Dajianzhong decoction:a review of its phytochemistry and therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disease

Dajianzhong decoction(DJZD)is one of the traditional herbal prescriptions originated from Synopsis of Golden Chamber,which clinically used for the treatment of various gastrointestinal(GI)disease.This paper was aimed to provide a systematic review on the phytochemistry of DJZD and its therapeutic potential for GI disease and the mechanism.Finally,the possible development and perspectives for future research on this prescription were also discussed.To date,over 60 compounds have been identified form DJZD,including unsaturated fatty acid,saponins,and polyphenols,with hydroxy-sanshool and ginsenoside compounds as the predominant ones.DJZD possessed widely pharmacological activities on the GI disease from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the present,such as intestinal obstruction,colitis,and irritable bowel syndrome.Especially for the intestinal obstruction,it had demonstrated the efficacy of DJZD treatment for relief of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing surgery for GI cancer.The detailed mechanism was mainly related with NF-ᴋB signaling pathway.However,further research elucidating the protective effects of DJZD on GI disease,exploring new clinical effects,as well as establishing criteria for quality control for DJZD should be studied.

Soil Organic Carbon Stock Variation under Different Soil Types and Land Uses in the Sub-Humid Noun Plain, Western Cameroon

This study was conducted to assess the current stock of soil organic carbon under different agricultural land uses, soil types and soil depths in the Noun plain in western Cameroon. Three sites were selected for the study, namely Mangoum, Makeka and Fossang, representative of the three dominant soil types of the noun plain (Andosols, Acrisols and Ferralsols). Three land uses were selected per site including natural vegetation, agroforest and crop field. Soil was sampled at three depths;0 - 20 cm, 20 - 40 cm, and 40 - 60 cm. Analysis of variance showed that soil type did not significantly influence carbon storage, but rather land uses and soil depth. SOCS decreased significantly with depth in all the sites, with an average stock of 66.3 ± 15.8 tC/ha at 0 - 20 cm, compared to an average stock of 33.3 ± 7.4 tC/ha at 40 - 60 cm. SOCS was significantly highest in the natural formation with 57.2 ± 19.7 tC/ha, and lowest in cultivated fields, at 37.7 ± 10.6 tC/ha. Andosols, with their high content of coarse fragments, stored less organic carbon than Ferralsols and Acrisols.

基于英语学习活动观的语法教学探究——以Noun Clauses为例

文章以三维动态语法观为理论框架,以名词性从句为例,分析语法结构的三个维度,以活动观为指导进行设计与实施教学内容,将语法、语句、写作结合起来引导学生注意学习名词性从句的语境、语用、语篇意义,帮助学生创造性地在交际中得体地使用名词性从句。

Regulation of Quan Du Zhong capsule on VEGF/bFGF and expression of Bcl‑2/Bax and Caspase‑3 protein in the repairing process of canine femoral head necrosis

Objective:To explore the repair and treatment effect of Quan Du Zhong capsule on necrosis of femoral head in dogs.Methods:Totally 12 beagles were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,with three in each group.In addition to the normal group,the other groups established the femoral head necrosis model by liquid nitrogen alternative freezing.The normal group and the model group did not have any intervention during the modeling period,and the Quan Du Zhong group began to receive the Quan Du Zhong by gavage on the day of modeling;Xianlinggubao capsule group was given Xianlinggubao capsule by gavage once a day for 12 consecutive weeks on the day of modeling.The levels of VEGF and bFGF in the blood vessels of each group at the 12th week were compared,and the ratios of BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N were measured by Micro CT,and the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3 proteins were detected by immune reaction.Results:1.Compared with the normal group,the level of serum VEGF and bFGF in the model group decreased after 12 weeks of modeling(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,the levels of serum VEGF and bFGF water in the Xianlinggubao capsule group and the Quan Du Zhong capsule group increased on average at the 12th week of modeling,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The level of the Quan Du Zhong capsule group was the highest,followed by the Xianlinggubao capsule group.2.Compared with the normal group,BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N in the model group were lower,and Tb.SP were higher,the results were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the BMD,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of Xianlinggubao capsule group and the total eucommia capsule group increased,while the BS/BV and Tb.SP decreased(P<0.05).3.The Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group could significantly increase the expression of bcl-2 protein in the femoral head of dogs,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).The expression of bax protein in the femoral head of dogs in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and the Xianlinggubao capsule group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.05).The expression of caspase-3 protein in the femoral head of dogs was significantly reduced in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Quan Du Zhong capsule can increase the expression of VEGF and bFGF in serum,increase the expression of bcl-2,inhibit the expression of bax,and reduce the expression of caspase-3,which plays a synergistic role in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and has potential targets.

Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Arabica Coffee Agroforestry Systems in the Noun Division, West Cameroon

Agroforestry systems (AFSs) offer viable solutions to climate change because of the below-ground biomass (BGB) that is maintained by the soil. Therefore, spatially explicit estimation of their BGB is crucial to account for emission reduction efforts. A study to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen dynamics in Arabica coffee agroforests was conducted in two subdivisions (Foumbot and Kouoptamo) of the Noun Division in western Cameroon. The methodological approach involved the collection of 150 soil samples taken at different depths: 0 - 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 30 cm. Depending on the depth, the SOC stock is 27.93 ± 1.13 tC/ha at 10 cm depth, 22.37 ± 1.47 tC/ha at 20 cm and 20.79 ± 0.31 tC/ha at 30 cm. According to the age classes of the Arabica coffee systems (ACA), the C/N ratio in our study area averaged 26.94 ± 13.60 for the (5 - 20) year old systems in Foumbot and 60.64 ± 48.80 for the (20 - 35) year old systems in Kouoptamo. Depending on the depth, at 10 cm this ratio is higher in Kouoptamo than in Foumbot with a maximum value of 57 and 38 respectively for the two subdivisions. In view of the results obtained, it would be important to analyse the types of microorganisms responsible for the decomposition of organic matter which is linked to soil organic carbon.

发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为的影响机制:中庸思维的调节作用

作为新兴的人力资源管理实践,发展型人力资源管理实践能够对员工的工作动机、行为产生积极影响。然而,在中国本土文化情境下,鲜有文献涉及发展型人力资源管理实践如何影响员工主动变革行为。基于资源保存理论和“能力—动机—机会(AMO)”框架,探讨发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为的影响机制和边界条件。通过对三阶段349份有效样本的分析发现,发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为具有显著正向影响;员工工作重塑在发展型人力资源管理实践与员工主动变革行为间发挥部分中介作用;中庸思维会进一步强化发展型人力资源管理实践与主动变革行为间关系,且该调节效应会被工作重塑中介。

“大语法”关照下汉外词汇比较

汉语“大语法”超越主谓结构,以对话为基础,以对言格式为主干。韵律和词汇都是大语法的有机组成部分。词汇的汉外比较有利于真切认识汉语的词汇特色和构造运作之道。与英语相比较,逻辑要素在汉语里的习惯表达倾向于成对的语词,这一比较更能揭示汉语大语法“对言对思”的特性。“语义的不确定性”是语言的正常特性,符合语言交际和语言演化的一般规律。从词汇意义和语法意义的“不确定性”出发,确立汉语词汇和语法共同的“名动包含”的格局,这就开启了把名词和动词视为“对等项”的可能,为汉语大语法超越主谓结构创造了学理条件。确立汉语“名动包含”格局还有助于我们从汉语出发反观印欧语,从而加深人们对人类语言本质的认识。

“这种人”负面评价意义的规约化

短语“这种人”高频用于负面评价,且类型丰富,经常与贬义“指人NP”、贬义属性谓语或修饰语共现。从立场表达三角理论来看,“人称+这种人”是立场表达者对特定主体或客体的负面评价。“语境吸收”“礼貌原则”和“概括机制”是“这种人”负面评价倾向形成的主要机制。

结合国标对翡翠的种进行分级

翡翠的种一词起源于商业活动中,因在翡翠质量评价中占据着极其重要的位置而被广泛地推广和使用。于2009年国家颁布了翡翠分级的国标,明确给出了翡翠的定义和透明度、质地、净度、颜色、工艺的分级标准。这极大地促进了翡翠行业的规范性发展,也让其迈向国际市场更近了一步。截至目前,该国标中尚未涵盖种的介绍和分级并且专家学者们对种的概念认识不一,不仅造成了业内人士和学者们的理解困惑也给翡翠质量评估带来了阻力。因此,为进一步补充和完善翡翠分级的内容,笔者总结了前人的经验并以翡翠分级国标中相关内容为基础,从材料学的角度提出了“六面体结构”,详尽讲述了翡翠的成分、相组成、结构及密度、硬度、韧性、强度、抛光性对种的影响,提出了种的评价多因素论。在商业中,种的称谓多为形象描述,类别较多且十分混杂并不适用于翡翠的分级标准。本文列举了种分级的各类影响因素并分析了多因素间的相关性且进一步对它进行简化和归一,最终提出采用表面粗糙度这一指标作为种的分级标准,依此对种划分了四个等级,即好、较好、较差、差。

