Operational concepts of HVDC in the context of security assessment in the German transmission grid

Because of the realization of HVDC connections parallel to the synchronous grid in Germany, operational concepts become more important in the context of system security aspects. In this article commonly known concepts are analyzed regarding their suitability for the German transmission system. Therefore, an approach for the analysis was developed and exemplary results are given using this approach. Under consideration of the overall system, the concepts of reducing losses in combination with minimizing(n-1)-warnings or-indications^1 as well as the sole minimization of(n-1)-warnings and-indications are the most reasonable approaches. However, under grid security aspects best results can be achieved by reducing operational limits and therefore, by the minimization of(n-1)-warnings.

What Kind of Security Concept Does Our World Need?

While the threat of war has decreased, there have appeared intricate security issues that affect all aspects of human life, breaking through various defenses and threatening the well being of all actors in the contemporary world, including nations, groups and individuals. This risky situation calls for a new security concept, one that transcends traditional state centrism, national supremacy and coercion. The new security concept, which should assimilate the general theory of grand strategy,focuses on a vision that spans time and space, valuing humankind as it exists as one of the dynamic factors of nature and society. The essentials of the new security concept are to recognize balanced development as the substance of security and to govern national strength and the application of means and tactics. It aims at realizing comprehensive security across various social fields within states, to achieve mutual security among national, international and individual actors, as well as harmony between man and nature, continuous security leading to lasting and universal peace in the future.

Security Aspects of Gated Community Housing and the Concept of Safe Townships

Crime is often associated with urban development as urban areas tend to be at greater risk security-wise as compared with other areas. This is the reality of an increasing population crowding into the cities, and fomenting crime in the process. The physical design of the environment also contributes to the escalating crime rate, resulting in fear and anxiety among the residents. The ＂Safe Township＂ concept is an approach to resolving the issue of security in urban areas. It is an agenda within the concept of liveable cities that focuses principally on the problems of urban security. The development of properties within the concept of Gated Community housing is considered a step towards protecting residents in a residential area. The development of fenced Gated Community housing equipped with full-time security facilities is among the strategies in implementing the concept of the Safe Township. This paper discusses the security features in the Gated Community housing development as measures to combat crime in line with the implementation of the Safe Township concept. This study adopts an investigative methodology that combines theory with case studies. The compilation of data was made through literature search, interviews with representatives from the Town Planning Department and data were also collected through observations of Gated Community housing schemes in Johor Bahru.

The Concepts of "Putting People First" and "Regarding Harmony as the Fundamentality" under the Framework of Cultural Diversity

Human civilization is currently undergoing another important turn. Following the economic globalization,cultural globalization has become an inevitable trend.

Ecological Security of Landscape Architecture in Yunnan Province

The concept of landscape architecture with eco-security was proposed,ecological security of landscape architecture in Yunnan was elaborated from 8 aspects,specifically as landform,typical climate,natural vegetation,biodiversity,transplantation of large-size trees,disaster-proof function,greening security,introduction of garden species.Moreover,countermeasures for maintaining the ecological security of landscape architecture in Yunnan Province were further put forward,① In view of local conditions,inheriting natural views of classical Chinese gardens,respecting all natural elements,② Rising higher requirements on the planning of garden green space system,③ Paying more attention to the integrated construction of green spaces in urban and rural areas,maintaining the wholeness of suburban ecosystem,④ Devoting more in developing seedling industry,culturing more large-size seedlings in original sites,⑤ Selecting right trees for right sites in constructing urban gardens.Eventually,it was proposed that gardens in Yunnan Province should be developed by combining with its outstanding ecological conditions,among which ecological security should be the focus of attention.

