A Subdivision-Based Combined Shape and Topology Optimization in Acoustics

We propose a combined shape and topology optimization approach in this research for 3D acoustics by using the isogeometric boundary element method with subdivision surfaces.The existing structural optimization methods mainly contain shape and topology schemes,with the former changing the surface geometric profile of the structure and the latter changing thematerial distribution topology or hole topology of the structure.In the present acoustic performance optimization,the coordinates of the control points in the subdivision surfaces fine mesh are selected as the shape design parameters of the structure,the artificial density of the sound absorbing material covered on the structure surface is set as the topology design parameter,and the combined topology and shape optimization approach is established through the sound field analysis of the subdivision surfaces boundary element method as a bridge.The topology and shape sensitivities of the approach are calculated using the adjoint variable method,which ensures the efficiency of the optimization.The geometric jaggedness and material distribution discontinuities that appear in the optimization process are overcome to a certain degree by the multiresolution method and solid isotropic material with penalization.Numerical examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the presented optimization approach.

A Combined Shape and Topology Optimization Based on Isogeometric Boundary Element Method for 3D Acoustics

A combined shape and topology optimization algorithm based on isogeometric boundary element method for 3D acoustics is developed in this study.The key treatment involves using adjoint variable method in shape sensitivity analysis with respect to non-uniform rational basis splines control points,and in topology sensitivity analysis with respect to the artificial densities of sound absorption material.OpenMP tool in Fortran code is adopted to improve the efficiency of analysis.To consider the features and efficiencies of the two types of optimization methods,this study adopts a combined iteration scheme for the optimization process to investigate the simultaneous change of geometry shape and distribution of material to achieve better noise control.Numerical examples,such as sound barrier,simple tank,and BeTSSi submarine,are performed to validate the advantage of combined optimization in noise reduction,and to demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for engineering problems.

Regression Analysis of a Kind of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers Based on a Shape Preserving Operator

Fuzzy regression provides more approaches for us to deal with imprecise or vague problems. Traditional fuzzy regression is established on triangular fuzzy numbers, which can be represented by trapezoidal numbers. The independent variables, coefficients of independent variables and dependent variable in the regression model are fuzzy numbers in different times and TW, the shape preserving operator, is the only T-norm which induces a shape preserving multiplication of LL-type of fuzzy numbers. So, in this paper, we propose a new fuzzy regression model based on LL-type of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and TW. Firstly, we introduce the basic fuzzy set theories, the basic arithmetic propositions of the shape preserving operator and a new distance measure between trapezoidal numbers. Secondly, we investigate the specific model algorithms for FIFCFO model (fuzzy input-fuzzy coefficient-fuzzy output model) and introduce three advantages of fit criteria, Error Index, Similarity Measure and Distance Criterion. Thirdly, we use a design set and two reference sets to make a comparison between our proposed model and the reference models and determine their goodness with the above three criteria. Finally, we draw the conclusion that our proposed model is reasonable and has better prediction accuracy, but short of robust, comparing to the reference models by the three goodness of fit criteria. So, we can expand our traditional fuzzy regression model to our proposed new model.

Selection of shaped charges parameters for producing aluminum particles with velocities in the range of 2.5-16 km/s

Testing rocket and space technology objects in ground conditions for resistance to the impact of meteoroids and fragments of space debris can be carried out using shaped charges. To substantiate the design parameters of shaped charges that ensure the formation of aluminum particles in a wide velocity range(from 2.5 to 16 km/s), numerical modeling of the formation process was carried out within the framework of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem of continuum mechanics using three different computing codes to increase the reliability of the results. The calculations consider shaped charges with a diameter of 20-100 mm with aluminum liners of various shapes. It is shown that the formation of particles with velocities close to the lower limit of the considered range is ensured by gently sloping segmental liners of degressive thickness. To form higher-velocity particles with velocities over 5 km/s, it is proposed to use combined liners, the jet-forming part of which has the shape of a hemisphere of constant thickness or the shape of a semi-ellipsoid or semi-superellipsoid of rotation of degressive thickness.

