Principles and Methods for Construction of Lowcarbon Landscape Architecture

After illustrating history of low-carbon theory and concept of low-carbon economy,the paper had indentified connotation and principles of low-carbon landscape architecture,pointed out that construction of low-carbon landscape architecture should follow principles of "site respect,natural power,landscape heterogeneity and nature manifestation".Furthermore,it discussed methods for construction of low-carbon landscape architecture,highlighting rainwater reserve utilization,green landscape structure,effluent purification circulation,architectural materials selection and carbon sink increase by plants.Low-carbon urban landscaping concept and technology provided a new way of thinking for landscaping construction and they were also the urgent needs for construction of low-carbon city.

Discussion and Application of Planning EIA Index System in the Industrial Development Region Based on Low Carbon Economy

Aimed at the low carbon economy and the characteristics of planning EIA in the industrial development region,the planning EIA index system which merged with the low carbon economy concept in the industrial development region was established.The construction planning of national eco-industrial park in Hefei High-tech Industrial Development Zone was comprehensively evaluated by using the gray correlation method.The evaluation results of considering and without considering the low carbon index were contrasted and were verified by using the improved entropy method.The results showed that the regional sustainable development index constantly rose,and the planning was reasonable.Moreover,the suggestions were also put forward to tackle the problems.

Optimization and Regulation Policy for Land Use Changes Based on Low-carbon Emission in Developed Regions of China

Land use and cover change(LUCC) is one of the important causes of the Earth’s carbon cycle imbalances resulting from failure in optimizing land use. The solution to this problem has been the hotspot of research in land and environmental science. We took 'low carbon', 'energy saving' and 'high-efficiency' as the goals of land use optimization,and integrated Markov-CA(Cellular Automaton),the Grid-Fractal model and GIS,in order to study carbon emission objective function,to establish a simulation method for land use spatial allocation optimization,to evaluate the effect of the method on carbon emissions. Regulation policy on three types of land use spatial allocation was proposed,including 'low-carbon type', 'low-carbon-economic type' and 'economic type'. We applied the method to analyze the land use spatial allocation in Taixing City of the 'Yangtze River Delta' regions in China,and obtained the following results:(i) The three optimization types would improve carbon emissions by 3. 21%,1. 80% and 0. 36% respectively in 2020,compared with 2010;(ii) The actual planning for 2020 was close to the 'low-carbon-economic type';(iii) The optimization method and regulation policy,combining local optimization and global control,could meet the sustainable multi-objective requirements for low-carbon constraints of land use spatial allocation. The result of this research could also serve as a reference for exploration into patterns of regional low-carbon land use and measures for energy saving and emission reduction.

Low-carbon Concepts in the Planning of Residential Communities

It has become a common pursuit of designers to construct comfortable,energy-conserving,high-efficiency and natural living environment since the early 21st century.In the coming low-carbon age,the evolution of low-carbon concepts will surely bring positive influence on the present planning concepts of residential community,and meanwhile,propose higher requirements on the natural and ecological properties of residential community,such as its infrastructure construction,traffic organization,environment greening and so on.Through analyzing relevant concepts of low carbon,the authors studied the development of low-carbon concepts in "human-centered" designs,and its applications in architecture,traffic and green spaces.This study proposed that the improvement of low-carbon society could be started from the design of low-carbon residential communities,so as to satisfy the increasing ecological needs of people on living environment,and play a promotional role in facilitating the sustainable development of society.

Relationship Between Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Soil Conditions in Low Mountain and Hilly Region of Northeast China

The soil and water conservation practices of ecological restoration(ER),fish scale pit(FP),furrow and ridge tillage across the slope(FR),shrub strips(SS),and vegetation-covered ridge(VR)are characteristic of the Jixing small watershed of the low mountain and hilly region of Jilin Province,Northeast China.This study aims to elucidate the effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil conditions after the short-term implementation of practices.Soil samples were collected from five soil and water conservation sites(ER,FP,FR,SS,and VR)and two controls(BL and CT)to investigate their properties.To evaluate the influence of soil and water conservation practices on soil quality,an integrated quantitative index,soil quality index(QI),was developed to compare the soil quality under the different soil and water conservation practices.The results show that not all soil and water conservation practices can improve the soil conditions and not all soil properties,especially soil organic carbon(SOC),can be recovered under soil and water conservation practice in short-term.Moreover,the QI in the five soil and water conservation practices and two controls was in the following order:ER>VR>BL>FR>CT>SS>FP.ER exhibited a higher soil quality value on a slope scale.In the low mountain and hilly region of Northeast China,ER is a better choice than the conversion of farmlands to planted grasslands and woodlands early in the soil and water conservation program.

