数据高真实性的车联网Gatekeeper+协议研究及验证

车联网通信中数据包的真实性直接关系到车联网通信的安全性。新型车载广播认证协议Gatekeeper具有源身份认证和防护DoS攻击的优势,将是未来主流的车联网通信协议之一。但目前其缺乏对数据真实性的保障机制,导致车载通信会因数据真实性的缺失破坏通信的完整性、鲁棒性和安全性。因此,在原协议的通信中建立多重反馈机制,增加对数据真实性的认证方法,扩展成Gatekeeper+协议,弥补对数据真实性保障机制上的不足。并使用时序逻辑CTL建立数据真实性的逻辑表达式,通过模型检测技术验证了Gatekeeper+协议在通信中数据真实性保障能力,还进一步验证了扩展后Gatekeeper+协议的安全性和完整性,确保新协议在车载通信服务中的安全可靠。

Obligation-based Theory vs.Right-based Theory:Confrontation of Ideas Between Warrender and Strauss

There is a transition from the objective laws or moral orders that precede human will in classical natural law to the subjective demands or rights emanating from human will in modern natural law,and it represents a historical debate on the shift from an obligation-based theory to a right-based theory.Strauss,within the context of this transition across time,assesses Thomas Hobbes's philosophy of law and recognizes him as the founder of modern natural rights theory.Using Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld's analysis of jurisprudence,Howard Warrender assesses the privilege nature of Hobbes's concept of natural rights and concludes that,since Hohfeld's privilege is the opposite of obligation and related to no-right,obligations cannot be derived from natural rights.Therefore,Warrender argues that Strauss's assertion requires correction.However,Warrender places excessive emphasis on Hohfeld's static separation of the concept of privilege within his theoretical system,overlooking the dynamic transformation from privilege to claim rights.In this regard,Hobbesian scholar Carlan's criticism of Warrender is valid.Meanwhile,Warrender's research holds theoretical significance in that he,under the premise of being a part of Hobbes'natural law tradition,transforms Hohfeld's flat,two-party legal rights relationships into a three-party legal rights structure,which could represent a potential innovation in the 20^(th)century legal philosophy.

On the Principle of Consistency of Rights and Obligations in the Constitution of PRC

“The Fundamental Rights and obligations of Citizens”, the title of Chapter II of the current Constitution of PRC, and the stipulation that citizens must fulfill certain obligations while enjoying rights have triggered many debates. Considering the historical origin, constitutional philosophy, and the text and structure of the Constitution, the special provisions of the current Constitution are influenced by the principle of consistency of rights and obligations. The principle of consistency of rights and obligations in the Constitution is of complex connotation. Therefore, although the principle of consistency of rights and obligations effectively connects the public and private spheres, it ignores the diversity and differences of the interests and elements contained in the Constitution, the asymmetry of the normative status of fundamental rights and fundamental obligations,and the right of citizens to self-determination of personal interests.The principle of consistency of rights and obligations should be purposefully narrowed and concretized: In the context of public-private integration and risk society prevention, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations can be used as a supplement to the functional system of the Constitution;in the field of fundamental political obligations, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations should be in line with the requirements of the state to respect and protect human rights;in the field of fundamental social obligations, the exercise of fundamental rights by individuals is protected by the Constitution as long as they comply with the law and do not infringe upon the interests of the social community. The principle of the consistency of rights and obligations is only used as the negative constituents of the determination of rights and the basis for the effect against a third party of fundamental rights.

Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction with Community Health Service under the Gatekeeper System:A Cross-sectional Study in Nanjing,China

The gatekeeper policy has been implemented for approximately ten years on a pilot population in China. It is necessary to assess the satisfaction of patients utilizing community health service（CHS） under the gatekeeper system. Our study showed that the cognition of gatekeeper policy was associated with four dimensions including doctor‐patient relationships, information and support, organization of care, and accessibility（P 〈 0.001）. One or more factors such as gender and self‐perceived health scores also affected their satisfaction. General practitioners must be prepared to focus on these aspects of information and support, organization of care, and accessibility as indicators of potential opportunities for improvement. Additionally, policymakers can improve patients＇ satisfaction with CHS by strengthening their awareness of the gatekeeper policy.

