谈谈“Dog”在英语习语中的广泛应用

英语中有许多关于狗的习语,其数目比汉语中多,表达的意义与汉语中也不尽相同。例如,中文里与狗有关的习语多有贬意,而英语中则不然。在翻译这些习语时要考虑文化因素,采取直译、形象转换及意译等多种翻译形式,以达到对原文准确传译的目的。

从“dog”一词看中西方语言所承载的文化差异

文章列举了“狗”一词在汉语和英语中的不同文化内涵和用法，从而提出了中西方文化背景的差异性，最后指出，要学好一门外语，不但要了解、掌握语言的一些基本技能，而且要了解不同语言所承载的不同的文化。

“Dog”在英汉成语中的形象比较

英汉两种语言中以"狗"设喻的成语很多,而其意义又不尽相同。本文分析比较了"Dog"在汉译英或英译汉的成语中的形象。

概念隐喻下“狗(犬)”和“dog”认知语义对比研究

基于对狗的充分认识,将狗的形象、动作、习性映射于人类生活的多方面,实现具体概念域"最早驯化的犬科动物"向其它抽象概念域的映射,"狗"词具有了更多与之有"关联"的新概念,产生了丰富的语义。相似的隐喻路径使"狗(犬)"和"dog"产生了相似的认知语义,且产生了相似的隐喻结果--语义均呈中性和贬义色彩。文化习俗的差异,使二者的认知语义也呈现一些不同,但总体共性大于个性。依托共性可以有效地促进外语学习与跨文化交流。

A Comparative Study on “Dog” Cultures in English and Chinese

Both English and Chinese are rich in "dog" cultures. In order to learn English well and communicate successfully with foreigners in cross-cultural communication, it is necessary to make a comparative study on "dog" cultures in both languages. This thesis makes a com parative study on two language-speaking people's attitudes and feelings toward dog, histories, customs and stories about dog in both Eng lish and Chinese cultures .Through the comparative study, the thesis reveals the differences and similarities of "dog" cultures in both lan guages.

Efficacy of 1% Permethrin and 2% Permethrin Combined with 1% Piperonyl Butoxide against Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in Naturally Infested Dogs

The aim of the present study was to compare the ixodicide efficacy of 1% permethrin applied as a shampoo-bath in single treatment and a combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder in a single treatment against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, in naturally infested dogs. Eighteen adult cross-mixed dogs, harboring to at least 20 ticks/animal, were selected on pre-treatment live tick counts. On day 0, the dogs were then divided in 3 groups of 6 animals each, for treatment: Group 1 (G1) received 1% permethrin applied as shampoo-bath (approximately 10 ml/kg bw), according to label instructions. G2 was treated with 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder, and rubbed as massage on the body, as recommended by the producer. G3 served as a non-treated control. After the treatment, the dogs were checked out for live ticks counting on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. The ixodicide efficacy was assessed based on the percentage reductions of ticks on the days analyzed post-treatment, with respect to the untreated control. Results showed that permethrin alone removed ticks on 81%, 93.1% and 89.6% for days 1, 7 and 14, respectively. The combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide exerted a better efficacy of 98.8, 97.7 and 97.0%, respectively. It is concluded that this combined formulation was highly effective at rapidly repelling and killing Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks on naturally infected dogs, showing a significant effect on days 1, 7 and 14 after tick exposure. The sustained high and quick level of efficacy of this combination may well interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks. It is concluded that the sustained high level of efficacy of the permethrin + piperonyl butoxide combination may well exert an additive effect and could interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks.