Decomposition of factors influencing carbon emissions in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,based on the perspective of terminal energy consumption

In order to analyze the factors influencing carbon emissions in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and to explore the pathways to developing a low-carbon economy,this paper begins with the terminal energy consumption of three industries and residential consumption,and constructs an identical equation which is composed of population size,level of economic development,energy intensity,the proportion of energy consumption,energy structure,and the coefficient of carbon emissions.Based on the data of terminal energy consumption during 2000-2012,various factors are analyzed and their contribution is measured by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI).The results show that the levels of population and economy have a positive driving effect while energy intensity,energy structure,and carbon intensity have a negative driving effect;the proportion of energy consumption had a negative driving effect prior to 2006,then changed to positive.Among suggestions for a low-carbon economy are controlling population size,improving the quality of economic development,supporting research into new energy technology,accelerating regional integration and optimizing industrial structure,and enhancing environmental protection and spreading the concept of a low-carbon economy.

Low Carbon Business Community——低碳商务社区理念在虹桥商务区的实践

低碳理念-从城市建设的最初阶段将节能低碳的理念引入城市中,从根本上抑制城市能源消耗及二氧化碳的排放。城市规划设计中主要从城市交通、城市布局形态、能源规划使用以及建筑设计对节能减排进行有效的控制引导,低碳理念促使城市设计的方案形成,并始终指导着随后的城市开发建设。

考虑碳流约束的电力系统能碳安全域模型与计算方法

针对当前电力系统碳减排任务与安全稳定运行需求,研究电力系统低碳安全运行技术。现有的能量流安全域模型使电力系统安全监视与控制更加科学有效,但忽略了系统运行过程中可能存在的“高碳”风险。文中提出了一种考虑碳流约束的电力系统能碳耦合安全域(简称能碳安全域)模型与计算方法,旨在保证系统安全性的同时减排提效。为完整刻画电力系统的低碳运行能力极限,分别从负荷端和源端角度提出了考虑碳流约束的系统最大供电能力曲线及最大消纳能力曲线模型。基于系统最大供电能力工作点,提出了能碳安全边界仿真拟合计算方法,实现了能碳安全域的降维观测。最后,结合算例验证了所提模型的有效性。

低碳转型能否推动区域协调发展?——来自“低碳城市”建设的经验证据

实施区域协调发展战略是实现共同富裕,推进中国式现代化的关键路径。基于2006-2019年中国243个地级及以上城市的面板数据,运用双重差分法系统考察了低碳转型对区域协调发展的影响及其作用机制,研究发现:低碳城市建设能显著缩小非中心城市与中心城市的经济差距,而且对于整体发展水平较低、工业依赖型和距离中心城市较近的城市,在缩小与中心城市的经济差距方面有更明显的影响。低碳城市建设缩小区域经济差距的主要传导机制来自城市产业低碳转型、技术创新能力的增强与人力资本的流入。这意味着低碳转型有助于实现“碳中和”与区域协调发展的“双赢”目标。为统筹推进绿色低碳发展和共同富裕,要建立绿色低碳转型的区域协作机制,加快产业绿色低碳升级改造,以低碳转型为契机加强人才引进等。

“双碳”目标下农产品区域公用品牌生态系统影响因素研究

构建农产品区域公用品牌的生态系统模型,同时识别并解析系统中的核心要素及其内在关系,采用模糊决策实验室分析法(FUZZY DEMATEL)和解释结构模型(ISM)相结合的集成方法,为“双碳”目标下农产品区域公用品牌实现可持续发展提供决策依据。研究发现,农产品区域公用品牌生态系统受多维度的综合影响,涵盖了6个主要方面的24个具体因素。其中,最直接的影响因素涉及农业龙头企业的领导作用、低碳包装、跨境低碳化实践和公共服务的广泛应用4个关键领域。此外,还有13个中间因素,如消费者责任意识和文化环境的影响等,它们连接着生态系统的底层与顶层。最后,政治环境、生态环境、生态文明理念和粮食安全等7个因素,作为系统的本质因素,对整个生态系统的健康运行具有决定性影响。

