Exploring groundwater quality in semi-arid areas of Algeria:Impacts on potable water supply and agricultural sustainability

Groundwater quality assessment is important to assure safe and durable water use.In semi-arid areas of Algeria,groundwater represents the main water resource for drinking water supply of the rural population as well as for irrigation of agricultural lands.Groundwater samples from wells and springs were collected from the Gargaat Tarf and Annk Djemel sub-watersheds of the Oum El Bouaghi,Algeria,and were analyzed and compared with the World Health Organization(WHO)standards.Results showed that most of the measured physical and chemical parameters exceeded the quality limits according to the WHO standards.Groundwater had a slightly alkaline water pH(7.00-7.79),electrical conductivity>1500μS/cm,chloride>500 mg/L,calcium>250 mg/L,and magnesium>155 mg/L.Water quality index(WQI)results showed that 68%of the area had excellent water quality,24%of the samples fell into good category,and only 8%were of poor quality and unsuitable for human consumption.Six wells in the area showed bacterial contamination.Total coliforms(453.9(±180.3)CFU(colony-forming units)/100 mL),fecal coliforms(243.2(±99.2)CFU/100 mL),and fecal streptococci(77.9(±32.0)CFU/100 mL)loads were above the standard limits set by the WHO.These results confirmed that water resources in the study area were strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities and were not recommended for consumption as drinking water.

Assessment of Agricultural Soil Quality Indices Using Mechanistic Models

Assessing soil quality is a critical strategy for diagnosing soil status and anticipating concerns in land use systems for agricultural sustainability. In this study, two soil quality assessment indices, the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and Nemoro Quality Index (NQI), were employed using two indicator selection methods: Total Data Set (TDS) and Minimum Data Set (MDS), focusing on agricultural fields in Golestan province, Iran. A total of 89 soil samples were collected and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and plant-essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract MDS from TDS, and geostatistical adaptation and correlation analyses were performed to determine the optimal soil quality evaluation index. Our results show that the exponential model better suits the spatial structure of soil quality indicators (IQIMDS: 0.955). Conformity and correlation analyses indicate that the IQI index outperformed the NQI index in estimating soil quality. The superiority of the TDS technique over the MDS technique in terms of accuracy (IQITDSs kappa: 0.155). Linear relationships between different methods showed a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.43) through the application of IQI. This study suggests the use of IQIMDS to provide a reliable measurement that is particularly useful in assessing the quality of agricultural soil.

Transcultural adaptation of Odia version of health-related kidney disease and quality of life-36 instrument

Objective:The study objective was to translate,validate,and test the reliability of the original kidney disease and quality of life-36(KDQOL-36^(TM))instruments in Odia.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling technique was used.According to RAND Corporation guidelines,initially,the items of the KDQOL-36^(TM)questionnaires were translated into Odia by two independent,bilingual,professional translators,and then back-translated to English,followed by tryout and field testing.The experts validated the KDQOL-36^(TM)instrument review committee for review related to kidney health conditions.The tool was implemented among 180 patients undergoing“maintenance”hemodialysis.The following tests evaluated reliability and validity:test-retest reliability with Cronbach’s alpha correlation(stability),(reliability)internal consistency,and contents validity index.Results:The Cronbach’s alpha value and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)score of all five domains,namely“physical component summary,mental component summary(MCS),the burden of kidney disease,symptoms and problems of kidney disease,and effects of kidney disease”of both KDQOL-36^(TM)English and Odia(KDQOL-36-E^(TM)and KDQOL-36-O^(TM))version,recommended excellent homogeneity.A high positive correlation(r=0.998)was found between the Odia version of KDQOL-36^(TM)and the English version KDQOL-36^(TM)questionnaire.The ICC score ranges from 0.889 to 0.997 at a 95%confidence interval for test-retest reliability,and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.832.Conclusion:This study explores the Odia version of KDQOL-36^(TM)psychometric properties,depicted at an acceptable level of internal consistency.The KDQOL-36-O^(TM)instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the kidney disease-related quality of life in Odia-speaking hemodialysis patients.

