GOAL问卷和Epworth嗜睡量表联合筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的效能

目的检验GOAL问卷和Epworth嗜睡量表(Epworth sleeping scale,ESS)在筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)中联合应用的效能。方法从睡眠医学中心招募2958例参与者,完成夜间多导睡眠图监测和筛查问卷,包括GOAL、ESS、STOP-Bang问卷(SBQ)和NoSAS评分。评估每个量表的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断优势比(diagnostic odds ratio,DOR)和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。结果GOAL问卷在筛选OSA方面具有更高的敏感度和DOR(敏感度为0.831,DOR为3.72),优于STOP-Bang问卷和NoSAS评分。当GOAL问卷和ESS量表相结合时,特异度和DOR分别显著上升至0.894和4.22。GOAL问卷得分为3且ESS量表≥11分的参与者极有可能患有OSA,概率为0.96。结论GOAL问卷和ESS量表相结合具有优秀的诊断能力,可有效筛查OSA。对疑似OSA患者进行GOAL问卷后的第二阶段进行ESS量表筛查,可以提高预测准确性和早期诊断。

The coordinated evolution of ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt,using the Dual-Carbon Targets

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual-carbon)are important targets for the international response to climate change.The Silk Road Economic Belt is a strategic resource region and is important for future ecological environment and tourism development.Based on the“dual-carbon”targets,the Single index quantification,Multiple index synthesis,and Poly-criteria integration evaluation model were used in this study to measure the coordinated development index of the ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt and to analyze its spatial and temporal evolution.Further,it explores the dynamic evolution and development trend of the three systems using the Kernel Density and Grey Markov Prediction Model.The results show that the coordinated development index along this region needs to be improved during the study period.Furthermore,the coordinated development index of the Southwest region is relatively higher than that of the Northwest region.From the development trend of the three systems,all of them develop in a stable manner;however,the tourism economy system is easily affected by external disturbances.The coordinated development index of the three systems changes dynamically and tends to be in a good state of coordination.There is a certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The gravity center of the coordinated development index has been in the Southwest region.During the forecast period,the coordinated development index along this region will improve significantly,while insufficient and unbalanced development will continue.

State of the HIV, Hepatitis B and C Virus Pandemic from 2003 to 2022 in Burkina Faso: Evolution of Prevalence Trends and Strategic Recommendations to Achieve the WHO’s Goal for Their Eradication by 2030

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal to eradicate or at least significantly reduce the prevalence the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) by 2030. The main objective was to provide an evolving overview of the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection between 2003 and 2022 in Burkina Faso. Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from 2003 to 2022. The data were collected using information available in the databases of the HOSCO and CERBA laboratories and included all individuals who underwent HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV testing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0, EpiInfo 7, and R version 4.1.0. Results were considered statistically significant if p Results: The study recorded 7432 samples and the mean age of the subjects was 27.98 ± 8.50 years. During this period, the respective prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV were 4.66% (346/7432), 8.77% (582/6636) and 5.54% (322/5816). However, from 2003 to 2022, there was a significant decrease (P y=−1.75x+12.59;y=−0.24x+10.01and y=−0.11x+6.02, with “y” corresponding to prevalence and “x” to the years. Conclusion: Burkina Faso needs to rigorously apply prevention and control strategies recommended by the WHO by 2030.

Megacity pathways in China under the dual carbon goal:The case of Shanghai

The pathways to achieving carbon neutrality at the city level are diverse due to varying energy supply and demand conditions.Shanghai faces obstacles such as limited land resources,high costs of renewable energy technologies,and instability of renewable energy.These challenges hinder the city’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon).Therefore,Shanghai must identify and optimize its development path for renewable energy under the dual carbon goal.We employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform Shanghai(LEAP-SH)model to simulate the impact of policies,such as industrial upgrading,energy efficiency improvement,energy structure optimization,increased technical innovation on energy,and ecological restoration,on the carbon emission pathways from 2022 to 2060 using five different scenarios.Our results indicate that Shanghai has the potential to achieve carbon neutrality in 2059 by promoting carbon reduction,pollution control,and green expansion.Moreover,we determined that the manufacturing industry;power generation industry;and transportation,storage,and mail services are the three major sectors for emission reduction under the dual carbon goal.Furthermore,the capacity and output of coal-fired power plants will be gradually replaced by offshore wind power in the dual carbon pathway.Finally,this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for Shanghai to attain the dual carbon goal and high-quality development.