狂犬病毒GSQY-Dog-China-2013株全基因组序列测定和遗传进化分析

为了全面分析我国狂犬病病毒遗传进化情况,本试验使用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法将狂犬病病毒GSQY-Dog-China-2013分为10个片段进行扩增,回收目的片段并与pMD20-T simple载体连接,转化JM109感受态细胞,挑取阳性克隆进行测序;使用DNASTAR软件中的Edit Seq通过拼接相邻片段之间的重叠序列获得GSQY-Dog-China-2013全基因组序列,构建系统进化树进行遗传进化分析。结果显示,GSQY-Dog-China-2013全长11924核苷酸(nt),包含5个开放阅读框,分别编码核蛋白(N)、磷蛋白(P)、基质蛋白(M)、糖蛋白(G)和转录大蛋白(L);基于全基因组序列的进化树分析显示,GSQY-Dog-China-2013株和国内分离株形成一个分支,在国内分离株中与SXYL15株和SXBJ15株形成一个分支,亲缘关系最接近,提示GSQY-Dog-China-2013可能源自我国陕西省。本试验系甘肃省首次报道狂犬病病毒全基因组序列,进一步丰富了我国狂犬病病毒遗传进化数据,为狂犬病全面防治以及疫苗研发提供了数据支持。

Impact of Fluorescent Light Energy on the Quality of Life of Dogs with Dermatologic Disease and Their Owners

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is a term used to evaluate general well-being, and it is defined as ‘the degree to which an individual enjoys his or her life. Within the realm of medicine, the evaluation of QoL frequently involves examining how disease exerts a detrimental impact, diminishing the enjoyment and fulfilment experienced by the individual. Dermatological diseases have been found to exert a substantial negative influence on the QoL of dogs and their owners due to nuisance and stress related to the disease but also due to the caregiver burden. In the management of bacterial skin infections, topical therapy is commonly administered alongside systemic antibiotics. Nonetheless, the protracted duration of treatment and difficulties in ensuring owner compliance can introduce a significant caregiver burden, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with these conditions. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact on the quality of life (QoL) of dogs with dermatologic diseases after fluorescent light energy (FLE) treatment. Methods: The study was an open, prospective, multicentric clinical trial that included dogs with various dermatological conditions. The dogs received FLE treatment once weekly until the clinical resolution was achieved. Owners completed a validated questionnaire to assess the QoL of their dogs before and after therapy. Results: Thirty-five dogs with deep pyoderma, interdigital furunculosis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, wounds and perianal fistulas were included. All dogs received two sessions of fluorescent light energy once a week. Median treatment duration was 9 weeks for perianal fistula, 7 weeks for interdigital furunculosis, 5 weeks for deep pyoderma, 3 weeks for wounds and 1.5 weeks for pyotraumatic dermatitis. Complete remission was noted in 86% of dogs, and 14% showed an improvement but partial remission. The majority of owners reported a positive impact on their dogs’ QoL after therapy, and 74% of the dogs showed at least a 50% reduction in QoL scores. Conclusion: Fluorescent light energy has been shown to exert beneficial effects on the healing of dermatological diseases and the quality of life (QoL) in dogs and their owners, whether used as a standalone treatment or in combination with standard care therapies. Additionally, it was well-tolerated by the dogs. This study emphasizes the significance of considering both the owner’s and dog’s QoL when evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of dermatological treatments.

Therapeutic Effects of an Alpha-Casozepine and White Fish Muscle Hydrolyzed Complementary Feed on Canine Separation-Related Disorders and Quality of Life of Dogs and Their Pet Owners

Background: Separation-related disorders are prevalent in dogs and can result in problem behaviours such as inappropriate elimination, destructive behaviour, and distress vocalizations which occur when an owner is absent or perceived as absent. Numerous natural products are marketed for managing anxiety in dogs;however, few, if any, of these products have documented evidence of efficacy in veterinary behaviour. Purpose: This open, multicentric clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a new supplement containing alpha-casozepine and fish muscle hydrolysate on the separation-related problem in dogs and the impact on the quality of life of dogs and their pet owners. Material and Methods: Fifty-one dogs with clinical signs compatible with separation-related problems were included. The dogs were treated with a complementary feed (Zylkene Plus, Vetoquinol, France) for 30 days. Separation-related behaviour assessment (SRP), emotional disorders assessment (EDED) and the quality of life (QoL) of the pets and their pet owner were assessed at baseline and the end of the study by the veterinarians. In addition, owners were asked to rate their dog’s SRP weekly after enrolment using the same questionnaire that the veterinarian used at the beginning of the study. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in the SRP, EDED, and QoL scores (P Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis that the combination of alpha-casozepine and fish muscle hydrolysate is a promising and effective option to reduce the frequency and severity of separation-related behaviour in dogs and improve the quality of dogs and their owners.

