Databases of 2D material-substrate interfaces and 2D charged building blocks

Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.

Studies of an event-building algorithm of the readout system for the twin TPCs in HFRS

The High-energy Fragment Separator(HFRS),which is currently under construction,is a leading international radioactive beam device.Multiple sets of position-sensitive twin time projection chamber(TPC)detectors are distributed on HFRS for particle identification and beam monitoring.The twin TPCs'readout electronics system operates in a trigger-less mode due to its high counting rate,leading to a challenge of handling large amounts of data.To address this problem,we introduced an event-building algorithm.This algorithm employs a hierarchical processing strategy to compress data during transmission and aggregation.In addition,it reconstructs twin TPCs'events online and stores only the reconstructed particle information,which significantly reduces the burden on data transmission and storage resources.Simulation studies demonstrated that the algorithm accurately matches twin TPCs'events and reduces more than 98%of the data volume at a counting rate of 500 kHz/channel.

Personal Reflection on Cultural Building Blocks

By reflecting back on the culture in which I was raised, I identify different building blocks of culture and the ways they played out, in order to apply them in my future life and make life better.

Preparation, Structure and Properties of 3D Supramolecular Architecture, on the Basis of Hydrogen Bonds and π-π Stacking Between 2D Layers, with Windmill Building Blocks

A novel three-dimensional（3D） supramolecular architecture, {[Nd（OH-BDC）（OH-HBDC）（H2O）2]·2HaO）n（1） （OH-H2BDC=5-hydroxyisophthalic acid）, which was formed through hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking between two-dimensional（2D） layers, was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Windmill building blocks, which consist of two nine-coordinated metal centers and four OH-H2BDC groups are connected through two carboxyl groups, to lead to a one-dimensional infinite inorganic chain（… M--O--C--O--M…） along the [100] direction. An observed intense blue luminescence with an emission band peaked at 390 nm for compound 1 may results from ligand-to-metal charge transfer（LMCT）. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of compound 1 was investigated and the value was deviated from the Curie-Weiss law.

Two Chiral Building Blocks for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Anti-and Syn-1,3-Diols

Two chiral building blocks 1 and 2 for anti-and syn-1, 3-diols has been achieved in 8 steps and 7 steps respectively, starting from the readily available and inexpensive D (+)-xylose 3.

Appropriate schemata and building blocks

Appropriate schemata as a novel concept to characterize building blocks are introduced, and then, the traits of appropriate schemata are presented. The effects of building blocks by search operators are analyzed. Hence, the experiments on RR-8X8 are employed to verify that appropriate schemata construct the building blocks. The validity of appropriate schemata and building blocks from the views of theory and practice is presented.

Biobased Vanillic Acid and Ricinoleic Acid: Building Blocks for Fully Renewable Copolyesters

New fully biobased polyether/esters have been synthesized by a one-pot polymerization reaction of ricinoleic acid(RA),vanillic acid(VA)and ethylene carbonate(EC).In particular,EC selectively reacts with the phenolic group of VA to obtain in-situ 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate(EV),suitable for subsequent copolymerization with RA.The procedure was carried out in a single step,without any solvent.Chemical structure and thermal properties of the new materials were studied in order to explore relationships between composition and final performances.The combination of EV,bearing a rigid aromatic structure,with RA,characterized by high flexibility and potential biocidal activity,allows the production of a novel class of fully biobased aliphatic-aromatic polymers presenting tuneable thermal properties and suitable for a range of applications,for example,in active packaging and biomedical fields.

Compliant semiconductor scaffolds: building blocks for advanced neural interfaces

Neuroscience,neuroprosthetics and neural regeneration would benefit from more adequate interfacing devices.To understand how neurons communicate,process information and control behavior,researchers need to monitor nerve cell activity with high specifity and high spatio-temporal resolution.Neural prostheses require minimally invasive-implantable devices to re- place lost function, and bypass dysfunctional pathways in the nervous system. Devices built to repair damaged nerves have to support and promote regeneration of host neurons through an injured area. Finally, as neuromodulation is being elevated from last resort to first choice treatment for an increasing number of conditions, implantable devices able to perform targeted regu- lation of neural activity are needed. Recent advances in device miniaturization, materials engineering, and nanotechnology are enabling development of an increasing number of devices that effectively interface with neural circuits. Wireless spinal cord and deep brain stimulators, retinal and cochlear implants, high density electrodes arrays for neural recording have already proven to significantly impact fundamental research in neuro- science, as well as individuals＇ quality of life.

Cartilage and bone tissue engineering using adipose stromal/stem cells spheroids as building blocks

Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic in vivo embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating,in vitro,tissues with more authentic properties.Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering.In this review,we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues.Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis,and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids,making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.Here,we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro.Overall,recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal"building blocks"for tissue engineering by“bottom-up”approaches,which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting.Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.