A Study of International Arbitrators' Substantive Ethical Obligations and Chinese Strategies

The increased complexity and scales of international arbitration cases require a larger roster of righteous and experienced international arbitrators. The difficulty to define ethics or ethical obligation in the area of international arbitration has caused increased discussion and confusion. As a result,the tendency towards codification of ethical obligations would provide a more precise and practical mean to regulate arbitrators' behavior. The legal sources of ethical obligations of international arbitrators contain international conventions,national laws,arbitral institutions' rules as well as institutional codes of ethics. The main substantive ethical obligations include disclosing,investigating,conducting the arbitration in accordance with the arbitration agreement,maintaining confidentiality,being competent and diligent. Chinese authorities and foreign-related arbitral institutions should enhance the codification and uniformity of the international arbitrators' ethical obligations. The relevant strategies for revising the Arbitration Lawand arbitrators' ethical codes,unifying the foreign-related arbitration institution ethical rules and joining the harmonious progress of international arbitration should be considered correspondingly.

Screening of Efficient siRNA Target Sites Directed against Gatekeeper Genes for DNA Repair

To investigate the RNA interference （RNAi） effect induced by vector-derived small interfering RNA （siRNA） targeting the three gatekeeper genes （Rad52, Ku70, Ku80） and screen the more effective target sites from candidates for further research, by using siRNA design tools online, we selected 2 candidate sequences directed to every gatekeeper gene. According to the sequences, six vector-derived siRNAs （denoted psiRNA1-6） and one mocking psiRNA7 were constructed. Among them, psiRNA1 and psiRNA2 targeted Rad52, psiRNA3 and psiRNA4 to Ku70, psiRNA5 and psiRNA6 to Ku80. The mocking psiRNA7 was used as control. After sequence identification, the seven plasmids were lyansfected into HepG2 cell line. siRNA-induced silencing of gatekeeper genes was determined by using RT-PCR at RNA level and Western Blot at protein level. The results showed that the six plasmids specifically targeting the coding region of gatekeeper genes were successfully designed and constructed. To some extent, the ~ pPasmids could reduce the expression of target geffe Comparatively, the plasmid-derived siRNA psiRNA1, psiRNA4 and psiRNA5 were more effective than their counterparts. The results suggest that the gene silencing etticiency of siRNA is different, depending on their targeted region, and siRNA may provide us with practical tools for further study on the three gatekeeper genes, i.e. Rad52, Ku70, Ku80.

Structural jump-diffusion model for pricing collateralized debt obligations tranches

This paper considers the pricing problem of collateralized debt obligations tranches under a structural jump-diffusion model, where the asset value of each reference entity is generated by a geometric Brownian motion and jump with an asymmetric double exponential distribution. Conditioned on the common factor of individual entity, this paper gets the conditional distribution, and further obtains the loss distribution of the whole reference portfolio. Based on the semi-analytic approach, the fair spreads of collateralized debt obligations tranches, i.e., the prices of collateralized debt obligations tranches, are derived.

UNIVERSAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION:An option or a legal obligation for States?

I Universal criminal jurisdiction,which is exercised by domestic courts of States,is considered today by some scholars as a panacea for fighting against impunity of perpetrators of the most heinous international crimes worldwide.

