Suggestions for the "Integration in Multiple Certificates" Curriculum System Construction

Business English professional "Integration in Multiple Certificates" refers to these two kinds of certificates——a diploma and vocational certificates. Business English curriculum design unified vocational qualification certificate with professional training objectives. Basis on the meeting of requirements of certificates for graduation, making professional training contents, curriculum,teaching methods together with vocational training and the requirements of professional qualification certificates.

Solution of stress intensity factors of multiple cracks in plane elasticity with eigen COD formulation of boundary integral equation

The concept of eigen crack opening displacement （COD） can be defined as the COD of a crack in infinite plate under the tractions acting on the crack surface. By introducing this concept, the eigen COD formulation of boundary integral equation is proposed in this paper, together with the solution procedures for multiple crack problems in plane elasticity. With the proposed approach, the multiple crack problems can be solved with the conventional displacement discontinuity boundary integral equations in an iterative fashion with a small size of system matrix as that in the numerical Green’s function （NGF） approach but without the trouble to determine the complementary solutions since the standard boundary element discretization on the crack surface is no longer required with the proposed approach. Some numerical examples computing the stress intensity factors are presented and compared with those in literature to show the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Multiple sclerosis：integration of modeling with biology,clinical and imaging measures to provide better monitoring of disease progression and prediction of outcome

Multiple Sclerosis（MS） is a major cause of neurological disability in adults and has an annual cost of approximately $28 billion in the United States. MS is a very complex disorder as demyelination can happen in a variety of locations throughout the brain; therefore, this disease is never the same in two patients making it very hard to predict disease progression. A modeling approach which combines clinical, biological and imaging measures to help treat and fight this disorder is needed. In this paper, I will outline MS as a very heterogeneous disorder, review some potential solutions from the literature, demonstrate the need for a biomarker and will discuss how computational modeling combined with biological, clinical and imaging data can help link disparate observations and decipher complex mechanisms whose solutions are not amenable to simple reductionism.

Top-Level Design of Smart City Based on“Integration of Four Plans”

A smart city provides a new idea and model for urban construction, management, and development. This article proposes the concepts and methodology for top-level design of smart cities based on the ＂ Integration of Four Plans ＂, and the planning process and systems for implementing the top-level design of smart cities. This article discusses, from the perspective of a city, how to optimize resource allocation, coordinate the development of urban economy, society, resources, environment, and people＇s livelihood, and map out the blueprints for healthy and sustainable development of a smart city.

The Calculation of Parameters for DNA Kinetic Structure Based on Monte-Carlo Multiple Integrals

Based on protein-DNA complex crystal structural data in up-to-date Nucleic Acid Database,the related parameters of DNA Kinetic Structure were investigated by Monte-Carlo Multiple Integrals on the base of modified DNA structure statistical mechanical model,and time complexity and precision were analyzed on the calculated results.

Multiple Intelligence Theory in Integrated English Teaching

Integrated English is a core course for English major students in our college,and this article mainly discusses the application of Multiple Intelligence theory in Integrated English classroom.

Beautiful Village Planning from Perspective of Industry and Village Integration

Beautiful village construction is import for new rural construction, farmers＂ environment and livelihood. Industry-village integration would be an effective way for constructing livable rural areas as well as the areas welcomed by industries. The research analyzed restriction factors for industry-village integration, and proposed ru- ral comprehensive planning from determining development goal, creating good loca- tion, improving public facilities and sustainable development, in order to help beauti- ful village construction with well-interplayed villages and industries.

Optimal Design of Multiple Stresses Accelerated Life Test Plan Based on Transforming the Multiple Stresses to Single Stress

For planning optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plans, a commonly followed guiding principle is that all parameters of the life-stress relationship should be estimated, and the number of the stress level combinations must be no less than the number of parameters of the life-stress relationship. However, the general objective of an accelerated life test（ALT） is to assess thep-th quantile of the product life distribution under normal stress. For this objective,estimating all model parameters is not necessary, and this will increase the cost of test. Based on the theoretical conclusion that the stress level combinations of the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan locate on a straight line through the origin of coordinate, it is proposed that a design idea of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan through transforming the problem of designing an optimum multiple stresses ALT plan to designing an optimum single stress ALT plan. Moreover, a method of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan which can avoid estimating all model parameters is established. An example shows that, the proposed plan which only has two stress level combinations could achieve an accuracy no less than the traditional plan, and save the test time and cost on one stress level combination at least; when the actual product life is less than the design value, even the deviation of the model initial parameters value is up to 20%, the variance of the estimation of thep-th quantile of the proposed plan is still smaller than the traditional plans approximately 25%. A design method is provided for planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT which uses the statistical optimum degenerate test plan as the optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plan.