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Landscape Quality in College Campus Based on AHP——A Case Study of Ya'an Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University in China

Through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP),landscape in college campus had been studied from three aspects which were humanization,communication atmosphere and visual effect of plant disposition.By taking the first and second campus of Sichuan Agricultural University (Ya'an) for example,their landscape qualities had been analyzed and compared.It had established AHP model of college campus landscape quality,designed questionnaire according to relevant established indexes and relation between indexes,and then launched questionnaire survey.After data statistics and chart analysis,based on survey of actual environment,it had obtained advantages and disadvantages of the first and second campus of Sichuan Agricultural University in terms of landscape quality,and studied landscape quality evaluation,so as to provide reference for college campus landscape design that could create appropriate communication environment and cater to psychological and behavior need of college students.

Design and Implementation of Traceability Management System of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Based on Domestic Basic Software of China

[Objective] To establish the traceability mechanism of agricultural products safety, and the application of promote domestic based software in the supervision area of agricultural products quality and safety. [Method] Through the analysis on the circulation characteristics of agricultural products, like fruits, vegetables, livestock and poultry, the agricultural products quality safety management and traceability query business component libraries were designed. Based on the run-time-supporting environment provided by domestic based software, traceability management system of agricultural products quality and safety was constructed. [Result] The traceability management system provided the information interaction and comprehensive management platform of agricultural product quality and safety based on domestic based software for the government, enterprises and consumers. [Conclusion] Through the application demonstration, the quality control and information traceability of full circulation of agricultural products was achieved effective and reliably, and the management level of agricultural products quality and safety was improved.

Development of Top-quality Tourism Corridor with Cultural Heritage of Emperor's Tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as Theme Experience

Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.

A Comparative Study of Different Methods on Quality Assessment of Soil Environment Polluted by Zinc in Agricultural Production Areas——A Case Study in Shulan City of Jilin Province

[Objective] The aim was to explore evaluated precision on quality of soil environment polluted with zinc in agricultural production areas and to provide references for verification of production area.[Method] In Shulan City in Jilin Province,soils were sampled and analyzed in a laboratory using single-factor pollution index and GIS based spatial interpolation.The quality of environment polluted with zinc was assessed and related methods were compared according to Environment Quality Standard of Green Food Production Area.[Result] Spatial interpolation of zinc in soils based on GIS proved more precise than traditional methods;cokriging method with co-factors was higher in precision than common cokriging;cokriging method with zinc and organic matter was higher in precision than cokriging with zinc alone.[Conclusion] Quality assessment on environment polluted with zinc based on GIS interpolation is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods.

Thoughts on Establishment of the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety(Standards) Cooperation Center in Asia-Pacific Region

The establishment of agricultural products quality and safety cooperation mechanism and the research demonstration center in the Asia-Pacific reg coordinating each other, is not only of great ening cooperation with countries in Asia-Pacific region and for agricultural production safety of those countries in Asia- Pacific region, but also very necessary for our country to build a responsible image in the quality and safety of agricultural products, protection of the benefit of agriculture-related enterprises, increasing exports, ensuring imported food safety and China＇s national food security, as Well as nice exploration of establishing the global agricultural＇ products quality and safety cooperation center.

Natural Disaster Risk Monitoring for Immovable Cultural Relics Based on Digital Twin

Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.

Automatic Extraction Method of 3D Feature Guidelines for Complex Cultural Relic Surfaces Based on Point Cloud

Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduction is undoubtedly necessary for line drawings.However,most existing methods for artifact drawing rely on the principles of orthographic projection that always cannot avoid angle occlusion and data overlapping while the surface of cultural relics is complex.Therefore,conformal mapping was introduced as a dimensionality reduction way to compensate for the limitation of orthographic projection.Based on the given criteria for assessing surface complexity,this paper proposed a three-dimensional feature guideline extraction method for complex cultural relic surfaces.A 2D and 3D combined factor that measured the importance of points on describing surface features,vertex weight,was designed.Then the selection threshold for feature guideline extraction was determined based on the differences between vertex weight and shape index distributions.The feasibility and stability were verified through experiments conducted on real cultural relic surface data.Results demonstrated the ability of the method to address the challenges associated with the automatic generation of line drawings for complex surfaces.The extraction method and the obtained results will be useful for line graphic drawing,displaying and propaganda of cultural relics.

Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province were monitored to indicate the status of heavy metal contamination and assess environmental quality of agricultural soils. A total of 908 soil samples were collected from 38 counties in Zbejiang Province and eight heavy metal （Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni and As） concentrations had been evaluated in agricultural soil. It was found 775 samples were unpolluted and 133 samples were slightly polluted and more respectively, that is approximately 14.65% agricultural soil samples had the heavy metal concentration above the threshold level in this province by means of Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution index method according to the second grade of Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of China （GB15618- 1995）. Contamination of Cd was the highest, followed by Ni, As and Zn were lower correspondingly. Moreover, Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to make an assessment map of soil environmental quality based on the Nemerow＇s pollution index and the soil environmental quality was categorized into five grades. Moreover, ten indices were calculated as input parameters for principal component analysis （PCA） and the principal components （PCs） were created to compare environmental quality of different soils and regions. The results revealed that environmental quality of tea soils was better than that of paddy soils, vegetable soils and fruit soils. This study indicated that GIS combined with multivariate statistical approaches proved to be effective and powerful tool in the mapping of soil contamination distribution and the assessment of soil environmental quality on provincial scale, which is beneficial to environmental protection and management decision-making by local government.

Groundwater quality and land use change in a typical karst agricultural region:a case study of Xiaojiang watershed,Yunnan

Taking the typical karst agricultural region, Xiaojiang watershed in Luxi of Yurman Province as a research unit, utilizing the groundwater quality data in 1982 and 2004, the aerial photos in 1982 and TM images in 2004, supported by the GIS, we probe into the law and the reason of its space-time change of the groundwater quality over the past 22 years in the paper. The results show： （1） There were obvious temporal and spatial changes of groundwater quality during the past 22 years. （2） Concentrations of NH4^＋, SO4^2- , NO3, NO2^-, Cl^- and the pH value, total hardness, total alkalinity increased significantly, in which NH4^2-, NO3, and NO2^- of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standards as a result of non-point pollution caused by the expansion of cultivated land and mass use of the fertilizer and pesticide. （3） Oppositely, Ca^2＋ and HCO3^- showed an obvious decline trend due to forest reduction and degradation and stony desertification. Meantime, there was a dynamic relation between the groundwater quality change and the land use change.

Between the City and Images:An Analysis of Mainstream Media’s Paths of Constructing the Cultural Memory of a City:Taking Chengdu Radio and Television’s“Hi Chengdu”as an Example

Mainstream media play a crucial role in constructing the cultural memory of a city.This study used 319 short videos released by“Hi Chengdu,”a new media product of Chengdu Radio and Television,as samples.Based on the grounded theory,a research framework encompassing“content,technology,and discourse”was established to explore the paths through which mainstream media construct the cultural memory.Regarding content,this paper emphasized temporal and spatial contexts and urban spaces,delving deep into the themes of the cultural memory and vehicles for it.In terms of technology,this paper discussed the practice of leveraging audio/visual-mode discourse to stitch together the impressions of a city and evoke emotional resonance to create a“flow”of memory.As for discourse,this paper looked at the performance of a communication ritual to frame concepts and shape urban identity.It is essential to break free from conventional thinking and leverage local culture as the primary driving force to further boost a city’s productivity,in order to excel in cultural communication.

Analysis of Supply Chain Model of Agricultural Products and Quality Safety——A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province

This paper analyses the supply chain models of four types of agricultural products,namely fruits and vegetables,poultry,aquatic products and dairy,and the food safety problems arising from the links of supply chain.In view of different models,corresponding suggestions are put forward to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural Uses in the Oshnavieh Area, Northwest of Iran

The Oshnavieh plain is part of the West Azarbaijan province, which is located;100 km south of Urmia City, northwestern of Iran, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation purposes. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in study area, 31 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3, CO3, SO4, NO3, NH3, PO4, Fe, F were determined. Chemical index like percentage of sodium, sodium ad-sorption ratio, and residual sodium carbonated, permeability index (PI) and chloroalkaline indices were calculated. Based on the analytical results, groundwater in the area is generally fresh and hard to very hard. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: HCO3 > SO4 > Cl and Ca > Mg > Na > K. The dominant hydrochemical facieses of groundwater is Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. According to Gibbs diagrams samples fall in the rock dominance field and the chemical quality of groundwater is related to the lithology of the area. The results of calculation saturation index by computer pro-gram PHREEQC shows that the nearly all of the water samples were saturated to undersaturated with respect to carbon-ate minerals and undersaturated with respect to sulfate minerals. Assessment of water samples from various methods in-dicated that groundwater in study area is chemically suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. Fluoride and nitrate are within the permissible limits for human consumption and crops as per the international standards.