基于shape context的指纹图像识别研究

针对智能身份管理系统中的指纹图像识别问题,提出了一种在形状上下文特征提取算法的前提下,基于多种现有度量算法相结合的联合度量策略的图像识别机制。首先,描述了基于形状上下文的指纹图像的特征提取过程;其次,在分析现行图像识别方法的基础上,提出了基于经典的欧式距离度量算法和TPS薄板样条法进行的联合度量策略的总体思路;而后讨论了基于联合度量策略机制的识别算法在图像识别中的可行性及识别精度,其识别率达到87.5%,并具备较高的稳定性;最后,将该算法应用在实际的指纹图像的识别系统中,指纹图像识别率达到82.5%,实验结果表明所提出的方法是有效的。

Combined stress waves with phase transition in thin-walled tubes

The incremental constitutive relation and governing equations with combined stresses for phase transition wave propagation in a thin-walled tube are established based on the phase transition criterion considering both the hydrostatic pressure and the deviatoric stress. It is found that the centers of the initial and subsequent phase transition ellipses are shifted along the sigma-axis in the sigma tau-plane due to the tension-compression asymmetry induced by the hydrostatic pressure. The wave solution offers the 'fast' and 'slow' phase transition waves under combined longitudinal and torsional stresses in the phase transition region. The results show some new stress paths and wave structures in a thin-walled tube with phase transition, differing from those of conventional elastic-plastic materials.

Bio-inspired Actuating System for Swimming Using Shape Memory Alloy Composites

The paper addresses the designs of a caudal peduncle actuator, which is able to furnish a thrust for swimming of a robotic fish. The caudal peduncle actuator is based on concepts of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy （FSMA） composite and hybrid mechanism that can provide a fast response and a strong thrust. The caudal peduncle actuator was inspired by Scomber Scombrus which utilises thunniform mode swimming, which is the most efficient locomotion mode evolved in the aquatic environment, where the thrust is generated by the lift-based method, allowing high cruising speeds to be maintained for a long period of time. The morphology of an average size Scomber Scombrus （length in 310 mm） was investigated, and a 1：1 scale caudal peduncle actuator prototype was modelled and fabricated. The propulsive wave characteristics of the fish at steady speeds were employed as initial design objectives. Some key design parameters are investigated, i.e. aspect ratio （AR） （AR = 3.49）, Reynolds number （Re = 429 649）, reduced frequency （σ = 1.03）, Strouhal number （St = 0.306） and the maximum strain of the bent tail was estimated at ε = 1.11% which is in the range of superelasticity. The experimental test of the actuator was carried out in a water tank. By applying 7 V and 2.5 A, the actuator can reach the tip-to-tip rotational angle of 85° at 4 Hz.

An Equation of Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind

In this paper, We propose and prove the following equation, where {3^n} is a stirling number of the second kind, when n ≥ 3 is given.

Ultimate Load Capacity of Offshore Pipeline with Arbitrary Shape Corrosion Defects

A set of generalized solutions are proposed for estimating ultimate load capacity of pipeline with arbitrary corrosion shapes subjected to combined internal pressure, axial force and bending moment. Isotropic and anisotropic material characteristics in longitudinal and circumferential direction of pipeline are also considered in the proposed equations. Simplified numerical method is used to solve the generalized expressions. The comparisons of numerical results based generalized solutions and full-scale experimental results are carried out. The predicted results agree reasonably well with the experiment results. Meanwhile, the effects of corrosion shapes and locations on the ultimate load capacity are studied.