The Importance of Setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.In this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in SHGs.The survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey form.The results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test results.Memberships in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and 5.This study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ventures.Moreover,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural women.Finally,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

Spatial differences of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among counties(cities)on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains

The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty alleviation.Its Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the region.This study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’SDGs.The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county(city)level on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.The results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.Notable high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions,whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western areas.The scores of SDGs,in descending order,are as follows:62.22 for Minfeng County,54.22 for Hotan City,50.21 for Qiemo County,42.54 for Moyu County,41.56 for Ruoqiang County,41.39 for Qira County,39.86 for Lop County,38.25 for Yutian County,38.10 for Pishan County,and 36.87 for Hotan County.The performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City,Lop County,Minfeng County,and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green color.However,Hotan County,Moyu County,Qira County,and Yutian County show the poorest performance,as they lack SDGs with green color.It is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries,sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance,and the gradual improvement of social security system.These measures will facilitate the effective implementation of SDGs.Finally,this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments in their decision-making processes.In addition,these results hold significant reference value for assessing SDGs at the county(city)level,particularly in areas characterized by low levels of economic development.

Strategies for Cultivating Public Funded Targeted Normal Students Based on Goal Management Theory : A Case Study of East, West and North Guangdong

Public funded targeted normal students are an important component of China's teacher team construction.Since its implementation in 2007,a large number of outstanding rural teachers who have been striving on the front line of education have been trained.Based on the theory of goal management,this paper explores the problems and countermeasures in the training of public funded targeted normal students.It strives to solve the problems of low willingness to teach and high default rates among public funded normal students,and hopes that the suggestions proposed in this paper can further promote the effective implementation of policies for public funded normal students.

“双碳”目标下低碳农业技术发展应用条件评价及路径研究

“双碳”目标下,科学评估筛选适宜不同地域的农业减排固碳技术,并因地制宜制定低碳农业技术路径具有重要的现实意义.综合采取德尔菲法、层次分析法、多因素综合评价模型进行评价表明,种植、养殖、能源消耗3个方面42项技术中发展应用条件综合水平位于3≥Z≥2.5、 2.5>Z≥2、 2>Z≥1等3个区间的比重分别为16.67%,61.90%,21.43%,大部分技术在重庆具有较好的综合推广应用条件,其中种植方面最好;重庆低碳农业发展可采取分区分级思路,根据农业生产特点按粮食主产区、养殖集中区、生态脆弱区分区推进“双增双减”“稳能减排”“提能固碳”综合技术路径,根据技术发展应用条件水平分级优先推广位于3≥Z≥2.5区间的7项技术,以及位于2.5>Z≥2区间的26项技术.最后提出加快低碳农业技术的创新步伐、推广应用、发展环境建设等对策建议.

双碳目标下绿色金融碳减排效应的实证研究

绿色金融是实现绿色低碳发展战略的重要手段,研究绿色金融碳减排效应及其作用机制对实现“双碳”目标具有重要现实意义。利用2008—2020年省际面板数据,实证检验了绿色金融碳减排效应、作用机制和异质性。研究结果表明:无论是总维度还是分维度,绿色金融均具有显著的碳减排效应,其中绿色投资的碳减排效应最大,绿色证券次之,绿色信贷最小;绿色技术创新对绿色金融碳减排效应具有中介作用,环境规制与金融市场化均增强了绿色金融碳减排效果;东部组、科技发达组和高耗能组相对中西部组、科技欠发达组和低耗能组绿色金融碳减排效应更为明显。因此,进一步加大绿色金融产品创新,实现绿色金融资源高效配置,制定差异化绿色金融政策尤为重要。

“双碳”目标驱动的能源化工类跨专业创新人才培养模式探索与实践

在“双碳”目标驱动下,大连理工大学针对能源化工类本科创新人才培养,确定了责任、知识和思政等“双碳”要素,重构了具有“双碳”要素的人才培养方案、课程体系和教学内容,围绕核心课程进行了教学方法改革,并初步建成了以产业链关联为特色的跨专业实验平台。以上改革不仅促进了能源化工类专业间的交叉融合和方向拓展,而且提高了学生解决复杂工程问题的能力,为高等工程教育适应“双碳”技术进步和能源化工行业发展提供了先进理念和有效路径。

