Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of ＂cat eye＂ effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a ...Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of ＂cat eye＂ effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a cat eye target. Decentered field lens structure is adopted in the design without sacrificing imaging quality and clear aperture. An imaging system with±30° field of view is taken for example. The detailed design and simulation results are presented. The results indicate that this kind of optical system can reduce the retroreflection signal substantially and maintain acceptable imaging performance.展开更多
Northrop Frye' s four narrative forms:romance,tragedy,irony,and comedy can help explain the problematic structure of Margaret Atwood' s novel Cat' s Eye,in which the narrative,as well as certain other lite...Northrop Frye' s four narrative forms:romance,tragedy,irony,and comedy can help explain the problematic structure of Margaret Atwood' s novel Cat' s Eye,in which the narrative,as well as certain other literary features,indicates that it is essentially a come dy - a story of how a hero forms a desirable new society in the face of strong opposition.But this comedy is also ironic.展开更多
Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assign...Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.展开更多
The article describes 6 types of gemstones which show phenomena such as chatoyancy and asterism.The gemstones have not been described before,either because they come from new sources,or because the phenomenon has not ...The article describes 6 types of gemstones which show phenomena such as chatoyancy and asterism.The gemstones have not been described before,either because they come from new sources,or because the phenomenon has not been seen before in the type of gemstone described.Gems from the new sources are star garnet from the Karelia Province in Russia,and star garnet from the Jiangsu Province in China.Grandidierite usually does not show a cat’s eye effect,but the two described samples display a weak cat’s eye.An unusual white quartz from Brazil with a sharp cat’s eye is described,as well as a star sapphire with two differently coloured stars on each side of the cabochon,as well as a trapiche-type quartz.The stones were tested with gemmological,microscopic,and advanced techniques and the results are presented.展开更多
Review of the irreversibility problem in modern physics with new researches is given. Some characteristics of the Markov chains are specified and the important property of monotonicity of a probability is formulated. ...Review of the irreversibility problem in modern physics with new researches is given. Some characteristics of the Markov chains are specified and the important property of monotonicity of a probability is formulated. Using one thin inequality, the behavior of relative entropy in the classical case is considered. Further we pass to studying of the irreversibility phenomena in quantum problems. By new method is received the Lindblad’s equation and its physical essence is explained. Deep analogy between the classical Markov processes and development described by the Lindblad’s equation is conducted. Using method of comparison of the Lind-blad’s equation with the linear Langevin equation we receive a system of differential equations, which are more general, than the Caldeira-Leggett equation. Here we consider quantum systems without inverse influ-ence on a surrounding background with high temperature. Quantum diffusion of a single particle is consid-ered and possible ways of the permission of the Schr?dinger’s cat paradox and the role of an external world for the phenomena with quantum irreversibility are discussed. In spite of previous opinion we conclude that in the equilibrium environment is not necessary to postulate the processes with collapses of wave functions. Besides, we draw attention to the fact that the Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation does not always mean the restriction is usually the product of the average values of commuting variables. At last, some prospects in the problem of quantum irreversibility are discussed.展开更多
In order to achieve high-accuracy measurement of radius of curvature of optical sphere, ultra-high accuracy radius of curvature testing device is developed by dual-frequency laser interferometer and Fizeau interferome...In order to achieve high-accuracy measurement of radius of curvature of optical sphere, ultra-high accuracy radius of curvature testing device is developed by dual-frequency laser interferometer and Fizeau interferometer based on cat’s eye and confocal method. Through analyzing the error source models of radius of curvature testing, optical configuration of the testing device has been optimized. Precise environment control and real-time monitoring system is also established to reduce the errors caused by environment. Through the above processes, the radius of curvature measurement relative accuracy is better than 2 ppm. One optical sphere, R88.5 mm, test aperture 59 mm, has been tested. Testing result is 88499.465 ± 0.176 μm, meeting the design requirement. The method has high accuracy and practical advantages.展开更多
