Melatonin is a conserved pleiotropic molecule in animals and plants.Melatonin is involved in many development processes and stress responses;thus,exploring its function in plants,particularly in horticultural plants,h...Melatonin is a conserved pleiotropic molecule in animals and plants.Melatonin is involved in many development processes and stress responses;thus,exploring its function in plants,particularly in horticultural plants,has become a rapidly developing field.Many studies have revealed that phytomelatonin acts as a plant biostimulant and increase its tolerance to various abiotic stressors,including extreme temperature,drought,osmotic disturbance,heavy metals,and ultraviolet(UV).Melatonin appears to have roles in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and other free radicals,affecting the primary and secondary metabolism of plants,regulating the transcripts of stress-related enzymes and transcription factors,and crosstalk with other hormones under different environmental conditions.This pleiotropy makes phytomelatonin an attractive regulator to improve resistance to abiotic stress in plants.The recent discovery of the potential phytomelatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1 and the proposition of putative models related to the phytomelatonin signaling pathways makes phytomelatonin a new plant hormone.Based on relevant studies from our laboratory,this review summarizes the phytomelatonin biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in plants and the latest research progress on phytomelatonin in abiotic stress of horticultural plants.This study will provide a reference for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of phytomelatonin affecting the resistance to abiotic stress in plants.展开更多
Flower and fruit abscission is a highly programmed physiological process,which is closely related to the yield of horticultural plants.The coordination of many regulatory factors associated with metabolic and signalin...Flower and fruit abscission is a highly programmed physiological process,which is closely related to the yield of horticultural plants.The coordination of many regulatory factors associated with metabolic and signaling pathways plays a key role in the flower and fruit shedding.Hormones,peptides,carbohydrates,polyamines or cell wall modifying proteins regulate flower and fruit shedding.This article reviewed the recent studies of flower and fruit abscission,including the molecular regulation mechanism of abscission zone formation,typical structure and location of abscission zones,and other factors affecting flower and fruit abscission,such as stresses,hormones,peptides,carbohydrates,polyamines and cell wall modifying proteins.Overall,the review summarizes the developmental mechanism and the diversity of abscission zones,and the key factors affecting flower and fruit abscission of horticultural plants,aiming to provide guidance for studying the molecular regulatory mechanism of flower and fruit abscission.展开更多
Horticultural Plant Biotechnology is a core course of undergraduate teaching of horticulture with high practicality.For students,its contents are too complex and abstract to master.In order to strengthen the teaching ...Horticultural Plant Biotechnology is a core course of undergraduate teaching of horticulture with high practicality.For students,its contents are too complex and abstract to master.In order to strengthen the teaching effect of the course,stimulate students’interest in learning,improve students’ability to analyze and solve problems,this article makes an in-depth analysis of the complicated and abstract knowledge points,the endless emergence of new knowledge,the disconnection between practice and experimental teaching in the Horticultural Plant Biotechnology course.Based on the analysis,it puts forward the reasonable and blend methods of online teaching,to cultivate innovative and practical ability of students.展开更多
Advances in horticulture plant biotechnologies provide new opportunities for researchers to study the field of vegetative propagation and genetic engineering. Developments of clonal propagation methods, especially som...Advances in horticulture plant biotechnologies provide new opportunities for researchers to study the field of vegetative propagation and genetic engineering. Developments of clonal propagation methods, especially somatic embryogenesis (SE), have numerous potential applications. This paper reviewed progress of research on SE in horticultural plants in last decade;analyzed plant regeneration having both direct and indirect SE from the characteristics of occurrence means, but mainly in an indirect way;and discussed the impact factors of SE, as well as reviewed the research in the practical applications of horticulture plants SE in the practice.展开更多
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated 9(CRISPR/Cas9)system has recently become one popular technology due to its efficiency,precision,and simplicity compared with other genome edi...Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated 9(CRISPR/Cas9)system has recently become one popular technology due to its efficiency,precision,and simplicity compared with other genome editing tools such as Zinc Finger Nucleases(ZFNs)and Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases(TALENs).Horticultural crops provide energy and health-keeping nutrients to humankind.Genome-editing technology has become widely adopted in horticultural breeding with the increasing demand for high yield and better-quality horticultural crops.Here,we describe the CRISPR/Cas9 system construction,its optimization,including sgRNA promoter,sgRNA design,Cas9 protein promoter,SpCas9 variants and orthologs,and vector delivery methods.We also summarized the application of this technology in horticultural plants for stress responses enhancement,fruit quality improvement,and cultivation traits modification.This detailed review was compiled to help establish comprehensive understanding of the CRISPR/Cas9 systems and provide a reference for further developing this technology to manipulate horticultural plant traits effectively.展开更多
Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease ca...Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172598,32172599)Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(Grant No.320LH013)+1 种基金the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant No.CEFF-PXM2019-014207-000032)Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(Grant No.BAIC01-2024).
