Volcanically Driven Terrestrial Environmental Perturbations during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Eastern Tethys

The Carnian Pluvial Episode(CPE)fingerprints global environmental perturbations and biological extinction on land and oceans and is potentially linked to the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province(LIP).However,the correlation between terrestrial environmental changes and Wrangellia volcanism in the Ordos Basin during the CPE remains poorly understood.Records of negative carbon isotopic excursions(NCIEs),mercury(Hg),Hg/TOC,and Hg enrichment factor(HgEF)from oil shales in a large-scale terrestrial Ordos Basin in the Eastern Tethys were correlated with marine and other terrestrial successions.The three significant NCIEs in the study section were consistently correlated with those in the CPE successions of Europe,the UK,and South and North China.The U-Pb geochronology indicates a Ladinian-Carnian age for the Chang 7 Member.A comprehensive overview of the geochronology,NCIE correlation,and previous bio-and chronostratigraphic frameworks shows that the Ladinian-Carnian boundary is located in the lower part of Chang 7 in the Yishicun section.HgEF may be a more reliable proxy for tracing volcanic eruptions than the Hg/TOC ratio because the accumulation rates of TOC content largely vary in terrestrial and marine successions.The records of Hg,Hg/TOC,HgEF,and NCIEs in the Ordos Basin aligned with Carnian successions worldwide and were marked by similar anomalies,indicating a global response to the Wrangellia LIP during the CPE.Anoxia,a warm-humid climate,enhancement of detrital input,and NCIEs are synchronous with the CPE interval in the Ordos Basin,which suggests that the CPE combined with the regional Qinling Orogeny should dominate the enhanced rate of terrigenous input and paleoenvironmental evolution in the Ordos Basin.

Chemical characteristics of PM_(2.5) during a typical haze episode in Guangzhou

The chemical characteristics（water-soluble ions and carbonaceous species） of PM2.5 in Guangzhou were measured during a typical haze episode.Most of the chemical species in PM2.5 showed significant difference between normal and haze days.The highest contributors to PM2.5 were organic carbon（OC）,nitrate,and sulfate in haze days and were OC,sulfate,and elemental carbon（EC） in normal days.The concentrations of secondary species such as,NO3^-,SO4^2-,and NH4^＋ in haze days were 6.5,3.9,and 5.3 times higher than those in normal days,respectively,while primary species（EC,Ca^2＋,K^＋） show similar increase from normal to haze days by a factor about 2.2-2.4.OC/EC ratio ranged from 2.8 to 6.2 with an average of 4.7 and the estimation on a minimum OC/EC ratio showed that SOC（secondary organic carbon） accounted more than 36.6% for the total organic carbon in haze days.The significantly increase in the secondary species（SOC,NO3^-,SO4^2-,and NH4^＋）,especially in NO3^-,caused the worst air quality in this region.Simultaneously,the result illustrated that the serious air pollution in haze episodes was strongly correlated with the meteorological conditions.During the sampling periods,air pollution and visibility had a good relationship with the air mass transport distance;the shorter air masses transport distance,the worse air quality and visibility in Guangzhou,indicating the strong domination of local sources contributing to haze formation.High concentration of the secondary aerosol in haze episodes was likely due to the higher oxidation rates of sulfur and nitrogen species.