Concept Drift Analysis and Malware Attack Detection System Using Secure Adaptive Windowing

Concept drift is a main security issue that has to be resolved since it presents a significant barrier to the deployment of machine learning(ML)models.Due to attackers’(and/or benign equivalents’)dynamic behavior changes,testing data distribution frequently diverges from original training data over time,resulting in substantial model failures.Due to their dispersed and dynamic nature,distributed denial-of-service attacks pose a danger to cybersecurity,resulting in attacks with serious consequences for users and businesses.This paper proposes a novel design for concept drift analysis and detection of malware attacks like Distributed Denial of Service(DDOS)in the network.The goal of this architecture combination is to accurately represent data and create an effective cyber security prediction agent.The intrusion detection system and concept drift of the network has been analyzed using secure adaptive windowing with website data authentication protocol(SAW_WDA).The network has been analyzed by authentication protocol to avoid malware attacks.The data of network users will be collected and classified using multilayer perceptron gradient decision tree(MLPGDT)classifiers.Based on the classification output,the decision for the detection of attackers and authorized users will be identified.The experimental results show output based on intrusion detection and concept drift analysis systems in terms of throughput,end-end delay,network security,network concept drift,and results based on classification with regard to accuracy,memory,and precision and F-1 score.

Reflecting on the Conception of Post-Post-Cold War Era

After the September 11th events and especially after the follow-updevelopment of the US-Russian relationship,many Americangovernment officials in the Bush team stated time and again in

A Secured Iran？ Iran＇ s Independent Active Deterrence Strategy

Until now the Islamic Republic of Iran's adoption of an independent active deterrence strategy,a strategy based on threat assessment and self-assessment,has overall been a success.The sole exception involved Iraq in 1980 and was due to Iran's initial vulnerability following the revolution.As Saudi Arabia maneuvers with influence from US President Donald Trump,and given that Iran is unlikely to withdraw its military nuclear program under the existing security environment,the US and Israel ought to strengthen their nuclear deterrence capabilities against Iran.They need to issue clear,open,official retaliation commitments under a hypothetical nuclear scenario and bolster them with corresponding military and diplomatic capability.

Enhancing Embedding-Based Chinese Word Similarity Evaluation with Concepts and Synonyms Knowledge

Word similarity(WS)is a fundamental and critical task in natural language processing.Existing approaches to WS are mainly to calculate the similarity or relatedness of word pairs based on word embedding obtained by massive and high-quality corpus.However,it may suffer from poor performance for insufficient corpus in some specific fields,and cannot capture rich semantic and sentimental information.To address these above problems,we propose an enhancing embedding-based word similarity evaluation with character-word concepts and synonyms knowledge,namely EWS-CS model,which can provide extra semantic information to enhance word similarity evaluation.The core of our approach contains knowledge encoder and word encoder.In knowledge encoder,we incorporate the semantic knowledge extracted from knowledge resources,including character-word concepts,synonyms and sentiment lexicons,to obtain knowledge representation.Word encoder is to learn enhancing embedding-based word representation from pre-trained model and knowledge representation based on similarity task.Finally,compared with baseline models,the experiments on four similarity evaluation datasets validate the effectiveness of our EWS-CS model in WS task.

德国综合安全观:理论缘起、历史演进与实践评估

德国首份《国家安全战略》以“综合安全”为要义,具有理论逻辑和历史脉络可循。德国综合安全观兴起于冷战后,其内在逻辑是对欧洲主义安全观的继承性发展,聚焦两极秩序瓦解后的经济与社会秩序稳定以及应对域外冲突,注重非传统安全,安全参与者包含国家与非国家行为体。克里米亚危机后,传统军事威胁回归欧陆,德国综合安全观“防御性”与“韧性”融合并重。俄乌冲突冲击欧洲安全秩序,德国综合安全观愈发重视国家与联盟防御,并通过“多元化”与“联盟政治”等手段推进“去风险”策略,增强经济与社会韧性,同时也呈现出泛安全化、价值观化与权力政治的特质,其影响力辐射至“印太”地区与对华政策上。然而,德国综合安全政策实践仍面临诸多挑战。防御上,德国提升国防的政治承诺与其军事资源尚不匹配。韧性上,德国“去风险”策略受国际权力对比变化、中国市场红利、德国政界与商界意见的异质性以及德国国内经济成本的制约。为此,中国应客观看待德国安全政策转型的影响。