文摘Melatonin is a conserved pleiotropic molecule in animals and plants.Melatonin is involved in many development processes and stress responses;thus,exploring its function in plants,particularly in horticultural plants,has become a rapidly developing field.Many studies have revealed that phytomelatonin acts as a plant biostimulant and increase its tolerance to various abiotic stressors,including extreme temperature,drought,osmotic disturbance,heavy metals,and ultraviolet(UV).Melatonin appears to have roles in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and other free radicals,affecting the primary and secondary metabolism of plants,regulating the transcripts of stress-related enzymes and transcription factors,and crosstalk with other hormones under different environmental conditions.This pleiotropy makes phytomelatonin an attractive regulator to improve resistance to abiotic stress in plants.The recent discovery of the potential phytomelatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1 and the proposition of putative models related to the phytomelatonin signaling pathways makes phytomelatonin a new plant hormone.Based on relevant studies from our laboratory,this review summarizes the phytomelatonin biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in plants and the latest research progress on phytomelatonin in abiotic stress of horticultural plants.This study will provide a reference for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of phytomelatonin affecting the resistance to abiotic stress in plants.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31972470,32002100,31772370)Key research and development project of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant No.2021YFQ0071)。
文摘Flower and fruit abscission is a highly programmed physiological process,which is closely related to the yield of horticultural plants.The coordination of many regulatory factors associated with metabolic and signaling pathways plays a key role in the flower and fruit shedding.Hormones,peptides,carbohydrates,polyamines or cell wall modifying proteins regulate flower and fruit shedding.This article reviewed the recent studies of flower and fruit abscission,including the molecular regulation mechanism of abscission zone formation,typical structure and location of abscission zones,and other factors affecting flower and fruit abscission,such as stresses,hormones,peptides,carbohydrates,polyamines and cell wall modifying proteins.Overall,the review summarizes the developmental mechanism and the diversity of abscission zones,and the key factors affecting flower and fruit abscission of horticultural plants,aiming to provide guidance for studying the molecular regulatory mechanism of flower and fruit abscission.
基金Research Project on Education and Teaching Reform of Higher Education Institutions in Hainan Province(Hnjg2016-12)Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of Hainan University(hdjy1604).
文摘Horticultural Plant Biotechnology is a core course of undergraduate teaching of horticulture with high practicality.For students,its contents are too complex and abstract to master.In order to strengthen the teaching effect of the course,stimulate students’interest in learning,improve students’ability to analyze and solve problems,this article makes an in-depth analysis of the complicated and abstract knowledge points,the endless emergence of new knowledge,the disconnection between practice and experimental teaching in the Horticultural Plant Biotechnology course.Based on the analysis,it puts forward the reasonable and blend methods of online teaching,to cultivate innovative and practical ability of students.
文摘Advances in horticulture plant biotechnologies provide new opportunities for researchers to study the field of vegetative propagation and genetic engineering. Developments of clonal propagation methods, especially somatic embryogenesis (SE), have numerous potential applications. This paper reviewed progress of research on SE in horticultural plants in last decade;analyzed plant regeneration having both direct and indirect SE from the characteristics of occurrence means, but mainly in an indirect way;and discussed the impact factors of SE, as well as reviewed the research in the practical applications of horticulture plants SE in the practice.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFD1000100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31972378)Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2019LZGC007)
文摘Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated 9(CRISPR/Cas9)system has recently become one popular technology due to its efficiency,precision,and simplicity compared with other genome editing tools such as Zinc Finger Nucleases(ZFNs)and Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases(TALENs).Horticultural crops provide energy and health-keeping nutrients to humankind.Genome-editing technology has become widely adopted in horticultural breeding with the increasing demand for high yield and better-quality horticultural crops.Here,we describe the CRISPR/Cas9 system construction,its optimization,including sgRNA promoter,sgRNA design,Cas9 protein promoter,SpCas9 variants and orthologs,and vector delivery methods.We also summarized the application of this technology in horticultural plants for stress responses enhancement,fruit quality improvement,and cultivation traits modification.This detailed review was compiled to help establish comprehensive understanding of the CRISPR/Cas9 systems and provide a reference for further developing this technology to manipulate horticultural plant traits effectively.
文摘Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L.
基金国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于高压人群身心健康的工作环境绿色空间体系研究”(编号51978364)国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“北京地区城市森林疗养空间特征识别及健康效益定量评价”(编号51908310)Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Institute Cross discipline Program共同资助。