HAZE-TO-FOG TRANSFORMATION DURING A LONG LASTING,LOW VISIBILITY EPISODE IN NANJING

Haze-to-fog transformation during a long lasting,low visibility episode was examined using the observations from a comprehensive field campaign conducted in Nanjing,China during 4-9 December 2013.In this episode,haze was transformed into fog and the fog lasted for dozens of hours.The impacts of meteorological factors such as wind,temperature(T) and relative humidity(RH) on haze,transition and fog during this episode were investigated.Results revealed significant differences between haze and fog days,due to their different formation mechanisms.Comparison was made for boundary-layer conditions during hazy days,haze-to-fog days and foggy days.Distributions of wind speed and wind direction as well as synoptic weather conditions around Nanjing had determinative impacts on the occurrences and characteristics of haze and fog.Weakened southerly wind in southern Nanjing resulted in high concentration of pollutants,and haze events occurred frequently during the study period.The wind speed was less than 1 m s^(-1) in the haze event,which resulted in a stable atmospheric condition and weak dispersion of the pollutants.The height of the temperature inversion was about 400 m during the period.The inversion intensity was weak and the temperature-difference was 4℃ km^(-1) or less in haze,while the inversion was stronger,and temperature-difference was about 6℃ km^(-1),approaching the inversion layer intensity in the fog event.Haze event is strongly influenced by ambient RH.RH values increased,which resulted in haze days evidently increased,suggesting that an increasing fraction of haze events be caused by hygroscopic growth of aerosols,rather than simply by high aerosol loading.When RH was above 90%,haze aerosols started to be transformed from haze to fog.This study calls for more efforts to control emissions to prevent haze events in the region.

Pollution Characteristics of PM2.5 during a Typical Haze Episode in Xiamen, China

In this study, mass concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles, mass concentrations of coarse particles, light extinction, and meteorological parameters in the atmosphere ofXiamenwere presented and analyzed to study the chemical and optical characteristics of a typical haze episode from Dec 25, 2010 to Jan 1, 2011. The major chemical compositions of PM2.5, such as water soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), carbonaceous fractions (mainly composed of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)), and elements were determined. The results showed that with the typical haze episode process, the concentrations of PM2.5 mass, WSIIs, OC, EC, and TE first increased and then decreased. The average concentrations of PM2.5 mass in the stages of Before Haze, During Haze, and After Haze were (88.80 ± 19.97), (135.41 ± 36.20), and (96.35 ± 36.26) μg/m3, respectively. The corresponding average concentrations of secondary organic carbon (SOC) were 6.72, 8.18, and 10.39 μg/m3, accounting for 46.5%, 27.0%, and 61.0% of OC, respectively. S42- , NO3-, and NH4+ were three major WSIIs species, accounting for 31.4%, 26.0%, and 12.1% of total WSIIs. The major elements in PM2.5 were S, K, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ti, and Mn, covering 97.9% of the total elements, while the percentage of the other ten elements was only 2.1%. The average value of light extinction coefficients (bext) was 371.0 ±147.1 Mm-1 during the typical haze episode. The average percentage contributions to bext were 39.3% for organic mass, 19.9% for elemental carbon, 16.0% for ammonium sulfate, 13.0% for coarse mass, and 11.8% for ammonium nitrate.

X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination mimicked stroke-like episodes: A case report

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations have been administered worldwide, with occasional reports of associated neurological complications. Specifically, the impact of vaccinations on individuals with Xlinked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1(CMTX1) is unclear. Patients with CMTX1 can have stroke-like episodes with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), although this is rare.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old man was admitted with episodic aphasia and dysphagia for 2 d. He received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination 39 d before admission. Physical examination showed pes cavus and reduced tendon reflexes. Brain MRI showed bilateral, symmetrical, restricted diffusion with T2 hyperintensities in the cerebral hemispheres. Nerve conduction studies revealed peripheral nerve damage. He was diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and a hemizygous mutation in the GJB1 gene on the X chromosome, known to be pathogenic for CMTX1, was identified. Initially, we suspected transient ischemic attack or demyelinating leukoencephalopathy. We initiated treatment with antithrombotic therapy and immunotherapy. At 1.5 mo after discharge, brain MRI showed complete resolution of lesions, with no recurrence.CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could be a predisposing factor for CMTX1 and trigger a sudden presentation.

