Medium-term and Long-term Environmental Economic Policies on Thermal Power Industry in China Seen from the New Environment Protection Law

In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1,2015,there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper,according to the current situation of environmental pollution and protection in thermal power industry,it is proposed that based on the new environmental protection law,it is needed to study various environmental economic policies on thermal power industry and analyze the effects on environmental cost of thermal power enterprises at the macro level. At the micro level,it is necessary to control environmental cost of thermal power enterprises effectively,and establish a suitable environmental management system for environmental economic policies including environmental cost accounting and trading of emission rights,thereby improving environmental management level of thermal power enterprises.

Water environmental planning for new zone of economic-technological development in China

This paper analyzes the characteristics of water environmental planning in New Zone for EconomicTechnological Development (NZETD) in China and presents the task, procedure and method of the planning study Based on these analyses, the concept of Water Environmental Support Capacity (WESC) is put forward and the corresponding quantitative method is proposed to achieve the objective of coordinating the relationship between water environment and economic development As a case study, a comprehensive analysis and integrated water pollution control planning are made for the New Zone of EconomicTechnological Development in Benxi City in China Based on the costbenefit analysis and feasibility study of the planning alternatives, the comprehensive indexes of WESC are calculated and applied to evaluate the water pollution control planning alternatives

Implications of Declining Ground Water and Water Quality in the US Southeastern Coastal Plain Ecoregion and Areawide Environmental Impact Statement Required for Mining in the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin—Part 1

Karst aquifers occur worldwide and exhibit groundwater flow responses that differ considerably from aquifers lacking fractures, bedding planes, and other karst conduits where significant and rapid groundwater flow can occur. The regional, karst Floridan aquifer system underlies the United States (US) Southeastern Coastal Plain Physiographic Region and exhibits hydrologic interconnections with overlying surficial aquifers and throughout other zones of the aquifer system, as is characteristic of other karst aquifer systems. Anthropogenic groundwater declines in this regional karst aquifer system have been documented in published literature for decades, but the impacts of those declines in this coastal plain region and the embedded ecosystems that provide essential and critical habitat for native, endemic, and federally endangered and threatened species have not been considered previously. Those anthropogenic groundwater declines reduce surfacewater levels and flows due to the capture of both groundwater and overland flow of surfacewater, resulting in induced recharge through semi-confining zones and interbasin flow through fractures and other karst conduits. This case study identifies examples from the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin study area and comparison areas of how those declines result in loss of historic base flow to surface waters and other capture of surface waters, ultimately increasing saltwater intrusion. Those results alter and degrade the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters, in violation of the US Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972. Historic groundwater declines from mining and other anthropogenic groundwater withdrawals from this regional karst aquifer system already threaten the survival and recovery of federally endangered and threatened species, as well as existing and proposed critical habitat for those species within this regional extent, in violation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. This case study and its companion publication (Part 2) appear to be the first to provide scientific support for this regional karst aquifer system as the unifying factor in habitat responses to irreversible groundwater impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems. These adverse impacts strongly suggest that the extent of the regional Floridan aquifer system should be designated as the Southeastern Coastal Plain Ecoregion for the purpose of managing natural resources. Mining activities continue to expand in our study area, which is the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. Despite that fact, no comprehensive Areawide Environmental Impact Statement (AEIS), similar to the AEIS required for phosphate mining within the Central Florida Phosphate District (CFPD) approximately a decade ago has been conducted for any of the numerous mining projects that are occurring and are proposed within the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. This case study also provides examples of why a comprehensive AEIS is essential to consider all of the adverse direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of those mining activities to the CWA, the ESA, and the irreversible losses to local economies, because federal agencies responsible for considering those adverse impacts rely on public comments to identify those adverse impacts. The mining activities authorized throughout the regional Floridan aquifer system under Category 44 Nationwide Permits (NWP) result in the same type of adverse impacts as the mining activities evaluated under Individual Permits in that region. Therefore, those Category 44 NWP mining activities also should be required to obtain Individual Permits and be evaluated under an AEIS in the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin. This case study also describes how Florida’s assumption of the CWA Section 404 regulatory authority in 2020 severs four sub-basins within the Greater Okefenokee Swamp Basin study area at the state line between Florida and Georgia.