Building Blocks

Building Blocks Funeka Yazini AprilAfrican governments, not the Americans or the Chinese, have the key responsibility to become the drivers of their own industrial and agricul- tural development. There- fore, it is urgent that African governments prioritize the objectives of the Johannes- burg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） domestically and regionally.

A novel 300 kW arc plasma inverter system based on hierarchical controlled building block structure

To date, the high power arc plasma technology is widely used. A next generation high power arc plasma system based on building block structure is presented. The whole arc plasma inverter system is composed of 12 paralleled units to increase the system output capability. The hierarchical control system is adopted to improve the reliability and flexibility of the high power arc plasma inverter. To ensure the reliable turn on and off of the IGBT module in each building block unit, a special pulse drive circuit is designed by using pulse transformer. The experimental result indicates that the high power arc plasma inverter system can transfer 300 kW arc plasma energy reliably with high efficiency.

6-Azido-Galactosyl Imidate as a Building Block for Preparation of 1-(4-Aminobutyl)-, Di-, Tri- and Tetra-Saccharides

6-azidogalactosyl imidate has been used as a donor to generate 1-(4-aminobutyl)-6-aminogalactose, 6-aminothiotolyl- glycosides of disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide that incorporates 6-azido group and 1-(4-tolyl)thio group. Trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide were obtained from lactosyl-based acceptor. The anomeric 1-(4-tolyl)thio group could be used to conjugate with sphingosine analogs to provide the alpha-Gal Sph analogs for library extension from the azido group.

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF RABDOSIA DITERPENOID Ⅱ,PREPARATION OF A KEY BUILDING BLOCK,α,β-UNSATURATED LACTONE

The main half molecule(4a)of the trichorabdal B(1) was synthesized from pentadienol(6).The key step is the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 8.

End-to-end verifiable electronic voting scheme of blockchain based on random linear block code

Blockchain is an emerging decentralized technology of electronic voting.The current main consensus protocols are not flexible enough to manage the distributed blockchain nodes to achieve high efficiency of consensus.For practical implementation,the consensus based on random linear block code(RLBC)is proposed and applied to blockchain voting scheme.Along with achieving the record correctness and consistency among all nodes,the consensus method indicates the active and inactive consensus nodes.This ability can assist the management of consensus nodes and restrain the generating of chain forks.To achieve end-to-end verifiability,cast-or-audit and randomized partial checking(RPC)are used in the proposed scheme.The voter can verify the high probability of correctness in ballot encryption and decryption.The experiments illustrate that the efficiency of proposed consensus is suitable for blockchain.The proposed electronic voting scheme is adapted to practical implementation of voting.

An Electronic Image Stabilization Algorithm Based on Efficient Block Matching on the Bitplane

This paper proposes an electronic image stabilization algorithm based on efficient block matching on the plane. This algorithm uses a hexagonal search algorithm, and uses the bit-planes to estimate and compensate for the translational motion between video sequences at the same time;As for the rotary motion vector generated in the video sequences, in order to highlight the intensity change of the image sequence, the algorithm firstly conducts Laplace transform for the reference frame, then select a number of characteristics at the image edge to make block matching with the current frame, calculate and compensate for the rotational movement that may exist finally. Through theoretical analysis and simula-tion, we prove that, as for a mixed translational and rotational motion video sequences, the proposed algorithm can reduce required time for block matching computation ,while improving the accuracy of the electronic image stabilization.

(Z)-ETHYL 3-BROMO-4,4,4-TRIFLUORO-2-BUTENOATE AS A NOVEL CF_3-CONTAINING BUILDING BLOCK: Its Preparation and Pd-Catalysed Reaction with Alkynes and Organozinc Reagents

A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to afford useful CF_3-containing intermediates in good yield.

DESIGN OF INTERCHANGE RAMP ALIGNMENT WITH BLOCK-BUILDING METHOD

This paper presents a block-building method for the alignment design ofinterchange rampe.Giving starting coprdinates and direction, an ideal alignment isbuilt up by choosing desirable type and argunient of one of the three basic buildingbleeks:tangent,arc and spiral.In addition,with the hereafter provided calculationdiagrains and prograni package,the interchange aligrmient drawing and layout draw-ing can be acquired aseily.

Solving Job-Shop Scheduling Problems by Genetic Algorithms Based on Building Block Hypothesis

In this paper, we propose a new genetic algorithm for job-shop scheduling problems （JSP）. The proposed method uses the operation-based representation, based on schema theorem and building block hypothesis, a new crossover is proposed ： By selecting short, low order highly fit schemas to genetic operator, the crossover can exchange meaningful ordering information of parents effectively and can search the global optimization. Simulation results on MT benchmark problem coded by C ＋ ＋ show that our genetic operators are very powerful and suitable to job-shop scheduling problems and our method outperforms the previous GA-based approaches.