Efficient Penetration Testing Path Planning Based on Reinforcement Learning with Episodic Memory

Intelligent penetration testing is of great significance for the improvement of the security of information systems,and the critical issue is the planning of penetration test paths.In view of the difficulty for attackers to obtain complete network information in realistic network scenarios,Reinforcement Learning(RL)is a promising solution to discover the optimal penetration path under incomplete information about the target network.Existing RL-based methods are challenged by the sizeable discrete action space,which leads to difficulties in the convergence.Moreover,most methods still rely on experts’knowledge.To address these issues,this paper proposes a penetration path planning method based on reinforcement learning with episodic memory.First,the penetration testing problem is formally described in terms of reinforcement learning.To speed up the training process without specific prior knowledge,the proposed algorithm introduces episodic memory to store experienced advantageous strategies for the first time.Furthermore,the method offers an exploration strategy based on episodic memory to guide the agents in learning.The design makes full use of historical experience to achieve the purpose of reducing blind exploration and improving planning efficiency.Ultimately,comparison experiments are carried out with the existing RL-based methods.The results reveal that the proposed method has better convergence performance.The running time is reduced by more than 20%.

Analysis of the Haze Weather Process in the East of China from January 21 to 28, 2021

Haze is a pollution weather phenomenon that has been widely concerned by people in recent years. It has a significant impact on people’s production, life, and health. This study focuses on large-scale haze weather that happened in eastern China in late January 2021. The research uses multi-party data and synoptic analysis methods to analyze the occurrence, evolution, and end of the haze weather. The polar vortex, the change of the atmospheric circulation, the change of the cold air force, the temperature and humidity, and the rain and snow weather are the important reasons for this weathering process. It can be used for reference in future research on haze weather.

Examining the Experiences and Challenges of Haze-Fog Governance in China

With the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, China is facing the challenge of severe HF (Haze-Fog) pollution. This essay compares the advantages and disadvantages of China’s HF management and summarizes the important lessons China can teach the rest of the world about applying this tactic. China’s capabilities in the digital economy, National Innovation Demonstration Zones, and urban innovation systems are examined in this article, along with its shortcomings in information mechanisms and pollution sources. This essay also summarizes China’s achievements, particularly regarding local autonomy. The essay goes on to say, however, that China is probably going to be under more pressure to manage HF in the future, both in terms of long-term solutions and the economy.

三维动画Episode的设计与制作

随着计算机处理图形图像的技术日益完善,CG制作越来越频繁地出现在生活中,其中的三维动画尤为常见。Maya是现在国际最为流行的顶级三维动画制作软件。通过Episode动画短片的制作,介绍运用Maya制作三维动画的步骤和过程。

Episode:互动小说移动应用市场的先驱

艾匹·德互动公司(Episode Interactive)开发的移动应用程序Episode是全球最早开发的互动小说应用之一,也是目前世界上最大的移动叙事网络和平台之一。凭借对移动娱乐市场的敏锐嗅觉,它在欧美移动互动小说市场取得了先发优势,构建了以用户生成内容(UGC)、自主研发、IP改编三端驱动内容生产,以年轻女性群体为主要受众,以付费道具模式和广告为主要收入来源的成熟出版生态和商业模式,并拥有世界上最大的互动叙事创作者社区之一。虽然由于受受众群体、内容主题和资本博弈等因素的影响,移动互动小说市场的竞争异常激烈,但Episode凭借着良好的用户基础和在UGC领域的多年耕耘,有应对挑战的资本和信心。

Chronology of the Tungsten Deposits in Southern Jiangxi Province, and Episodes and Zonation of the Regional W-Sn Mineralization-Evidence from High-precision Zircon U-Pb, Molybdenite Re-Os and Muscovite Ar-Ar Ages