基于系统动力学的民族地区旅游业低碳化转型模式研究

民族地区旅游业的低碳转型对于破解欠发达地区能源环境约束下的旅游经济增长困局、实现节能减排与经济增长的“双赢”至关重要。通过构建民族地区旅游业低碳化转型系统动力学模型,论文绘制出需求、供给、支持、中介四大子系统耦合的因果关系图和存量流量图,并运用Vensim软件以典型民族地区广西三江侗族自治县为例进行实证分析,对未来不同发展模式下三江县旅游业低碳化转型系统进行仿真试验。结果显示:相较于自然转型模式和高速转型模式,三江县旅游业在适度转型模式下的综合效益更好,在实现旅游业低碳转型的同时提高了政府、居民收入和旅游需求,达到更优的旅游经济增长。据此得到政策启示:民族地区受限于资金不够充裕以及缺乏对外宣传渠道,更需合理调配有限资源;采取循序渐进的发展模式,平衡好低碳转型和财政负担,是民族地区低碳旅游产业可持续发展的更好选择。

创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响——基于空间溢出效应视角的研究

合理配置创新要素、不断提高碳排放效率是中国在加快实现“双碳”目标过程中亟须解决的现实问题,而相关研究对其可能存在的空间效应的讨论相对不足。从理论层面剖析创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响机制和空间溢出效应,将要素错配以一种扭曲税的形式表现,从投入产出视角通过超效率SBM模型测度碳排放效率,通过全要素生产率离散度法和数据包络分析法构建创新要素错配和碳排放效率的测度框架,基于2012—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,利用空间杜宾模型、空间自相关检验方法实证检验创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响及空间溢出效应,并将30个省份划为五大区域展开异质性分析。结果发现:创新要素错配显著抑制本地区碳排放效率提升并对空间关联地区的碳排放效率产生不利影响;创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响存在地区异质性,中部和西南地区创新要素错配对本地区碳排放效率起到抑制作用,而东部和东北、西北地区的影响不明显;五大地区创新要素错配对空间关联地区的碳排放效率均起到抑制作用。据此,提出不断优化创新要素市场配置机制、有效鼓励企业开展低碳技术创新和应用、形成区域创新合力等助力中国碳排放效率提升的政策建议。

区域低碳发展评价指标体系的构建和降碳建议

区域是碳排放空间载体,是落实我国“双碳”目标的主要着手点。基于P-S-R模型构建了区域低碳发展水平的评价指标,采用层次分析法和德尔菲法对指标权重进行赋值,形成完善的区域低碳发展指标体系,可量化评价分析区域低碳发展水平,并依据评价结果提出相应的区域低碳发展对策和建议。

考虑多能互补灵活性和用户低碳意愿的区域综合能源系统鲁棒优化调度

为了解决区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system,RIES)中由于新能源出力不确定性和多能负荷波动所导致的灵活性不足问题,该文提出了一种考虑多能互补灵活性和用户低碳意愿的鲁棒优化方法。首先,计及新能源出力与负荷的共同影响,通过净负荷波动来刻画RIES电力子系统灵活性需求。为了计及用户低碳意愿对新能源消纳的影响,分别构建用户购买普通和零碳电能的效用函数。考虑多能耦合设备的灵活备用容量,建立包含多能灵活性供需平衡约束的目标为RIES总运行成本最小及用户总效用最大的三层鲁棒优化调度模型。引入设备最优运行区间对模型内时间耦合约束进行解耦,并采用KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件和嵌套列与约束生成(nested column and constraints generation,NC&CG)算法进行求解。算例分析表明,所提模型可提升RIES运行的灵活性,促进新能源消纳,实现了RIES的低碳经济运行。