基于蛋白质组学技术的乌苏里貉高繁殖性状相关蛋白的筛选

为了筛选与繁殖性能相关的显著差异表达蛋白及信号通路,试验采用TMT(tandem mass tag)标记蛋白定量技术与生物信息学分析方法,对高产(产仔数在11只以上)与低产(产仔数在7只以下)乌苏里貉卵巢组织进行差异表达蛋白筛选,GO功能注释、KEGG信号通路富集分析。结果表明:在乌苏里貉卵巢组织中共鉴定到4915种蛋白,其中372种为显著差异表达蛋白(P≤0.05,差异倍数≥1.2或≤0.83),上调307种,下调65种。差异表达蛋白主要参与了羧酸代谢过程、胞内氨基酸代谢过程、转录起始、胞内脂代谢过程、磷脂代谢过程、GTP生物合成过程、UTP生物合成过程、CTP生物合成过程等生物学过程,主要参与了组氨酸代谢、氨酰-tRNA生物合成、N-聚糖生物合成、β-丙氨酸新陈代谢、PI3K-Akt信号通路、mTOR信号通路等16条信号通路;有11种差异表达蛋白与卵泡发育和排卵相关。蛋白网络互作分析获得10种核心蛋白,参与了蛋白折叠和蛋白合成。说明试验筛选到的显著差异表达蛋白可能与乌苏里貉的产仔数相关。

1株犬源多重耐药粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及其致病性分析

[目的]明确1例犬泌尿生殖道感染的发病原因。[方法]无菌采集病犬尿液,通过细菌分离纯化、革兰染色镜检、生化试验、16S rRNA基因扩增进行鉴定,同时经药敏试验、毒力基因和耐药基因检测及细菌致病性试验测定纯化菌株的生物学特征。[结果]分离得到1株兼性厌氧型革兰阳性球菌;菌落形态如针尖大小、表面光滑、半透明、圆形凸起、边缘整齐;生化鉴定结果显示,致病菌能发酵乳糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、精氨酸,不能发酵木糖、氧化酶、枸橼酸盐、棉籽糖和鸟氨酸脱羧酶;16S rRNA基因序列与已发表的粪肠球菌序列相似性高于99%,鉴定为粪肠球菌,并将其命名为EFGZ23GY01;药敏试验结果显示,分离株仅对万古霉素及氯霉素敏感,对新霉素中度敏感,对克林霉素等25种药物耐药;8种粪肠球菌毒力基因检测结果显示,分离株携带efaA、ace、asa 1及gelE毒力基因;14种耐药基因检测结果显示,分离株携带tetL、sulⅠ、tetC、bla TEM、bla OXA-23、aadA 1和sulⅢ耐药基因;致病性试验结果显示,5只小鼠注射菌液12 h后出现精神萎靡,被毛杂乱等症状,未出现死亡,48 h后死亡1只,表明分离菌对小鼠具有致病性。[结论]本研究成功从犬尿液种分离得到1株粪肠球菌,其携带多种毒力基因和耐药基因,且对小鼠有致病性,研究为病犬的后续治疗提供了参考。