Previous studies have obtained some petrogenetic and metallogenic chronological data with SHRIMP （sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe） zircon U-Pb, zircon LA-ICPMS （laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy） U-Pb, molybdenite Re-Os isochron and muscovite Ar-Ar methods in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas. Based on these, the purpose of this paper is to study the petrogenetic and metallogenic ages and their time gap for different genetic types of W-Sn deposits, and thus to research their numerous episodes, zonal arrangement and their geodynamic background. The result shows that the large-scale W-Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province occurred in the middle to late Jurassic （170-150 Ma）, the skarn W-Sn-polymetallic deposits formed much earlier （170-161 Ma）, and all of the wolframite-quartz vein type, greisen type, altered granite type and fractured zone type tungsten deposits formed in the late Jurassic （160-150 Ma）. In one ore field or ore district, greisen type tungsten deposits formed earlier than quartz vein type ones hosted in the endoor exo-contact zone; and quartz vein type hosted in the endocontact zone formed earlier than that of exocontact zone. There is no significant time difference between tungstentin mineralization and its intimately associated parent granite emplacement （1-6 Ma）. They all formed in the same rock-forming and ore-forming system and under the same geodynamic setting. Regionally, rock-forming and ore-forming processes of the W-Sn deposits in the Nanling region （include southern Jiangxi Province, southern Hunan Province, northern Guangdong Province and eastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region） exhibit numerous episodes. The mineralization in the Nanling region mainly occurred at （240-210） Ma, （170-150） Ma and （130-90） Ma. The tungsten-tin deposits in this region are centered by the largest scale in southern Jiangxi Province and southern Hunan Province, and become small in the east, west, south and north directions. This displays a zonal arrangement and temporal and spatial distribution regularity. Integrated with the latest research results, it is concluded that the W-Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas corresponds to the second large-scale mineralization in South China. The Indosinian W-Sn mineralization formed under the extensional tectonic regime between collisional compressional stages, while the Yanshanian large-scale petrogenetic and metallogenic processes occurred in the Jurassic intraplate extensional geodynamic setting of lithosphere extension.

Delayed Impacts of the El Nio Episodes in the Central Pacific on the Summertime Climate Anomalies of Eastern China in 2003 and 2007

In the summers of 2003 and 2007, eastern China suffered similar climate disasters with severe flooding in the Huaihe River valley and heat waves in the southern Yangtze River delta and South China. Using SST data and outgoing longwave radiation （OLR） data from NOAA along with reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR, the 2002/03 and 2006/07 E1 Nifio episodes in the central Pacific and their delayed impacts on the following early summertime climate anomalies of eastern China were analyzed. The possible physical progresses behaved as follows： Both of the moderate E1 Ninio episodes matured in the central equatorial Pacific during the early winter. The zonal wind anomalies near the sea surface of the west-central equatorial Pacific excited equatorial Kelvin waves propagating eastward and affected the evolution of the E1 Nifio episodes. From spring to early summer, the concurring anomalous easterly winds in the central equatorial Pacific and the end of upwelling Kelvin waves propagating eastward in the western equatorial Pacific, favored the equatorial warm water both of the SST and the subsurface temperature in the western Pacific. These conditions favored the warm state of the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer for both cases of 2003 and 2007. Due to the active convection in the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer and the weak warm SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific from spring to early summer, the convective activities in the western Pacific warm pool showed the pattern in which the anomalous strong convection only appeared over the southern regions of the tropical western Pacific warm pool, which effects the meridional shift of the western Pacific subtropical high in the summer. The physical progress of the delayed impacts of the E1 Nino episodes in the central equatorial Pacific and their decaying evolution on the climate anomalies in eastern China were interpreted through the key role of special pattern for the heat convection in the tropical western Pacific warm pool and the response of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone.

Episodes of Cenozoic Gold Mineralization on the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:40Ar/39Ar Dating and Implication for Geodynamic Events