Extraterritorial Application of International Human Rights Conventions——From the Perspective of States Regulating the Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations of Transnational Corporations

The extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions is the legal basis for states to regulate the extraterritorial human rights obligations of transnational corporations.In recent years,it has been increasingly challenged by the new trend of the United Nations governing the human rights responsibilities of transnational corporations.A study of existing international rules and practices shows that the extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions depends on the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the States Parties,which mainly includes the actual control over extraterritorial territories and individuals as well as the execution of authority outside the territories.In view of the above,if human rights violations by individuals or transnational corporations occur in areas outside their home territories or are authorized and orchestrated by the home state,the home state shall bear the corresponding human rights responsibilities.Given the restrictive scope of the abovementioned extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions,the international cooperation obligation and the"do no harm"principle may become a new legal basis for states to fulfill their extraterritorial human rights obligations in the future,thereby expanding the basis for the extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions to deal with more serious issues of human rights violations by transnational corporations.However,on the whole,the current identification and codification of states regulating the extraterritorial human rights obligations of transnational corporations should respect the existing rules of international human rights law and should not add any new human rights obligations on states.

A Review of Shipowner＇s ＆ Charterer＇s Obligations in Various Types of Charter

The charterparty is a legal contract of employing a vessel. In shipping matters, it is a highly important document since it allocates obligations, rights, duties, liabilities, risks, earnings, costs and profits between the contracted parties, namely, the shipowner and the charterer. The interpretation of the above mentioned matters, as well as the understanding of charterparty terms, is considered of critical importance in chartering practice. Therefore, this paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects arising from charterparties in the main types of charter. The present study is based on shipping practices followed in accordance with the English Common Law throughout the chartering process （pre-fixture, fixture, execution of the charter, post fixture）. This is a synopsis about the distribution of the liabilities and expenses between the shipowner and the charterer in the most representative types of charter. The analysis is seen from a commercial stand point. Therefore, it is mostly addressed to the shipping practitioners, maritime economists, academics, students and researchers who seek to form a comprehensive view on the subject. It may also form a basis for further study on chartering aspects （legal, economic, managerial and practical）.

甲骨文推出Oracle Communications Services Gatekeeper

甲骨文公司日前宣布推出Oracle Communications Services Gatekeeper（以前称BEA WebLogic Network Gatekeeper），为通信服务提供一个运营商级的标准化环境，用以进行服务曝光、服务层政策执行、合作伙伴关系管理、网络存取控制等工作。

Commonwealth by Institution and Political Obligation in Hobbes＇s Leviathan

The principal thesis of this paper is that one must grasp the importance, or even the centrality, of Hobbes＇s idea of commonwealth by institution in Leviathan in order to fully understand and appreciate his arguments concerning the political obligation of obedience. Until recently, this idea has not been given its due significance in the literature. It has been commonly held that Hobbes＇s theorizing about the foundation of the state was based upon his concept of covenant. This paper argues that crucial aspects of political obligation generated by Hobbes＇s concept of covenant could not be understood without a clear understanding of the relationship among the three elements embodied in his idea of commonwealth by institution-covenant, authorization and right-transfer. While several attempts have been made on this topic, the pictures that have been drawn by Hobbesian scholars are more or less inadequate. In particular, the significant roles which authorization and right-transfer play in Hobbes＇s account of political obligation have yet been made clear. By shifting focus upon the idea of commonwealth by institution and taking it as Hobbes＇s mechanism of explaining the nature and origins of political obligation of obedience, this paper examines in detail the specific questions which Hobbes was addressing by coining this term and elicits what exactly he may have meant to convey to his audiences.

Is Anarchism Inevitable？ A Critique of Simmons＇ Treatment of Natural Duty Accounts of Political Obligation

Are citizens morally obligated to obey and support their states？ ＂Political Obligations and Authority＂ is perhaps A. John Simmons＇ most comprehensive summary of his mature views on this enduring philosophical problem. In this essay, Simmons critically engages Plato＇s dialogue Crito and culls from it three types of strategies for justifying political obligations： natural duty, associative, and transactional. Simmons argues that natural duty accounts are inherently incapable of providing moral grounding for political obligations, disqualifies both associative and transactional accounts on empirical grounds, and settles for a form of anarchism. I argue, assuming as Simmons does in this essay that natural duties imply obligations of support and obedience to political institutions, that the natural duty strategy promises to provide an escape route out of anarchism.