数字科技创新引领物流业绿色低碳转型的机制与路径——基于京东物流的案例研究

新发展格局下的物流业肩负着实现“双碳”目标的重要使命,必须加快绿色低碳转型。数字科技作为推动第四次工业革命的核心力量之一,将推动全球产业链供应链加速重构,世界经济、产业竞争格局加快重塑。通过创新研发和应用数字科技,能有效提升物流企业绿色技术的投入水平,推进绿色创新,进而引领物流业绿色低碳转型。本文应用扎根理论开展案例研究,结合京东物流绿色低碳转型实践,探讨数字科技创新引领物流业绿色低碳转型的作用机制和实现路径。研究结果表明,物流业绿色低碳转型受到企业内部发展压力和外部环境压力的交互影响;围绕基础研究创新、核心技术创新和服务体系创新三个维度,数字科技创新能够聚集要素、整合资源、形成区域产业集聚,通过规模效应和溢出效应助力物流业绿色发展。对应作用机制,数字科技创新引领物流业绿色低碳转型有三条主要路径,分别是能力提升路径、技术升级路径、产业联合发展路径。本文提出的数字科技创新引领物流业绿色低碳转型理论模型揭示了数字科技创新引领物流业绿色低碳转型的逻辑过程,为物流业绿色发展提供了重要的管理启示。

国有企业的低碳双元战略发展路径——基于上海申通地铁集团的案例研究

在中国特色社会主义经济制度下,国有企业始终肩负着发展经济和服务社会的双重使命。根据企业所处的行业特点与所承担的业务特征,国有企业很可能面临高耗能的挑战。选取上海申通地铁集团有限公司作为典型案例,基于双元理论探究国有企业低碳双元战略的动态发展路径。研究发现,国有企业的低碳发展首先是将低碳理念融入其“经济—社会”双元目标,形成具有经济属性的成本性和效益性低碳导向,以及具有社会属性的政策性和公益性低碳导向。基于此,国有企业开发低碳双元战略实践,包括具有经济属性的低碳成本管理和低碳业务投资,以及具有社会属性的低碳政策落实和产业低碳引领。此外,知识和资源开发促进了低碳双元战略实践的相互转化,实现了低碳双元战略的协调统一。研究结论既为国有企业低碳发展中的协同辩证关系提供了新的理解,又拓展了双元理论在企业低碳管理领域的应用。

“双碳”目标有利于促进经济高质量发展吗?

碳达峰与碳中和是我国当前环境治理的关键目标,实现碳减排也成为了我国经济高质量发展的重要内容,那么,“双碳”目标有利于促进经济高质量发展吗?基于“双碳”目标下的环境政策,采用长江经济带市级面板数据实证检验“双碳”目标对经济高质量发展的影响效应,结果发现:(1)“双碳”目标对长江经济带经济增长质量具有正向作用,表明“双碳”目标能有效促进经济增长质量提升,并且该结论通过了平行趋势、考虑内生性和其他政策冲击等多维度稳健性检验;(2)异质性分析结果表明,“双碳”目标对长江中下游地区、中小型城市、非省会和非工业型城市的经济增长质量提升效应更显著,并且该影响存在空间外溢效应;(3)进一步分析表明,环境治理、效率提升、技术创新和产业升级等因素是“双碳”目标影响经济高质量发展的重要传导机制。相关研究成果为“双碳”目标下我国经济高质量发展提供了经验证据,也为环境政策的进一步实施提供了相关政策建议。

“双碳”背景下减污降碳协同治理的法治保障研究——结构功能主义的分析视角

实现碳达峰碳中和是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革,同时也对中国国家治理体系和治理能力提出了新要求。综合考量中国当下生态环境和经济发展的现实情况,温室气体和环境污染物的产生具有一定的同源性,“以实现减污降碳协同增效为总抓手”具有合理性和科学性。从结构功能主义视角看,减污降碳协同治理的法治保障关涉价值理念、立法、法律实施以及多元参与四个维度。从法律的规范逻辑出发,以结构功能主义分析方法为进路,强调系统思维,借助AGIL图式分析,从纵向分化与横向交换两个维度全面检视减污降碳协同治理存在的架构缺失、功能离散、动力不足等问题;整合减污降碳协同治理中相互分离的社会实体,在明确绿色低碳原则、效能原则、综合调整原则的基础上,构建减污降碳协同治理的法律和政策体系,健全刚柔兼济的法律实施机制,推进建立网格化多元共治格局,以期为减污降碳协同增效的实现提供法治保障。