Ecological and Environmental Protection Requirements in China s Regional Coordinated Development Strategy in the New Era

Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.

Changing institutions for environmental policy and politics in New Era China

The evolution of Chinese environmental policy and politics can be better understood in the broader context of institutional changes that have taken place since the late 1970s. In this study,an analytical framework was established to analyze how overall institutional changes were reflected in the roles of relationships between governmental and non-governmental actors engaged in environmental governance. Institutional changes were observed at three levels:informal institutions(cultural traditions, and political ideology); formal institutions(the polity,political system, property rights, and judiciary); and governing mechanisms(structures, regulatory approaches, and incentives). This analysis of interactions between institutional changes and the changing environmental process explained not only the drives and constraints behind China's environmental policy evolution so far but also shed light on future challenges and opportunities.

Study on Regulatory Issues of Environmental Laws of Rural Tourism in China

In recent years, rural tourism in China vigorously developed, which promoted economic and social development in rural area. However, serious environmental problems appeared in the development process of rural tourism since rural tourism lacked effective and comprehensive super- vision. These environmental problems included environmental pollution and ecological damage. However, environmental legal system about rural tourism had many problems, such as the lagged legislation, the absence of law enforcement supervision, imperfect judicial system and weak law- abiding awareness. Therefore, it became the solution to solve environmental problems brought by rural tourism in China, and was also the safe- guard for promoting sustainable development of rural tourism in China to establish a sound legal system for rural tourism, implement strict law en- forcement supervision of rural tourism, build litigation system of environmental public interest and enhance law-abiding awareness of rural tourism. For legal defects of regulating rural tourism and its induced environmental problems in China, we tried to perfect regulation of environmental law for rural tourism in China.

Adapt to New Normal State of Environmental Protection,Fight a Tough Fight,and Make Full Efforts to Build a Beautiful Xi'an

In China, economic growing speed converts from high speed to moderate and high speed; economic structure enters from moderate and low end to moderate and high end; development power converts from investment drive to innovation drive, and investment of resource and environ- ment factors presents declining trend. Spatial pattern of economy development is changing greatly, which needs eco-civilization construction and en- vironmental protection field continuously adjusting focus, environmental rules and laws correspondingly regulating, eco-civilization construction and environmental protection field also entering into new normal state. It requires scientifically understanding, actively adapting to and responding to new normal state of eco-civilization construction and environmental protection,and fighting a tough fight. Firstly, we should handle with the relationship between environment and economy, and strive to explore the way of environmental protection. Secondly, we should insist protection priority and prevention oriented,and promote transformation of environmental management strategy. Finally, we should accelerate to promote eco-civilization system reform and environmental protection management system reform, and further promote environmental protection work in Xi＇an on new level from eight aspects.

Scientific Development of Power Sector Led by Plan EIA in a New Environmental Protection Situation

Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.

The Importance of Environmental English Public Signs to Xiong’an New Area’s Ecological Environment in China

With the establishment and development of Xiong’an New Area in China, more foreign industries and visitors will be attracted to come here. Investigations made in our study show that the environmental English public signs are very important. They can offer directions for foreigners who can’t understand Chinese well because they have these three functions: indication, suggestion and prohibition. In order to help Xiong’an New Area play its “eco card”, the translators are supposed to attach great importance to the translation of environmental English public signs.

Analysis of the Game for the Air Pollution in the Perspective of the Amendment about Environmental Law

The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government＇s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.