Refined Jensen-Based Multiple Integral Inequality and Its Application to Stability of Time-Delay Systems

This paper investigates the stability of time-delay systems via a multiple integral approach. Based on the refined Jensen-based inequality, a novel multiple integral inequality is proposed. Applying the multiple integral inequality to estimate the derivative of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional(LKF) with multiple integral terms, a novel stability condition is formulated for the linear time-delay systems. Two numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the improvements of our results.

CONVERGENCE RATE OF AN APPROXIMATION TO MULTIPLE INTEGRAL OF FBM

In this article, we study the rate of convergence of the polygonal approximation to multiple stochastic integral Sp （f） of fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter H 〈 1/2 when the fractional Brownian motion is replaced by its polygonal approximation. Under different conditions on f and for different p, we obtain different rates.

Development of a multiple level underground limestone mine from geology through mine planning

The development of a multiple level underground mine is a complex task in which geology,engineering,ground control,and unit operations are integrated into a single mine design.The components are interdependent and must function cohesively to ensure a profitable underground mining operation.To optimize reserve recovery,mine planning should begin from the lowest level and progress up.This limits any misjudgments or oversights of a given level affecting the underlying levels and ensures the ability to maximize recovery from each level.Mine planning should start with the exploration and characterization of the geologic setting.Once the reserve geology and quality is well understood,then mine planning can begin with respect to the following:(1)orientation of mine works with respect to horizontal stress;(2)access to the reserve;(3)determination of opening widths;(4)selection of back,floor horizons and pillar centers;(5)selection of development and secondary mining heights;(6)appropriate inter-burden thicknesses;and(7)examining the stability of the multiple level mine through numerical modeling.The multiple level mine design process and decisions are presented through a case history example.The theme is that there is one opportunity to"get it right"and many chances to overlook a small aspect within the design that will plague the mine throughout all levels and through the entirety of its operating life.

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface(FADS),an integrated guidance and control(IGC)approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile,which was robust to target maneuver,canard dynamic characteristics,and multiple constraints,such as impact angle,limited measurement of line of sight(LOS)angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection.Initially,a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established,and extended state observer(ESO)was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system,including aerodynamic parameters perturbation,target maneuver and model errors.Secondly,aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time,a nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM)was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law.Furthermore,combining with dynamic surface,which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws,the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law.Finally,the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection.The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded,rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory.Hardware-in-the-loop simulation(HILS)and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.

Cooperative co-evolution based distributed path planning of multiple mobile robots

This paper proposes novel multiple-mobile-robot collision avoidance path planning based on cooperative co-evolution,which can be executed fully distributed and in parallel. A real valued co-evolutionary algorithm is developed to coordinate the movement of multiple robots in 2D world, avoiding C-space or grid net searching. The collision avoidance is achieved by cooperatively co-evolving segments of paths and the time interval to pass them. Methods for constraint handling, which are developed for evolutionary algorithm, make the path planning easier. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on a number of 2Dpath planning problems.

Cruise missile multiple routes planning based on hybrid particle swarm optimization

In order to solve cruise missile route planning problem for low-altitude penetration , a hy- brid particle swarm optimization （ HPSO ） algorithm is proposed. Firstly, K-means clustering algo- rithm is applied to divide the particle swarm into multiple isolated sub-populations, then niche algo- rithm is adopted to make all particles independently search for optimal values in their own sub-popu- lations. Finally simulated annealing （SA） algorithm is introduced to avoid the weakness of PSO algo- rithm, which can easily be trapped into the local optimum in the search process. The optimal value obtained by every sub-population search corresponds to an optimal route, multiple different optimal routes are provided for cruise missile. Simulation results show that the HPSO algorithm has a fast convergence rate, and the planned routes have flat ballisticpaths and short ranges which meet the low-altitude penetration requirements.

Adaptive Integrated Coastal Zone Planning:History,Challenges,Advances,and Perspectives

Coastal zones are dynamic,rich environments,now densely populated,and increasingly challenged by human and climatechange pressures.Effective long-term integrated coastal zone planning is needed to ensure sustainable environmental protection and economic development.In this study,we reviewed the history of coastal zone planning since its birth in the 1950s based on the literature retrieved from the Web of Science(Core Collection)from 2000–2023,then summarized the tools and spatial allocation methods commonly used in the planning process,and finally proposed potential solutions to the challenges faced.The results show that after decades of development,coastal zone planning has changed from a decentralized activity to a targeted and integrated one,with an increasing emphasis on the ecosystem approach and the use of multiple planning tools.Spatial analysis techniques and environmental modelling software have become increasingly popular.Linear programming and overlay analysis are common approaches when performing spatial optimization,but land-sea interactions and planning in the marine parts still lack in-depth analysis and practical experience.We are also aware that the challenges posed by the integration of administrative hierarchies,scoping and conservation objectives,stakeholder participation,consideration of social dimensions,and climate change are pervasive throughout the planning process.There is an urgent need to develop more flexible and accurate spatial modelling tools,as well as more efficient participatory methods,and to focus on the holistic nature of the land-sea system to create more resilient and sustainable coastal zones.