THE COMBINED HOUGH TRANSFORM

On the basis of researching the generalized Hough transform and its im-provements,this paper presents a combined Hough transform(CHT)for recognizing arbi-trary shapes.The combined Hough transform introduces the idea of the adaptive Houghtransform(AHT)into the double Hough transform(DHT).It not only maintains the de-sirable features of the DHT,but also improves the speed of execution and resistanceagainst disturbance,and reduces the memory requirements greatly.The CHT canaccurately recognize objects,partially occluded in complex background.Therefore,it ispossible to implement the CHT in real-time application.

基于标准离差-G1赋权和Z-Number-TOPSIS法的装配式建筑项目评标决策

科学的评标方法影响着装配式建筑市场的正常秩序和投资收益,为使评标决策更加合理,构建了基于标准离差-G1赋权和Z-Number-TOPSIS法的装配式建筑项目评标决策模型。研究从装配式建筑项目的特征和招标评标中的现存问题出发建立了适用于装配式建筑项目的评标指标体系;并通过标准离差和G1法的有机结合进行组合赋权,减轻了主、客观偏差影响;考虑到指标的模糊不确定性会给评标决策带来负作用,同时兼顾评标人认知结果的可靠性,引入了Z-Number模糊数概念,进而提出一种改进的TOPSIS评标模型。最后通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和稳定性,便于决策者掌握。

Terahertz shaping technology based on coherent beam combining

The generation of terahertz(THz) waves by focusing a femtosecond pulsed laser beam at a distance is able to overcome the strong absorption properties of air and has rapidly attracted the attention of industry. However, the poor directionality of the THz wave radiation generated by this method is not conducive to THz wave applications. By controlling the morphology of the ultrafast laser-excited plasma filament and its electron density distribution through coherent beam combining technology, we achieve direct THz beam shaping and are able to obtain THz wave radiation of Gaussian or arbitrary transverse distribution. The novel experimental approach proposed in this paper opens up the research field of direct THz wave shaping using plasma. Moreover, it innovates multi-parameter convergence algorithms and, by doing so, has the potential to find beam patterns with higher energy conversion efficiency and break the energy limit of THz waves emitted by lasers at high power.

Number Sequencing and Architecture

In Chinese, Mathematics is “数学”, i.e. Numbers （数） Knowledge （学）. Human identifies us ourselves from the whole one of the Universe by means of numbers, and numbers are equal object status identities, and numbers counting means repetition, i.e. the process or time dimension. Given a series of n numbers, a1 , a2 , … , an , n∈N, i.e. the n objects of status, and a general formula a（i） for ordering all of the number terms by i （i=1 to n） can be generated, which shows a process of counting, and from sequencing to progression, some properties are extracted.

Constitutive Laws for Visco-plastic Porous Medium Shaped by Regularly Distributed Circular Particles

A numerical study is presented,using a homogenization technique to consider the plain strain problem of visco-plastic porous medium shaped by regularly distributed circular particles. Based on a rigid plastic material,the paper derives the macroscopic constitutive laws for homogenous equivalent medium. By changing the shape parameter of circular particles,the effect of pore shape on macroscopic constitutive laws is explored. Yield surfaces with different pore shapes are obtained. About voids,a two-scale conception is introduced,which regards main void as macroscopic scale and secondary cavities as microscopic scale. The macroscopic potential involving main and secondary voids is achieved. The proposed macroscopic constitutive law taking microscopic features as influence factors is helpful for exploring the macroscopic mechanical properties of porous medium when numerical simulation is required.

Evaluation of the Coherent Combining Lasers Array by the Power in the Bucket of the Main Lobe Method

Coherent combination of laser beam is an important and challenging area of high power laser science. And how to evaluate the high power laser by coherent beam combination is a new research spot. Formulas for the radiated intensity distributions of coherent combined Gaussian beam array are derived via Fraunhofer scalar diffraction model by utilizing representations of the cross-spectral density of the far field. Effects of beam array numbers and separate distances etc. on far field radiated profiles are shown and analyzed. A new conception named power in the bucket of the main lobe (PIMm) is advanced to measure the beam quality of combined beams. This evaluation method is useful for efficiently determining the peak irradiance and power in the bucket for single emitting apertures of general shape.