The Law of Diminishing Returns in Determining the Environmental Cost of Mining in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Environmental standards,as independent/explanatory variables of C21 capital costing functions,may refer to parts of space that we want to control in order to protect subsystems that are particularly sensitive and/or importance.In these cases,we need a quantitative relationship that links the environmental characteristics of the source of pollution to those of the reference/control points.In this article we will identify the capital cost functions C21=f(Sf),where Sf is a spatially distributed parameter(e.g.BOD),characteristic of an environmental model.

ASEAN Commitment to Sustainable Development in the Regional International Environmental Law Perspective

The World Commission on Environment and Development in its report entitled“Our Common Future”has put forward the idea of sustainable development which is also an important part of the development of regional environmental law in Southeast Asia.In 1985 ASEAN Agreement on the Nature and Natural Resources has put sustainable development for the first time in ASEAN’s treaty.Sustainable development continues to grow through the 1987 Jakarta Resolution on Sustainable Development agreed upon by the leaders of ASEAN.This research will look at the importance of sustainable development as part of the regional environmental international law concept and how it has grown in ASEAN today.The purpose of this research is to know the various international agreements both soft law and hard law that puts sustainable development as an important element.The results show that sustainable development has become an integral part of the regional international environmental legal system in ASEAN.A provisional conclusion shows that ASEAN’s commitment to sustainable development has greatly improved the success of implementing environmental policies at the ASEAN level.

Does Environmental Laws and Policies Work?A Review Of Ghana’s Case

Enforcing environmental laws and policies has been one of the pressing agenda globally.Despite the mandate given to the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)by the Act 490,there are still numerous environmental issues unaddressed in Ghana.This paper is geared towards unravelling and identifying the current additions that have been made to existing literature on environmental laws and policies in Ghana.This paper made a wide-ranging general literature review to outline significant contributions concerning environmental laws and policies.Numerous environmental laws and policies were identified but have been fragmented and are not codified in a particular document.It is evident from the review of literature existing that there are still areas for advanced research on the topic of environmental laws and policies placing more emphasis on institution concerned with environmental issues at global level.The study recommended the need for capacity building for environmental personnel and data due to the numerous technological advancement to better assist the implementation and enforcement of environmental laws in Ghana.

A Study on How Urban Rail Operators Can Secure New Growth Engines for the Future Approach: The Case of Underground Urban Logistics System

Seoul Metro is Seoul’s leading metro company, transporting up to 3 billion people annually. However, future ridership is expected to plummet due to an aging and shrinking population with one of the fastest declining total fertility rates in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 accelerated this phenomenon. On the contrary, the e-commerce and home delivery industries have developed significantly since COVID-19. Seoul’s current logistics infrastructure cannot handle it. Under the inflection point of declining passenger transportation demand and increasing urban logistics demand, urban rail operators need new growth engines. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the introduction of an UULS (underground urban logistics system) that transports parcels instead of passengers through urban railways. If the UULS becomes a reality, it can be expected to secure scarce logistics land in cities, protect the environment and prevent traffic congestion by operating eco-friendly mass urban transportation, and acquire new revenue sources for urban rail operators. The UULS’s B/C ratio is 1.32. The sensitivity analysis shows that the ratio is above 1 in most cases where the unit cost of transportation is not significantly reduced.

Research on Key Points of Design of Standard Plants in Modern Industrial Parks Under the Background of Promoting the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

With the progress of science and technology and the acceleration of industrialization,the modern industrial park is an important carrier of industrial development.The importance of its standard plant design has become increasingly prominent.With the development of new quality productive forces as the background,this research deeply discusses the key points of standard plant design in modern industrial parks.This paper uses literature review and case analysis to systematically analyze the important role of standard plant design in developing new quality productive forces in modern industrial parks and puts forward suggestions for optimizing design.It is found that the rationality,intelligence,and environmental protection of plant design are the key factors affecting the development of new quality productive forces.The paper summarizes the core points of modern industrial park standard plant design to provide a reference for the future development of related industries.