A lot of new gold deposits have been found on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the past two decades. Among them, three main types of gold deposits have been recognized, including quartz-vein-type, shear- zone-type and porphyry-type. The former two types of gold deposits are mainly hosted within metamorphic rocks, while the latter is related to Cenozoic magmatism. Although all of these gold deposits are believed to have been formed during the uplift process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Cenozoic era (Wang et al., 2002b), precise isotopic age constraints have still been lacking until quite recently. This paper presents new 40Ar/39Ar data of some gold deposits on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which indicate that gold mineralization in the region occurred in response to the episodic stages of the orogenies. Recently obtained 40Ar/39Ar data on quartz and feldspars from several gold deposits, such as the Sandiao deposit, the Baijintaizi deposit, the Pusagang deposits, provide new constraints on gold mineralization on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geochronological studies of gold deposits along the Daduhe River indicate that there are three stages of gold mineralization. The early two stages occurred as early as 65.1 Ma in the Shuibaiyang deposit and 58.95 Ma in the Ruoji deposit, while the latter stage occurred as late as 25.35 Ma in Baijintaizi and 24.70 Ma in Sandiao. Isotopic dating of three plagioclases from the Beiya deposit, Zhifanggou deposit and Luobodi deposit and a K-feldspar from the Jinchangqing deposit in Yunnan Province indicates that these deposits were formed at two stages. The Zhifanggou and Jinchangqing deposits have early stage records as old as 58.82 Ma in Zhifanggou and 55.49 Ma in Jinchangqing, but all of the above four deposits in Yunnan have late stage records of 23.18 Ma in Jinchangqing, 24.54 Ma in Zhifanggou, 24.60 Ma in Luobodi and 24.56 Ma in Hongnitang. The above results suggest that the gold deposits on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were formed concentratedly at two main episodes, i.e. the end of the Paleocene (about 58 Ma) and the boundary between the Paleogene and the Neogene (about 25 Ma). The later episode appears to be looks like more important and was coupled with the Sichuan movement, which was extensively activated at that period. The beginning of the Cenozoic Era (about 65 Ma) might be another episode of gold mineralization, but only one deposit (Shuibaiyang) in this study has been proved to have been be formed at this stage and might be earlier than the initial collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasia Plate. In view of geology, the above three episodes of gold mineralization are associated with three events of tectonic- magmatism and/or fluid events. Even though the gold deposits (for example, the Shuibaiyang deposit, Ruoji deposit and Pusagang deposit) were formed at different episodes, all of them are genetically related to tectonic movements in large- scale shear zones. It looks like theat tectonic events (including large-scale strike-slip) between Paleogene and Neogene had a wide influence upon gold mineralization, with new deposits formed and old deposits enriched or superimposed to be a higher grade by new stage of mineralization. The above data suggest that gold deposits were not only concentrated in some areas, but also formed mainly at different boundaries of geological times, indicating that there existed some peak stages of gold mineralization (metallogenic episodes), and that the gold deposits were formed mainly by episodic mineralization.

Tectonic evolution of structures in Southern Sindh Monocline,Indus Basin,Pakistan formed in multi-extensional tectonic episodes of Indian Plate

There are a number of structures and structural styles found in extensional tectonic settings of the world,and it is a big challenge to study the evolution of these structures. Evolution of structures formed in extensional tectonic settings have been studied by researchers on different extensional basins of the world. Southern Sindh Monocline lies on the western corner of Indian Plate and the tectonic history of Indian plate has also experienced different extensional episodes, and its journey rifted from Gondwanaland to its final welding to Asia. The aim of this study is to figure out the evolution of structures in the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline, Pakistan using the seismic data interpretation and flattening of horizons approach. Structures within the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline have been characterized by different tectonic episodes of Indian plate while rifting from Gondwanaland, rifting from other plates at different geological times and to its collision with the Asia. Basic structures within study area are classified into nine types while the structural styles have been classified into six types as horst and grabens, dominos, crotch, synthetic and antithetic, negative and flashlight structural style. The structures within the study area revealed evidence for three major structural episodes which can be characterized as Episode 1: Structures associated with rifting of Indian plate from Gondwanaland during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Episode 2: Modification and reactivation of previous structures while Madagascar rifted from Indian Plate during the Middle Cretaceous and during Episode 3: Inversion and reactivation of structures occurred when Indian Plate collided with Asia during Early Eocene.