Obligation, Endemic Survival & the Complexity of Moral Judgement

This is a bioethical investigation into the nature of the endemic crisis,its survival,and the social construction of moral obligation during the Ebola crisis in Liberia,West Africa.The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the most considerable,most severe,and most complex Ebola epidemic thus far.At the close of the crisis in Liberia,six thousand infected persons survived unexpectedly.The ethics of Ebola and survival is exceptionally complicated and requires a complex theoretical explanation.While a categorical analysis of ethical theory cannot cover the full scope of this moral dilemma,a single concept carried over a range of models does;and,that concept is known as moral obligation.Exploring the obligation of others toward Ebola survivors helps locate,justify,and analyze the fear-based system of morality that arose from the world’s most severe endemic crisis.Examining the obligations of government,community,individuals,and foreign research initiatives toward the survivors of the West African Ebola endemic in Monrovia,this article explores the varying moralities of endemic crisis culture as it examines the complexity of judgment related to social obligation.

让GateKeeper为你看“家”

现在许多网友都有了自己的个人网站,有了网上的“家”。“家”里的东西有些欢迎所有人参观,而有些只想让家人或朋友看到,比如自己的私人照片、个人经历等等,此时网页的加密就显得非常重要了。

Gatekeeper标准型号热嘴

GatekeeperTM代表着技术性突破，它允许用户使用难以注塑成型的塑料，例如LCP、PEEK、POM，以及玻璃纤维含量高达60％的塑料原料，甚至高热敏性塑料也足以胜任。

Vaccination Obligation from the Perspective of the European Court of Human Rights——Taking the Case of Varif et al.v. Czech Republic as an Example

The case of Varif et al.v. Czech Republic concerned whether Czech legislation that imposed a moratorium on school attendance and a fine as a punitive mechanism for non-vaccination violates the European Convention on Human Rights by forcing children to receive routine vaccinations. In the ruling, the European Court of Human Rights reiterated that the choice of public health measures falls within the discretion of member states. Meanwhile, to limit the infringement of individual interests to what is necessary and reasonable, the European Court of Human Rights clarified the criteria for human rights protection for compulsory routine vaccination: It should have a legal basis, a lawful aim, and be in line with the “needs of a democratic society.” Accordingly, the European Court of Human Rights held that the legal provisions involved in the case did not violate the European Convention on Human Rights. As the first response of the European Court of Human Rights to compulsory vaccination, the case of Varif et al.v. Czech Republic strengthens the influence of the law of the European Union in the field of public health by upholding the discretion of member states. Besides, although the case involves only routine vaccination, the human rights protection criteria clarified in it can be taken as a reference for introducing vaccination measures against COVID-19 in the context of the global pandemic.

Gatekeeper在H.323网络中的功能

随着IP电话及会议电视等多媒体会议应用的逐步普及 ,在网络上传送H .32 3音频、视频信息流的需求迅速增加 ,Gatekeeper(关守 )的作用也越来越重要。

网络暴力治理:平台责任与守门人角色

网络暴力不仅侵害个人法益,而且破坏健康的网络生态。网络暴力概念的失焦,群体聚合作用下个体责任的模糊,表达自由与网络监管的平衡需要,使得网络暴力的治理面临诸多困难。在网络暴力多元共治的基本前提下,除了个体责任的认定之外,应当重视对网络平台的法律规制。不论是从网络技术和传播学的原理还是从法律责任认定的角度,这都是合理的选择。在当下网络空间违法信息与内容的治理中,突出大型网络平台的守门人角色,已经成为国外代表性法案的做法,这也是我国网络暴力规制的重要制度设计方案。网络平台守门人角色的法理内涵,可以从技术措施和义务承担两个角度来具体展开。网络平台守门人制度应当符合我国网络监管模式的国情,重视民法、行政法、刑法等不同部门法的不同规范目标追求,为其合理构建层级性差异,并通过明确可操作的具体规定来落实。