THE NEW ENVIRONMENTALISM OF THE FUTURE FASHION SECTOR

Currently,the fashion sector has entered the“industrial restructuring”stage,and“green sustainability”and“capital concentration”have become new important concepts in fashion.These two elements are also the key to understand the industrial reform ofthe fashion sector.Therefore,under the backdrop that the global fashion sector is thriving,the“Beijing Fashion Forum-Shape New Pattern of the Fashion Sector”was held in Beijing to discuss how to effectively integrate sustainable design with traditional manufacturing model and how to expand the business landscape of the textile and garment sector by virtue of the capital power and bring a new growth drive to the sector.

Norms of International Law on Environmental Protection in Wartime: Application and Improvement

The enormous environmental damage caused by war makes it necessary for international law to balance the reality of military necessity with the need to ensure the survival of human beings and other life forms. International law provides a large number of norms for environmental protection in wartime, constituting a legal order including general and special norms of wartime law and wartime environmental protection obligations of international law in peacetime. It explicitly prohibits unreasonable environmental damage caused by military needs in wartime. Contrary to the cognition that there is no international norm to protect the environment in wartime,the key reason that causes the effect of environmental protection in wartime is not as good as expected lies in the different degrees of defects in the application of these complex norms. It is a more important and practical path choice to renew the general principles of wartime environmental protection, expand the scope of application of wartime laws and special environmental norms, strengthen the wartime application of international law in peacetime, and give full play to the maximum effectiveness of the existing normative system than to expect the new convention to accomplish the whole task at one stroke.

Palaeoclimatic Cycles, Global Environmental Changes and New Glacial Periods Induced by the Impact of Extraterrestrial Bodies

In terms of Earth\|Sun geometry, the Milankovitch theory has successfully explained most of the cyclic palaeoclimatic variations during the history of the Earth, especially in the Quaternary. In this paper, the authors suggest that the impact of extraterrestrial bodies on the Earth may be another mechanism to cause palaeoclimatic cycles, global environmental changes and new glacial periods. Based on geological and geochemical records in the boundary layers produced by six huge Cenozoic bolide\|impact events (65, 34, 15, 2.4, 1.1, 0.73 Ma B.P.), including those at 34, 15, 1.1 and 0.73 Ma B.P. which are represented by four famous tektite\|strewn fields, the process and mechanics of palaeoclimatic cycles and global environmental catastrophes induced by extraterrestrial impact are discussed in detail. Impact\|generated dust, soot and aerosol floating in the stratosphere could result in short\|term (<1 year), rapid drop in temperature immediately after impact. Through self\|regulation of the Earth’s climate system, the temperature at the surface slowly went up within 100a and maintained stable for a long time at 250K. If there were no other factors leading to the break\|down of the newly\|established equilibrium, a new glacial period would be initiated. Estimating from the thickness of \{δ\{\}\+\{13\}C\} and \{δ\{\}\+\{18\}O\} anomalies in sediments across the impact boundary layer and deposition rate, the duration of two stages of the palaeoclimate cycle in the form of cold weather—greenhouse effect—normal weather was 10\+4-10\+5a, respectively. The conclusion deduced from the above model is supported by palaeotemperature change recorded by oxygen isotope in sediments across the impact boundary layer.

Problems Involving New Technology Application for Environmental Protection Equipment

The numerous environmental protection equipments for desulfuration,denitration,and precipitation have been installed in the domestic coal-fired power plants,while the investment and energy consumption of the units increase correspondingly.To reduce the operational cost and initial investment as much as possible,the working processes of the environmental protection equipments are optimized in the design and some new technologies are adopted for energy saving.These technologies include the SCR,SNCR,combined SCR and SNCR for denitration device,system without gas-gas heater design for desulfuration,desulfuration system without bypass,booster fan and induced draft fan integrated,stack and cooling tower integrated and so on.However,such measures may cause some new problems during the operation of the equipment.The problems are summarized and analyzed thoroughly and the feasible methods are provided to solve them,which could decrease the operational risk of units.The present discussion can also improve the further design of environmental protection equipments to ensure the long-term steady operation of the units.