Study of negatives symptoms in first episode schizophrenia

Background: Prevalence of negative symptoms in the early phase of schizophrenia remains uncertain. Negative symptoms are the primary cause of long term disability and poor functional outcome. The purpose of this study is to examine the presence of negative symptoms in patients with fist episode psychosis in schizophrenia who were hospitalized. Methods: Negative symptoms were measured in 72 patients presenting with FEP using the scale for assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) and ascertained diagnosis using DSM-IV. Prevalence of SANS items and subscales were examined for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Results: This study shows that a significant number of patients with first episode schizophrenia had negative symptoms 66 (87.5%). All five subtypes of negative symptoms were present in 47% of patients suggesting primary negative symptoms, and about 40% have secondary negative symptoms. Independently, each subtype of negative symptoms was seen in 48% - 76% of patients. The most prevalent negative symptom in first-episode schizophrenia was found to be blunting (72%). 46% of patients had significant level of depression, overall psychopathology was severe and level of functioning was poor. We found that 45.8% patients were prescribed anticholinergic medications which indicated that at least 45% subjects had extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS). Conclusion: Primary negative symptoms are prevalent in about half of First episode Psychosis (FEP) schizophrenia patients. These findings have implications for identification, early treatment, and reduced treatment resistance for negative symptoms in order to increase social and clinical outcome of schizophrenia. Further research is required in this area.

Modeling Arctic Ocean heat transport and warming episodes in the 20th century caused by the intruding Atlantic Water

This study investigates the Arctic Ocean warming episodes in the 20th century using both a high-resolution coupled global climate model and historical observations. The model, with no flux adjustment, reproduces well the Atlantic Water core temperature （AWCT） in the Arctic Ocean and shows that four largest decadalscale warming episodes occurred in the 1930s, 70s, 80s, and 90s, in agreement with the hydrographic observational data. The difference is that there was no pre-warming prior to the 1930s episode, while there were two pre-warming episodes in the 1970s and 80s prior to the 1990s, leading the 1990s into the largest and prolonged warming in the 20th century. Over the last century, the simulated heat transport via Fram Strait and the Barents Sea was estimated to be, on average, 31.32 TW and 14.82 TW, respectively, while the Bering Strait also provides 15.94 TW heat into the west- ern Arctic Ocean. Heat transport into the Arctic Ocean by the Atlantic Water via Fram Strait and the Barents Sea correlates significantly with AWCT （ C = 0.75 ） at 0- lag. The modeled North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） index has a significant correlation with the heat transport （ C = 0.37 ）. The observed AWCT has a significant correlation with both the modeled AWCT （ C =0.49） and the heat transport （ C =0.41 ）. However, the modeled NAO index does not significantly correlate with either the observed AWCT （ C = 0.03 ） or modeled AWCT （ C = 0.16 ） at a zero-lag, indicating that the Arctic climate system is far more complex than expected.

Cluster headache as a manifestation of a stroke-like episode in a carrier of the MT-ND3 variant m.10158T>C

In a recent article Fu et al reported about a 52 years old female with a mitochondrial disorder due to the variant m.10158T>C in the mtDNA located gene MT-ND3.The study has a number of shortcomings.The study would particularly profit from providing more data about multisystem disease,from providing the current medication,the cerebro-spinal fluid findings,the detailed phenotypic presentation,and the genotype of first-degree relatives.Since the index patient had experienced recurrent seizures it is crucial to know the current and previous anti-seizure medication as it may strongly determine the outcome.Some of them are mitochondrion-toxic and particularly valproic acid may exhibit fatal side effects.The outcome may also depend on the degree of multisystem involvement why it is crucial to prospectively investigate the patient for subclinical involvement of organs not obviously affected.Additionally,the outcome of the stroke-like lesions on imaging would be interesting to see.Strokelike lesions may completely disappear or may end up as white matter lesion,laminar cortical necrosis,focal atrophy,cyst,or as the so-called toenail sign.There is also a need of discussing more profoundly the imaging findings and their diagnostic significance and to investigate first degree relatives of the index patient clinically and genetically.Though highly interesting,the presentation of this case of a mitochondrial disorder lacks clinical and genetic data of the patient and his relatives.Outcome parameters,such as severity of disease,degree of progression,drugs,pathogenicity of the mutation,and multisystem involvement require a profound discussion.