Genome Editing as A Versatile Tool to Improve Horticultural Crop Qualities

The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.

Investigating the Creation of Cultural Atmospheres in Physical Bookstores Within the Context of Scene-Based Consumption:A Perspective Based on the Ways of Seeing

In an era of scene-based consumption,the essence of operating a bookstore lies in accepting and enabling the bookstore to play its role as a cultural medium for browsing and appreciating books,which in turn fosters the development of a distinctive bookstore culture.This new type of consumption context has led to an evolution in the book-reading culture in physical bookstores that is characterized by a shift from a paradigm of passive reading to one where the emphasis is on interactive viewing.This transition has laid the foundation for the creation of cultural atmospheres in bookstores,and it highlights the visual interactions that now exist between readers and books as well as with other related cultural industries.The dominant and fundamental logic behind this process is symbiosis,experience,aesthetics,immersion,and creativity.However,when a form of culture that focuses on consumption-oriented browsing begins to overshadow knowledge acquisition during the process of book reading,the cultural essence of bookstores is likely to be diminished.Therefore,the cultural essence within the scene-based consumption context should be enhanced by creating innovative viewing activities that showcase the cultural and emotional implications inherent in the scene itself,and thus help to align the identity of the bookstore with its in-situ cultural space.

Facial aesthetics is shaped not only by genetic predispositions but also by the cultural norms and values

The positioning of teeth is of significant importance,both in terms of function and aesthetics.Aesthetics is a subjective matter,and there is often a discrepancy between the perceptions of patients and those of medical professionals.The act of wearing a mask has been demonstrated to impair the ability to evaluate facial attractiveness,thereby reaffirming the visual importance of the oral cavity in the context of facial aesthetics.The notion that a face perceived as beautiful is inherently exceptional is a fallacy.An average face is defined as one that exhibits characteristics that are common to the group.However,cultural mutations occur at a faster rate than genetic mutations.With regard to changes in facial aesthetics,cultural differences have a more immediate effect than genetic mutations.The advent of the internet meme may herald the advent of an era in which the average face that defines a beautiful face is determined by the internet.

Impacts of Pig Manure-Based Liquid Fertilizer Agricultural Application on the Water Quality of Agricultural Catchment

This study was conducted to understand the effect of the livestock liquid fertilizer treatment at field-scale up to catchment-scale on the water quality properties. Cultivated paddy rice and upland plots located in Gyeonggi province, Korea were treated with two different liquid fertilizers, SP (Liquid fertilizer with storage process) and SCB (Liquid fertilizer with slurry composting and bio-filtration process). Plots with no fertilizer (control A) and chemical fertilizer (control B) were also prepared for comparison. Water quantity and quality were monitored at the catchment outlet for assessing the effect on water quality of stream water. As a result, the losses of N and P and the values of EC (Electronic Conductivity) in the surface drainage water from paddy rice plots treated with SP and SCB were higher than those from the control plots (A and B). In addition, the losses of N and P by the runoff water from upland plots with SP and SCB treatment were higher than those from control plots (A and B). The nutrient outflow from paddy rice fields and uplands with application of liquid pig manure was higher than those from the control plots (A and B). Particularly, the outflow from uplands may directly affect the water quality in neighboring streams. This caused the major eutrophication problem in stream water. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish the proper management practices to prevent the nutrient losses from agricultural fields and the pollutants against water environments.

Analysis of the Reform of Ideological and Political Education in College English Curriculum from the Perspective of“Cultural Confidence”

With the rapid development of the education industry,higher requirements have been put forward for college English education and teaching,accelerating the pace of college English reform.Issues such as how to integrate knowledge transmission,language expression skill improvement,cultural element extraction,and ideological and political education,and present the role of curriculum education function have attracted attention.In the era of informatization,college students’thinking has undergone certain changes and gradually developed towards diversification.Therefore,universities should start from the perspective of cultural confidence,extract valuable ideological and political elements,and explore effective tourism ideological and political teaching methods.While helping college students enhance their cultural confidence,it is also beneficial for them to better inherit traditional Chinese culture.This article conducts an in-depth exploration of ideological and political education in college English courses from the perspective of“cultural confidence”and uses scientific and effective measures to solve the problems encountered,aiming to provide valuable guidelines for relevant researchers.