数据要素配置、新质生产力与区域绿色创新绩效

文章基于2013—2022年我国30个省份的面板数据,使用双向固定效应模型、中介效应模型及门槛效应模型,对数据要素配置、新质生产力与区域绿色创新绩效之间的关系展开研究。研究结果显示,数据要素配置对区域绿色创新绩效存在显著的促进作用,且经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立。异质性检验结果显示,与中部、西部、北方、经济发展水平低、非资源型及环境规制力度弱地区相比,东部、南方、经济发展水平高、资源型及环境规制力度强地区数据要素配置对区域绿色创新绩效的赋能作用更强。中介效应检验结果显示,数据要素配置能够通过提高新质生产力水平推动区域绿色创新绩效提升。门槛效应检验结果显示,随着新质生产力水平的提升,数据要素配置对区域绿色创新绩效的赋能作用逐渐增强。

考虑碳约束的新型电力系统跨区域优化调度研究

为了达成双碳目标,针对含多种能源类型、通过直流联络线互联的多区域新型电力系统,提出了1种跨区域低碳优化调度模型,将碳排放成本价格以及碳排放权约束引入跨区域优化调度模型,研究考虑碳约束的跨区域优化调度模型对各类型机组出力、系统总成本、碳排放量的影响。在3个10机39节点系统上进行仿真,并通过目标级联分析法进行求解,验证了跨区域低碳优化调度模型可以通过提高低碳排放机组的出力、降低高碳排放机组的出力来降低系统的总碳排放量。之后研究了跨区域低碳优化调度模型下减排力度的增大对机组成本及机组改造意愿的影响,结果表明机组改造可以有效降低系统碳排放量及总成本。

基于自生植物的城市公园草本层养护管理优化策略——以北京市西城区为例

【目的】中国城市绿地建设迎来低碳发展的关键时期,自生植物的应用为解决城市公园植物景观养护管理成本高昂及生物多样性下降等问题提供了有效途径。然而,关于自生植物与城市公园养护管理之间相互影响关系及相应管理策略的研究尚不足。【方法】以北京市西城区13个城市公园为例,在梳理国内外养护管理政策及发展现状的基础上,通过文献收集和实地踏勘,分析不同类型公园养护管理差异对自生植物物种组成、多样性及群落组成的影响。【结果】1)城市公园养护管理措施因公园类型而存在差异,主要体现在除草和修剪措施上;2)实地踏勘共记录自生植物17科32属36种,近自然公园物种数最多;不同公园养护管理差异对于自生植物丰富度和多样性的影响无显著差异;但对均匀度的影响存在显著差异,大型传统公园的均匀度最高;此外,近自然公园以多年生植物群落为主,传统公园以一、二年生植物群落为主;3)城市公园养护管理面临缺乏差异化的养护管理技术措施、亟须重视自生植物群落的应用两大问题;4)提出适用于不同类型公园的养护管理工作优化策略。【结论】研究结果可以为城市公园养护管理工作变革提供新的思路和方向,有效促进城市低碳可持续发展建设。

低碳技术创新、区域经济发展对汽车业碳排放的影响机制研究

为了探究低碳技术创新、经济发展对汽车业碳排放的影响,基于我国新能源汽车较为普及的7个省市2013—2020年的数据,采用静态面板模型和动态面板模型,细致分析低碳技术创新、区域经济发展对汽车业碳排放量的影响,并通过分样本回归检验低碳技术创新、经济发展对燃油车碳排放和新能源车碳排放的异质性影响。研究表明:低碳技术创新对汽车业碳排放量有显著负向影响,区域经济发展对汽车业碳排放量有显著正向影响;汽车业碳排放具有延续性特征,受前期排放量的影响较大;低碳技术水平的进步可以更有效地促进燃油车的碳减排,而经济发展水平的提高则会更显著影响新能源汽车的碳减排。

三江源地区超低能耗农房节能降碳技术研究

本文以青海省玛多县某一超低能耗示范农房为对象,采用TRNSYS软件对围护结构和用能设备系统开展仿真模拟研究。结果表明,采用高性能围护结构的农房可在高寒地区实现超低能耗目标;减碳技术措施方面,太阳能光伏供暖和太阳能光热供生活热水具有良好的减碳效果,空气源热泵由于高寒气候导致效率较低,在减碳方面并不具备明显优势;供暖、生活热水和照明等三项用能需求中,前两者具有较大的减碳改造潜力,特别是充分利用太阳能进行供暖和供生活热水。