CONVERGENCE RATE OF MULTIPLE FRACTIONAL STRATONOVICH TYPE INTEGRAL FOR HURST PARAMETER LESS THAN 1/2

In this paper, we have investigated the problem of the convergence rate of the multiple integralwhere f ∈ Cn＋1（[0, T ]n） is a given function, π is a partition of the interval [0, T ] and {BtHi ,π} is a family of interpolation approximation of fractional Brownian motion BtH with Hurst parameter H 1/2. The limit process is the multiple Stratonovich integral of the function f . In view of known results, the convergence rate is different for different multiplicity n. Under some mild conditions, we obtain that the uniform convergence rate is 2H in the mean square sense, where is the norm of the partition generating the approximations.

Capacity Building for the Integration of Climate Adaptation into Urban Planning Processes: The Dutch Experience

The institutions of the Dutch (urban) planning system face four challenging characteristics of climate adaptation measures. These measures are uncertain in their effects, in competition with other interests, multifaceted, and inherently complex. Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes, which aim to achieve Climate-Proof Cities (CPC). For successful capacity building, it is important to define the relevant stakeholders and tailor the adaptation strategies first to (the position of) these stakeholders and next to the specific urban conditions and issues. In addition, scientific insights and tools can be of assistance, and the use of climate maps can help to create a common language. Such common understanding of climate problems can lead to “goal entwinement” between actors, which can support the implementation of climate adaptation strategies in urban planning. Awareness, recognition and urgency are the most important components of this common understanding, which may differ for each stage in every urban planning process. In order to overcome the pragmatism that rules in day-to-day urban planning processes, multi-level arrangements between different tiers of government must be employed to improve the penetration of climate adaptation measures. After all, it still remains a soft interest in a hard process.

The Integration and Communication of Regional Culture in Canal Landscape Planning and Design:A Case Study of the Grand Canal in the Gaomin Temple Section of Yangzhou

The Grand Canal is the cultural source of Yangzhou's historical development. The heritage and development of the canal culture are conducive to enhancing the image of Yangzhou, building cultural brands, and enhancing core competitiveness. Taking the canal in the Gaomin Temple section of Yangzhou for example, this study was based on the regional canal culture and the humanistic characteristics of Gaomin Temple, and explored the unique cultural communication mode of the important landscape node of the canal. Through the analysis of the status and development of the landscape of the section, this study concluded corresponding cultural orientation content and direction, and analyzed the integration and communication ideas of regional culture in landscape planning and design, in order to provide a reference for the promotion of cultural brands in the canal city of Yangzhou.

A Novel Multiple Dependent State Sampling Plan Based on Time Truncated Life Tests Using Mean Lifetime

The design of a new adaptive version of the multiple dependent state(AMDS)sampling plan is presented based on the time truncated life test under the Weibull distribution.We achieved the proposed sampling plan by applying the concept of the double sampling plan and existing multiple dependent state sampling plans.A warning sign for acceptance number was proposed to increase the probability of current lot acceptance.The optimal plan parameters were determined simultaneously with nonlinear optimization problems under the producer’s risk and consumer’s risk.A simulation study was presented to support the proposed sampling plan.A comparison between the proposed and existing sampling plans,namely multiple dependent state(MDS)sampling plans and a modified multiple dependent state(MMDS)sampling plan,was considered under the average sampling number and operating characteristic curve values.In addition,the use of two real datasets demonstrated the practicality and usefulness of the proposed sampling plan.The results indicated that the proposed plan is more flexible and efficient in terms of the average sample number compared to the existing MDS and MMDS sampling plans.

Urban Air Quality Plans and Integrated Assessment Methodologies

The air quality directive （2008/50/EC （of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008）） requires European Member States to design appropriate AQPs （air quality plans） for zones and agglomerations where the air quality does not comply with the limit values and to assess possible emission reduction measures to decrease concentration levels. The Portuguese agglomeration of Porto Litoral is one of the several European Union urban areas that had to develop and implement AQPs to reduce particulate matter （PM10）. The AQPs were initially designed based on a scenario approach and using an air quality model, which was applied over the study region for the reference situation with the current PM10 emissions, and for a reduction scenario with PM10 emissions re-estimated considering the implementation of abatement measures. Aiming to cost-efficiently optimize Porto Litoral PM10 abatement measures, the assessment procedure was repeated using an optimization approach based on the RIAT ＋ （regional integrated assessment tool ＋）. Porto Litoral urban area＇s technical and non-technical measures were characterized （including associated costs） and, through the application of the air quality model to 20 emissions abatement scenarios, S-R （source-receptor） relationships were created. This paper comparatively describes the air quality plans designed to improve PM10 levels in the Porto Litoral agglomeration based on both the scenario analysis and the optimization approach.