A Discussion on the Characteristics of Tectonic Transformation and Its Mechanism of 2nd Episode of Zhu-Qiong Movement in Zhu 1 Depression, South China

Based on the detailed interpretation of high-accuracy 3D seismic data, the characteristics of regional unconformities, fracture systems, sedimentary filling and paleo-stress field in Zhu 1 depression were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that 2nd episode of Zhu-Qiong movement was an important tectonic transformation that occurred during rifting, basin structure patterns above and below the regional angular unconformity caused by 2nd episode had distinct differences. The orientations of those basin-controlling faults changed from NE, NEE to EW, NWW, which indicated that the paleo-stress field veered from NNW extension clockwise to sub-NS extension and basin structures patterns transformed from NE, NEE strong rifting to sub-EW, NWW weak rifting. The depocenter showed seesaw-like migration from S to N. And the sedimentary systems transformed from semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies to braided river delta facies developed in shore-shallow lacustrine. Combined with its tectonic recombination of periphery plates that period, the mechanism of above tectonic transformation had direct correspondence to the readjustment of the Indian plate and the Pacific plate. The southward subduction of the pro-to-south China Sea is the direct cause of this tectonic transformation.

THE FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF WARM AND COLD EPISODES IN THE NIO REGIONS

On the basis of NOAA/CPC data of sea surface temperature anomaly in the Nio regions during Jan. 1950 – Dec. 2003, the wavelet power spectrum of SST were studied with significance and confidence testing at different scales in this paper. It shows that the SST are provided with multi-time scales structure nested one another, and vary on scales of 2 – 7 years, 8 – 20 years and >30 years. The most significant variation of the warm and cold episodes is in the 4-year band of period. The power, frequency structure and confidence of the same episode are different in different Nio regions. The intensity of oscillations is increasing at low frequency bands and decreasing at high frequency bands from east to west in the Ni?o regions, especially after 1970.

Dysfunction of cognition patterns measured by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） among first episode schizophrenia patients and their biological parents

背景:精神分裂症的临床表现为特征性的知觉、思维、情感和行为等障碍。认知障碍也是精神分裂症核心症状之一。20世纪70年代早期Gallhofer曾提出过,精神分裂症除有阳性或阴性症状,也存在认知障碍。许多研究表明,精神分裂症的一级亲属中存在遗传易感性。认知障碍不仅急性期存在,维持巩固期也会有。有研究还显示,精神分裂症健康的一级亲属亦存在认知缺陷。但对精神分裂症及其生物学父母的认知特征研究仍缺乏。本研究,我们假设精神分裂症及其生物学父母存在特定的认知功能障碍,拟采用认知功能成套测验共识版(MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,MCCB)中文版,以探讨精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母的认知模式。目的:精神分裂症的认知特征可能受到其生物学父母认知模式的影响。研究旨在描绘精神分裂症患者与其父母之间的功能失调的认知模式。方法:采用认知功能成套测验共识版(MCCB,一种新的测量工具)评估29例首发精神分裂症(符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准,年龄17-45岁),58例精神分裂症患者的生物学父母(年龄40-70岁)和46例健康对照(年龄40-70岁)的认知功能,以探讨精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母之间的认知功能障碍之间的关系。所有数据使用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析。结果:1)男性精神分裂症患者与其父亲相比在MCCB认知功能测定的6个维度有明显认知缺陷(除社会认知功能外)。女性患者的工作记忆和问题推理能力都低于其母亲。2)患者父亲和健康对照组之间的工作记忆和推理问题也存在显著差异。3)与健康对照组相比,患者母亲在问题推理方面没有明显的差异,但视觉记忆有异常。结论:首发精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母在6个维度存在认知功能障碍。患者父母在工作记忆、问题推理和视觉记忆等方面也存在明显功能障碍。仍需深入研究以揭示首发精神分裂症及其生物学父母存在认知功能障碍的潜在机制。