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an adjustable-free and movable Nd:YVO_(4)thin disk laser based on the telecentric cat’s eye cavity. We design a V-shaped laser cavity containing two reflectors with Nd:YVO_(4...In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an adjustable-free and movable Nd:YVO_(4)thin disk laser based on the telecentric cat’s eye cavity. We design a V-shaped laser cavity containing two reflectors with Nd:YVO_(4)thin disks as the gain medium.The experimental results from the traditional plane-plane cavity, plane-telecentric cat’s eye cavity, and double telecentric cat’s eye cavity are compared. They show that plane-telecentric cat’s eye cavity laser can keep operating at the adjustablefree range of -6° to +6°, which is up to 60 times better than that of traditional plane-plane cavity. In the double telecentric cat’s eye case, the adjustable-free range is improved to-13° to +13°. Additionally, in the case of the double telecentric cat’s eye cavity, the output telecentric cat’s eye can achieve free movement within the horizontal range of ±20 mm.展开更多
Maternal effects play a crucial role in regulating populations of small mammals and anti-predator behaviors of offspring.The present study investigated the effects of maternal stress induced by exposure to predator od...Maternal effects play a crucial role in regulating populations of small mammals and anti-predator behaviors of offspring.The present study investigated the effects of maternal stress induced by exposure to predator odors during gestation on the behavioral and physiological responses of offspring in Brandt’s vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii).Effects included changes in growth,behaviors,hormone levels in serum,and fosB/ΔfosB mRNA and FosB/ΔFosB protein expression in the hypothalamus.Our results showed that when pregnant voles were exposed to cat and rabbit urine odors for 18 days(1 h/day),the weight of the female offspring decreased;however,the thymus and ovary indices increased,compared with the control group.Male offspring of voles exposed to cat odor spent more time exploring and foraging,and showed a decrease in corticosterone(CORT)compared with voles in the control group.Both fosB/ΔfosB mRNA and FosB/ΔFosB protein expressions were downregulated in the hypothalamus of male offspring in the cat odor-exposed group compared to that in offspring in the control group.However,the mRNA levels of fosB/ΔfosB in the hypothalamus of female offspring did not decrease in response to cat urine odor.Our findings suggested that maternal stress induced by predator odors during gestation restrained the growth of female offspring and increased the duration of exploring and foraging behaviors of male offspring by regulating the HPA axis,which,in turn,reduced the sensitivity of offspring to unfamiliar environments and increased their probability of becoming prey.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61471039)
文摘Optoelectronic imaging equipment is easy to expose to active laser detection devices because of ＂cat eye＂ effect. In this paper, we propose a new structure of optical system to reduce the retroreflector effect of a cat eye target. Decentered field lens structure is adopted in the design without sacrificing imaging quality and clear aperture. An imaging system with±30° field of view is taken for example. The detailed design and simulation results are presented. The results indicate that this kind of optical system can reduce the retroreflection signal substantially and maintain acceptable imaging performance.
文摘Northrop Frye' s four narrative forms:romance,tragedy,irony,and comedy can help explain the problematic structure of Margaret Atwood' s novel Cat' s Eye,in which the narrative,as well as certain other literary features,indicates that it is essentially a come dy - a story of how a hero forms a desirable new society in the face of strong opposition.But this comedy is also ironic.
文摘Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.
文摘The article describes 6 types of gemstones which show phenomena such as chatoyancy and asterism.The gemstones have not been described before,either because they come from new sources,or because the phenomenon has not been seen before in the type of gemstone described.Gems from the new sources are star garnet from the Karelia Province in Russia,and star garnet from the Jiangsu Province in China.Grandidierite usually does not show a cat’s eye effect,but the two described samples display a weak cat’s eye.An unusual white quartz from Brazil with a sharp cat’s eye is described,as well as a star sapphire with two differently coloured stars on each side of the cabochon,as well as a trapiche-type quartz.The stones were tested with gemmological,microscopic,and advanced techniques and the results are presented.