Research on Matching Relationship Between Number of Initiation Points and Charge Diameter

For shaped charges,LS-DYNA software was adopted to explore the influence of number of initiation points on the penetrator formation numerically.Changed the number of initiation points from 4 to 36,the performance of penetrator under four different kinds of typical charge diameter was analyzed,and the effect of detonation wave pressure on the liner was discussed.The minimum number of initiation points to substitute for annular initiation was obtained for each of four warheads with different charge diameters,and the curve representing the relation between the number of initiation points and charge diameter was found out also by using polynomial fitting.The simulation result provides a reference for the design of multimode warhead.

基于DCS-惯性权重组合的柔性机械臂运动轨迹控制系统研究

为了有效调控机械臂运动幅度,避免柔性机械臂实际运动轨迹与目标轨迹发生较大的偏差,设计一种基于分散控制系统(DCS)-惯性权重组合的柔性机械臂运动轨迹控制系统,它是一个集合了计算机、通信、显示和控制的计算机系统,该系统由过程控制和过程监控。通过DCS算法控制监测对象行为幅度并计算柔性机械臂惯性权重,利用DCS-惯性权重组合求解素数控制指标的具体数值,实现了对柔性机械臂运动轨迹控制系统的软件设计。实验结果表明,DCS-惯性权重组合算法作用下的机械臂末端坐标在横轴、纵轴、空间轴方向上的运动幅值均可以被控制在10个单位长度之内,并且在0.52 s内进入机械臂运动轨迹最佳控制状态,运动轨迹差值最大仅为0.01 rad,验证了该系统具备可行性和有效性。

基于联系数投影的三角模糊数组合预测模型及其应用

在模糊预测中,三角模糊数比区间数更能准确刻画不确定信息。针对三角模糊数组合预测,本文首先引入集对分析中联系数,找出三角模糊数与三元联系数的转换关系,巧妙回避三角模糊数组合预测运算的模糊性和复杂性。其次定义三元联系数运算规则,构建联系数投影作为最优准则,建立联系数投影的定权系数三角模糊数组合预测模型。然后依据高精度预测方法应赋予较大权系数的原则,构建联系数广义诱导有序加权平均(CNGIOWA)算子,研究其性质定理,再结合联系数投影的最优准则,建立基于联系数投影和CNGIOWA算子的变权系数三角模糊数组合预测模型。最后将两类三角模糊数组合预测模型应用到模糊预测实证分析中,结果显示两类组合预测模型都能有效提高预测准确性。

基于博弈论与改进CRITIC-AHP的配电网线路脆弱性评估

针对现有配电网线路脆弱性评估指标单一的问题,从配电网结构、运行状态和故障影响等三个方面出发,全面考虑网络拓扑结构、负荷类型、潮流分布、设备参数和线路故障等影响因素,提出了改进的线路介数、改进的线路度数、线路电压稳定性和线路潮流熵等脆弱性评估指标。为解决权重分配过程中出现的权重偏好问题,提出基于博弈论与改进CRITIC-AHP组合赋权法的综合评价模型。最后,通过在IEEE33节点系统上进行仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。

全尺寸圆锥-球缺组合药型罩聚能战斗部毁伤试验

为提升聚能战斗部毁伤性能,基于圆锥-球缺组合药型罩战斗部的起爆机理,设计并加工一种全尺寸圆锥-球缺组合药型罩聚能战斗部及含水夹层结构靶板,进行战斗部对靶板的水下爆炸毁伤试验。试验结果表明:该聚能战斗部能够完全穿透10 mm非耐压壳体+1000 mm中间水层+40 mm耐压壳体靶板的含水夹层结构靶板,并对后效靶板的穿甲深度达到130 mm以上。该组合药型罩结构有利于提升战斗部对含水夹层目标的毁伤效果,对于提升战斗部威力提供了有效的途径。