两种卡洛芬注射液在犬体内的生物等效性试验

【目的】建立犬血浆中卡洛芬的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,比较两种以卡洛芬为活性成分的制剂在比格犬体内的药代动力学特征,以评价其生物等效性。【方法】24只健康比格犬随机分成2组,按单剂量、双周期和双序列的交叉设计,分别皮下注射4.4 mg/kg BW受试制剂和参比制剂RIMADYL,于给药前(0 h)和给药后0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、24、36、48和72 h从臂头静脉采血。对UPLC-MS/MS方法的特异性、线性、检测限、定量限、准确度、精密度、稳定性等进行考察。利用建立好的UPLC-MS/MS方法测定血浆中卡洛芬的浓度,并用WinNonlin 8.1软件对达峰时间(T_(max))、达峰浓度(C_(max))、消除半衰期(T_(1/2))、药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))等药代动力学参数进行分析,判定两制剂是否等效。【结果】建立的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法在10~5000 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))≥0.99;检测限和定量限分别为5和10 ng/mL;高、中、低、定量限4个浓度的相对回收率在91.45%~111.61%范围内,日内和日间变异系数均<15%。参比制剂和受试制剂的T_(max)分别为(2.27±1.09)和(2.33±1.10)h;C_(max)分别为(20.02±5.24)和(19.92±5.42)μg/mL;T_(1/2)分别为(8.54±3.71)和(8.65±2.64)h;AUC_(0-t)分别为(246.78±55.94)和(249.22±53.33)μg·h/mL。受试制剂与参比制剂的药时曲线相似,且受试制剂相比参比制剂,主要药动学参数C_(max)、AUC_(0-t)和AUC_(0-∞)的90%置信区间均在80.00%~125.00%之间。【结论】本试验建立的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法准确、可靠,可用于血浆中卡洛芬浓度的测定,卡洛芬的受试制剂与参比制剂RIMADYL具有生物等效性,临床上均可用于相关疾病的治疗,本试验结果可为卡洛芬兽医临床合理用药提供参考。

补充后生元对犬粪便特性、血清生化指标及粪便菌群的影响

研究旨在探讨后生元对宠物健康的影响。选择12只比格犬,根据体重和性别一致的原则,随机分成两组(A组和B组),每组6个重复,每个重复1只犬。研究采用交叉试验,比较了成年健康比格犬采食添加200 g/d后生元的日粮及对照日粮期间血清生化指标及粪便菌群的差异。结果显示,采食基础日粮的比格犬平均粪便评分为2.97,采食添加后生元日粮的比格犬平均粪便评分为2.54。与采食基础日粮相比,采食添加后生元日粮的犬血清甘油三酯含量下降了51.16%(P<0.05),胆固醇含量下降了29.92%(P<0.05),血清尿酸含量下降了11.43%(P<0.05)。与采食基础日粮相比,采食后生元日粮的犬血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1(IL-1)含量分别降低了7.85%、23.97%和29.54%(P<0.05)。后生元后可增加犬粪便中乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等有益菌的相对丰度,降低梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)和厌氧螺菌属(Anaerobiospirillum)等有害菌的相对丰度。研究表明,日粮中补充后生元能够改善犬的肠道健康。

三伏天联合三九天中药穴位敷贴治疗儿童肺气虚寒型常年性变应性鼻炎临床研究

目的探讨三伏天联合三九天中药穴位敷贴治疗儿童肺气虚寒型变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法选择选取2021年1月至2022年12月就诊的90例肺气虚寒型儿童变应性鼻炎患者,随机分为敷贴组、药物组和安慰组,每组30例。比较三组治疗前后的鼻部症状评分、鼻腔体征评分及总有效率。结果敷贴组鼻部症状、鼻腔体征评分均下降,且优于药物组及安慰组(P<0.05),敷贴组中医疗效总有效率显著高于药物组和安慰组(P<0.05)。结论三伏天联合三九天中药穴位敷贴可显著改善儿童肺气虚寒型变应性鼻炎症状,提高临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。

异形分流管热流道家族注塑模具设计

介绍了某款异形分流管零件热流道注塑模具的设计过程。模具设计中,首先,分析了注塑件的零件特征和生产要求,确定了模具的基本结构方案;再利用Moldflow软件分析模具注塑成型过程,预测零件的成型时间、翘曲变形量、熔接痕位置等,最终完成整套模具的设计。模具采用两板式热流道冷浇口注塑成型,浇口选择潜伏式点浇口形式,开模时自动拉断与注塑件分离;模具定模型腔设计了1个弹性脱模镶件,保证了开模时塑件紧贴型芯侧;模具分型面上共分布了5个侧抽芯滑块结构,由弯销导向并延时开模。对常用型弯销滑块机构进行了改进,将两段式弯销改进为三段式弯销,有效地避免了常用弯销滑块机构容易出现卡死和锁闭不紧的问题。模具经过实际生产验证可知,结构合理可靠,制备得到的零件尺寸精度满足设计要求。