粮食安全概念、评价体系与地理学优先研究主题

本研究综述了粮食安全概念的演变过程与特征,分析了近年来主要的粮食安全评价指标及未来情景研究方法的优缺点,探讨了地理学在粮食安全系统中可能的作用与研究方向。主要结论为:①粮食安全概念已发展成为包含4个维度、5个尺度的综合概念,宜采用“食物安全系统”词语表征。②家庭尺度与国家尺度是粮食安全评价的重点,粮食安全概念关注重点也从宏观国家角度向微观家庭和个人尺度转变,家庭成员的膳食营养摄入指标成为测度粮食安全的关键要素。③目前粮食安全评价指标体系尚不完善,多数指标均存在定量化不足、标准不统一难以对比、数据不准确等问题;而且未有能涵盖4个维度的全球标准化评价指标体系。④不同研究对粮食安全的未来情景预测结果差别迥异,准确性难以测度。⑤地理学可在食物供给影响机制研究、食物供应链、粮食安全评价指标体系、应对策略等方面做出重要贡献。

论数字时代的《刑事诉讼法》修改

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》修改已被列入全国人大常委会立法规划,在本次修改中应当回应数字时代的需求,关注在刑事诉讼中运用新型数字技术所带来的新问题。在基础理念层面,应当协调数字时代刑事诉讼中技术运用和人权保障的关系,兼顾法律修改的前瞻性与稳妥性,平衡数据安全与个人信息保护之间的冲突。在基本原则层面,应当确立合法原则,要求目的、程序与手段的合法性;通过确认比例原则,协调目的、手段与后果之间的关系;依据区分处理原则对对象、场景、行为方式与监管方式加以区分处理。在制度规范层面,应强化对数字侦查取证的控制,推动数字检察法律监督工作,规范智慧审判,确保公安机关、检察机关、审判机关的数字化改革符合刑事诉讼的基本原理。从这三个层面出发修改《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》,能使刑事诉讼的数字化转型在法治轨道内得以实现。

总体国家安全观下的档案开放审核制度优化研究

文章立足于总体国家安全观,通过分析当前我国档案开放审核制度,发现其中存在开放范围判定依据不明确、控制利用范围判定依据不完善、协同机制尚不健全、监督救济条款笼统等问题。进而提出坚持党的领导基本政治原则、秉持安全与开放并重原则、兼顾利益权衡与可分割原则,并针对档案开放审核制度的实际问题提出构建主体协同关系、以“负面清单”明确判定依据、完善监督救济程序等制度优化策略。

新粮食安全观下粮食产业支持政策的演化特征与优化构想

新粮食安全观是以人民为中心的共同价值观,确保国家粮食产业安全是新粮食安全观的核心要义、理论意涵和实践方法。新粮食安全观导向下粮食产业具有典型的个性演化规律特征,决定着粮食产业支持政策演化逻辑的特殊性。当前我国粮食产业支持政策具有配置性、再生性、激励性、补偿性、进阶性等五维特征,符合新粮食安全观价值匹配要求,发挥着“牢牢端稳中国饭碗”保障的积极作用。但是,当今国际粮食产业安全的自然风险、社会风险和政治风险剧增,中国式现代化战略任务紧迫而又艰巨,粮食产业支持政策需要与时俱进并持续优化,即要遵循新粮食安全观下粮食产业演化规律,从粮食产业支持政策的静态性系统供给、动态性行为响应、适配性行为协调等方面加强优化设计,推动粮食产业高阶化演进,以适应中国式现代化粮食产业安全响应行为需要,确保中国人的饭碗任何时候都牢牢端在自己手中。

总体国家安全观下深化中俄能源合作的法律机制构建

能源安全是国家安全的重要组成部分。在大国竞争激烈和地区冲突频发的背景下,加强中俄能源合作对于增进双方政治互信、促进经济发展以及实现社会稳定和环保目标具有重要意义,是落实总体国家安全观的关键举措。随着中俄能源合作从传统能源交易扩展至全产业链,现行法律框架已不足以支撑日益加深的合作需求,无法有效应对复杂局面和挑战。在总体国家安全观的引领下,亟须构建全面的法律机制,以深化中俄之间的能源合作。这需要坚持能源安全、能源主权、互惠互利以及绿色发展的原则,全面统筹政治、经济、社会和环境安全多重维度,完善能源对话机制,加强投资保护,建立价格协商机制,探索生态保护措施。