国民政府与各地方政府调整财政税收政策,以增加财政收入。广东省政府将营业税视为增收的重要途径,并积极改革营业税制度。1942年,国民政府重新划分国地财政收支体系,接办广东营业税,并进行相应的改革。广东营业税由中央接办后,在支应中央财政、扩充直接税体系和反哺地方财政等方面发挥了积极作用。全面抗战时期广东营业税改革,是国民政府统一税制、实行中央财政集权的重要环节。战争带来的财政压力,客观上增强了中央政府与地方政府改革财政管理体制、优化税收制度的动力。

营商环境、地方政府税收努力与企业税收遵从

营商环境优化能够改变政府与市场之间的博弈均衡,有助于政府提高最优税收努力水平,进而提升国家财政能力。构建“政府-企业”两部门Stackelberg博弈模型作为理论分析框架,利用我国行政审批制度改革作为地方政府优化营商环境的“准自然实验”,匹配中国工业企业数据库,对优化营商环境与地方财政能力之间的因果关系进行实证检验。研究发现:行政审批制度改革代表的营商环境优化有助于提升地方财政能力,表现为企业税收遵从的显著提升;在所得税由地税局管辖的企业、民营企业以及规模较小的企业,这种效应更加明显,从而证实了营商环境优化影响地方政府税收努力进而提高企业税收遵从的理论机制。研究结论对于从优化营商环境的路径提升国家财政能力提供了政策启示。

业财融合视角下业务场景教学改革探索与实践——以“业务税务管理”课程为例

“以数治税”对企业税务人员提出了转型新目标,也对高职院校税收类课程的教学提出了改革新要求。湖南财经工业职业技术学院“业务税务管理”课程以业务场景为基础,以业务流、知识流、数据流、核算流为主线,实施业务场景教学改革,在课程体系、教学资源、教学方法等三个方面开展创新性研究与实践,对高职税收类课程及财经专业课程的教学改革具有借鉴意义。

税收激励与企业资本结构——基于“营改增”政策的证据

税收激励是影响企业资本结构的关键因素。基于中国A股上市公司数据,分析考察“营改增”政策如何影响企业杠杆率,结果表明:该项政策显著提升了非金融企业的总体杠杆率,相比于交通运输业,政策效应在现代服务业中更为明显。机制分析表明,“营改增”政策通过增加企业经营现金流量促进企业进行资本结构调整、提高杠杆率,符合资本结构权衡理论。异质性分析发现,这一影响效果主要表现在强研发能力、高盈利水平、轻资产和负债不足的企业中,相较于不受“营改增”政策影响的企业,实施“营改增”政策的企业的资本结构调整速度明显加快。研究为税收优化资源配置提供了一定经验证据,也为未来减税政策的优化调整提供了政策思考。

“营改增”对劳动力个体就业的影响研究

以2010—2017年中国综合社会调查数据中劳动力个体为研究对象,基于“营改增”政策的准自然实验,采用双重差分法分析了其对劳动力个体就业的影响,以评估减税降费政策的社会福利效应,并考察其影响就业的具体机制。研究结果表明:“营改增”政策会提升试点地区劳动力个体的就业概率,机制在于优化产业结构;“营改增”政策对就业的影响在政策实施的第二年达到峰值,之后随着试点范围的扩大而逐渐减弱。异质性分析显示,“营改增”政策对劳动力个体就业的影响在不同受教育水平、性别和户籍群体间存在差异,表明精准的政策实施更有利于促进就业,优化就业结构。研究结论有助于在理论上甄别“营改增”影响就业的机理,在实践中为就业促进政策的制定与调整提供有益借鉴。