文摘Review of the irreversibility problem in modern physics with new researches is given. Some characteristics of the Markov chains are specified and the important property of monotonicity of a probability is formulated. Using one thin inequality, the behavior of relative entropy in the classical case is considered. Further we pass to studying of the irreversibility phenomena in quantum problems. By new method is received the Lindblad’s equation and its physical essence is explained. Deep analogy between the classical Markov processes and development described by the Lindblad’s equation is conducted. Using method of comparison of the Lind-blad’s equation with the linear Langevin equation we receive a system of differential equations, which are more general, than the Caldeira-Leggett equation. Here we consider quantum systems without inverse influ-ence on a surrounding background with high temperature. Quantum diffusion of a single particle is consid-ered and possible ways of the permission of the Schr?dinger’s cat paradox and the role of an external world for the phenomena with quantum irreversibility are discussed. In spite of previous opinion we conclude that in the equilibrium environment is not necessary to postulate the processes with collapses of wave functions. Besides, we draw attention to the fact that the Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation does not always mean the restriction is usually the product of the average values of commuting variables. At last, some prospects in the problem of quantum irreversibility are discussed.
文摘In order to achieve high-accuracy measurement of radius of curvature of optical sphere, ultra-high accuracy radius of curvature testing device is developed by dual-frequency laser interferometer and Fizeau interferometer based on cat’s eye and confocal method. Through analyzing the error source models of radius of curvature testing, optical configuration of the testing device has been optimized. Precise environment control and real-time monitoring system is also established to reduce the errors caused by environment. Through the above processes, the radius of curvature measurement relative accuracy is better than 2 ppm. One optical sphere, R88.5 mm, test aperture 59 mm, has been tested. Testing result is 88499.465 ± 0.176 μm, meeting the design requirement. The method has high accuracy and practical advantages.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61775223 and 11974367)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB1603)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Project(No.19142202500)。
文摘In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an adjustable-free and movable Nd:YVO_(4)thin disk laser based on the telecentric cat’s eye cavity. We design a V-shaped laser cavity containing two reflectors with Nd:YVO_(4)thin disks as the gain medium.The experimental results from the traditional plane-plane cavity, plane-telecentric cat’s eye cavity, and double telecentric cat’s eye cavity are compared. They show that plane-telecentric cat’s eye cavity laser can keep operating at the adjustablefree range of -6° to +6°, which is up to 60 times better than that of traditional plane-plane cavity. In the double telecentric cat’s eye case, the adjustable-free range is improved to-13° to +13°. Additionally, in the case of the double telecentric cat’s eye cavity, the output telecentric cat’s eye can achieve free movement within the horizontal range of ±20 mm.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770422 and No.31370415)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Maternal effects play a crucial role in regulating populations of small mammals and anti-predator behaviors of offspring.The present study investigated the effects of maternal stress induced by exposure to predator odors during gestation on the behavioral and physiological responses of offspring in Brandt’s vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii).Effects included changes in growth,behaviors,hormone levels in serum,and fosB/ΔfosB mRNA and FosB/ΔFosB protein expression in the hypothalamus.Our results showed that when pregnant voles were exposed to cat and rabbit urine odors for 18 days(1 h/day),the weight of the female offspring decreased;however,the thymus and ovary indices increased,compared with the control group.Male offspring of voles exposed to cat odor spent more time exploring and foraging,and showed a decrease in corticosterone(CORT)compared with voles in the control group.Both fosB/ΔfosB mRNA and FosB/ΔFosB protein expressions were downregulated in the hypothalamus of male offspring in the cat odor-exposed group compared to that in offspring in the control group.However,the mRNA levels of fosB/ΔfosB in the hypothalamus of female offspring did not decrease in response to cat urine odor.Our findings suggested that maternal stress induced by predator odors during gestation restrained the growth of female offspring and increased the duration of exploring and foraging behaviors of male offspring by regulating the HPA axis,which,in turn,reduced the sensitivity of offspring to unfamiliar environments and increased their probability of becoming prey.