西安地区犬子宫蓄脓临床特征研究与诊治

子宫蓄脓是一种母犬常见的子宫疾病,严重威胁犬的生命和健康。旨在通过检测品种、年龄、血常规和血液生化指标变化、临床病理剖检特征及治疗预后情况分析西安地区犬子宫蓄脓发病的临床特征。分析发现,统计病例中包含19个品种,其中迷你贵宾发病率最高,占17.74%。犬平均发病年龄为(8.2±2.3)岁,其中5~11岁发病最多。发病类型中开放型子宫蓄脓占61.29%,闭锁型占38.71%。19.35%病例并发多饮多尿的症状。血常规检测发现白细胞增多,平均值(38.15±21.22)×10^(9)/L;中性粒细胞增多,平均值为(34.24±21.81)×10^(9)/L。血常规检测结果发现部分病例中丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、尿素氮(urea nitrogen,UREA)、肌酐(creatinine,CRE)明显升高。治疗结果分析发现保守治疗复发率高,手术切除疗效较好。这些结果表明犬子宫蓄脓的发病情况与年龄、品种密切相关,血常规和血液生化指标的检测对于疾病的并发症预后有重要指示意义,手术切除是目前该病治疗的最优方法。

流浪动物慈善救助中的“远狗近猫”效应及其机制探析

已有的亲社会研究都在关注对人的慈善捐赠,关于流浪动物的慈善救助并未有人探讨。由于日常生活中流浪动物救助信息通常会同时呈现动物类型和空间距离,因此本文基于动物类型和空间距离之间的联结来探讨二者对流浪动物救助意愿的影响,以及其中的机制和边界条件。通过1个内隐联想测验、1个田野实验和7个不同情景的线上实验和实验室实验,本文发现:猫与近空间距离更匹配;狗与远空间距离更匹配(实验1a、1b)。因此,在近空间距离的情况下,呈现流浪猫(vs.流浪狗)引发人们对流浪动物的更高救助意愿;在远空间距离的情况下,呈现流浪狗(vs.流浪猫)引发人们对流浪动物的更高救助意愿(实验2、3、3S、4、4S、5);加工流畅性是内在中介(实验4、4S、5)。此外,思维模式会调节上述“远狗近猫”效应,也即该效应在基于情感的思维模式下存在但在基于理性的思维模式下消失(实验6)。理论层面,本文关注了流浪动物这一新颖的慈善捐赠对象,验证了动物类型和空间距离的内在联系。本文还识别出了流浪动物救助中的“远狗近猫”效应。实践层面,“远狗近猫”效应可以指导慈善组织和机构根据动物类型和空间距离的匹配来合理呈现救助信息。

干细胞因子在3例犬急性脊髓神经系统疾病治疗中的应用和体会

犬神经系统疾病常表现为突发性、复杂性和难治性的特点,给临床诊断与治疗带来很多困难。磁共振成像(MRI)检查具备良好的软组织对比效果,为神经系统疾病诊断提高了准确性。本文介绍了3例患有神经系统疾病的患犬病例,结合临床症状和X线或MRI影像学检查结果确诊其为椎间盘疾病并继发急性脊髓神经损伤。患犬经常规治疗效果不明显,后通过静脉输注干细胞因子,1支/d,连用3 d治疗,迅速取得理想的康复效果。由本文患犬治疗结果得出,干细胞因子在修复神经损伤方面有一定疗效。

武威市凉州区宠物犬主要体表寄生虫感染情况调查

以甘肃畜牧工程职业技术学院康尔贝宠物医院为平台,调查武威市凉州区宠物犬体表寄生虫的感染种类和感染率,为当地宠物犬体表寄生虫病的防治提供参考。对诊疗病例从犬只品种、性别、年龄以及是否驱虫等4个方面分类统计分析。结果显示:(1)泰迪犬的体表寄生虫感染率最高;(2)幼犬比成年犬的体表寄生虫感染率高;(3)螨是宠物犬感染的优势虫种;(4)定期驱虫可有效降低体表寄生虫病的感染率。研究认为,武威市凉州区宠物犬存在不同程度的体表寄生虫感染,需加强防控。