“双碳”目标下国土空间优化的挑战与应对

国土空间优化与调控始终是现代化建设面临的重大理论和实践问题。现有的国土空间规划研究多聚焦于对低碳空间治理思路、框架、工具的整体性把握,尚缺乏明确的碳约束目标及行动指南,亟待将“双碳”目标全面融入国土空间规划的目标体系、决策体系和保障体系,发挥规划在空间治理上的统筹引领作用。首先,国土空间优化光论“地”不谈“天”不行,也不能“就土论土、就地论地”;其次,低碳和“双碳”目标并不完全等同,要避免“双碳”研究中忽视国土,也要在研究国土问题中厘清“双碳”;再次,空间优化是个复杂动态过程,需要高度重视深度不确定性。因此,未来有必要建立国土空间抗解性识别分析范式和方法,开发应对深度不确定性的国土空间协同演化集成模型,构建国土空间多目标优化调控理论体系,并沿着科学认知、信息技术、智能规划、创新制度四个主轴展开深入研究和理论构建。

“双碳”目标视域下甘肃省碳排放特征分析

为了有效应对碳排放引起的温室效应和气候变化,我国率先提出了“3060双碳”目标,为各省区经济增长和生态治理提出了新的机遇和挑战。文章在“双碳”目标视域下,根据《甘肃省统计年鉴》2009年—2021年的国民生产总值、人口数量、能源消耗情况等统计数据,运用碳排放估算公式对甘肃省的碳排放量、碳排放强度、人均碳排放量、三次产业碳排放特征等进行了计算分析,得出了甘肃省碳排放量整体仍呈上升趋势,碳排放强度却呈下降趋势,人均碳排放量也呈缓慢增长趋势的结论。在产业碳排放方面,工业和制造业的碳排放量明显高于其他行业,第二产业的碳排放量和碳排放强度均明显高于第一和第三产业。而产业碳排放强度在2013年出现了1个分水岭,2013年之前,第三产业的碳排放强度大于第一和第二产业,2013年之后,第二产业的碳排放强度大于第一和第三产业。研究结果表明:甘肃省的碳排放主要集中在第二产业,以重工业为主的产业结构将会持续,在“双碳”目标视域下,甘肃省的碳减排重点和措施应关注第二产业的产业结构调整和优化。

“双碳”目标下南阳市农业生态效率提升路径研究

以提升农业生态效率,确保农产品质量安全、促进南阳农业实现“碳达峰、碳中和”、推动农业高质量发展为着力点,采用2011—2021年南阳市13个县区的面板数据,运用超效率SBM模型和泰尔指数,测度南阳农业生态效率的时序演进和空间差异,结果表明:南阳市农业生态效率的总体均值未达到有效水平,较低的规模效率是农业生态效率处于非有效状态的主要原因;南阳市各县区之间农业生态效率的差异在逐步缩小,水源区内的农业生态效率差异小于非水源区,是近年来南阳各县区农业生态效率差异分化的主要原因。在此基础上,可以通过坚持推进绿色、低碳农业发展模式和加强县区、地市之间交流合作来提升南阳市农业生态效率,以更好地促进其“双碳”目标的实现。

环境法典编纂纳入“双碳”目标的可行路径研究

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中明确指出要积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和,自我国提出“双碳”目标以来不仅在全球气候变化治理发挥了积极作用,还进一步推进了国内能源、经济等领域的低碳发展转型。通过对“双碳”目标进行辨析,相关政策与法律现状进行梳理,发现我国当前保障“双碳”目标存在专门法缺失、相关法的保障制度仍需完善、配套政策保障手段不足的问题。结合对法国、瑞典与德国三国的立法经验进行分析,基于我国国情,未来可以尝试于环境法典以可持续发展衔接“双碳”目标价值内涵,建立环境法典、单行法与政策的协同机制,推进“双碳”因素纳入环境影响评价与环境行政许可,合理衔接刑事责任的方式保障“双碳”目标的顺利实现。

Knowledge Gaps in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation in Nairobi, Kenya

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.