名词短语国外研究热点与趋势——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

名词短语作为重要词语组合之一,在神经科学、心理学、计算机科学等领域受到广泛关注,在语言学研究领域更是持续的热点,国外相关研究从1945年以来形成了气候,但是却没有相关研究综述。因此,以Web of Science核心集为数据来源,运用文献计量工具CiteSpace,从文献作者、研究机构、研究热点和前沿等方面,对1945-2022年期间关于名词短语研究的文献进行了可视化分析。研究表明:(1)国外名词短语研究广泛且分散,发文国家多,仅形成美国、英国和法国三个高中介中心型国家。中国起步晚,但发展迅速,已成为发文量前五国家之一;(2) Schriefers、Caramazza和Costa发文量多且已形成合作网络。中国作者中香港城市大学兰舸形成了一定的合作网络。Chomsky和Levelt文献影响力最大;(3)名词短语生成、词序、一致性、搭配、名词短语复杂性是名词短语研究的热门话题。高被引文献主题集中在名词短语生成和名词短语复杂性两个方面,代表名词短语研究前沿。

医学论文英文摘要名词特点及用法探析

以自建语料库为驱动,发现相较于一般英语文章,医学论文英文摘要在名词使用上具有高频使用名词串和名词化词汇的特点。提取主题词,发现医学论文英文摘要的名词主题词大多和医学主题密切相关。调查主题词Patients和Study的用法,发现和共现词语之间呈现出一定的搭配形式和语义韵。

钟秉林先生的本科教学评估理念与实践

钟秉林先生是当代中国高等教育改革发展的重要推动者之一,他特别强调本科教学评估在高等教育内涵式发展中的重要性,并为本科教学评估制度完善做出了突出贡献,对我国本科教学评估工作推进产生深远影响。钟先生分别以参与者、领导者和主评者的身份,深入体验了我国本科教学评估的初创、发展和不断走向成熟过程,对本科教学评估有着全面而深刻的认识。钟秉林先生客观评价了首轮本科教学评估所取得的成绩,将之归纳为“六个促进”,并对本科教学评估制度改进提出了“四个促进、四个发挥”观点,致力于实现“五个转变”“五个更加重视”目标。这些观念与实践是一笔宝贵的财富,对于推动我国高等教育高质量发展具有深远的启示和影响。

《现代汉语词典》名词释义中语言与百科信息的选择与呈现

语文词典与百科词典被认为是两种基本的词典类型。而在词典编纂实践中,语文词典的释义中经常会出现数量不等的百科信息。文章以普通名词中的具体名词类为研究对象,分析它们在《现代汉语词典》相关版本释义中语言信息与百科信息的选择与呈现。文章秉承认知语言学关于词义的观点,认为词义具有百科知识的特点。因此,语文词典释义的语文性与百科性并不是一个“是与否”的性质问题,而是“多或少”的程度问题。词典编纂者需要做的工作是根据释义需要、词典类型以及词典用户的需求,采取“自下而上”的方法,以底层义场为基本模块,确定载义和辨义的必需信息和冗余信息。

论“名动包含”说的理据及其所面临的难题

本文从语义类型角度出发,讨论“名动包含”说的成因,关注“零句”说之下“名动包含”说的推导过程以及名词成分和动词成分指称性的由来。本文指出:类型为e的指称语、类型为t的命题或类型为<st,t>的命题集合均可以做话题;英语中-ing可以是区分主要动词和次要动词的一种句法手段,不一定意味着所附着的动词在主宾语位置需要经历指称化过程;动词“是”后的成分在等值结构和述谓结构中为不同的语义类型,并不都具有指称性;而正是由于名词成分语义类型的多样性,不同句法类别在语义类型保持一致的情况下可以形成并列;即使假设动词成分事件化后具有指称性,能够指称事件个体,它与其他词类的指称语也是不同的,相互之间也是形成平行关系,而不是包含关系。

钟敬文傩文化学术思想研究

钟敬文对中国民族民间文化的发展一直报以拳拳之心。他毕生都为民间艺术奋斗不止,对傩文化发展给予了高屋建瓴的指导思想,做出了切实可行的具体贡献,对傩文化的发展起着奠基性作用。从钟敬文对傩舞傩戏的科学归类、傩文化思想精髓的阐述、包括傩戏傩面在内的民间艺术的定位、傩戏向戏剧演变的一般规律的概括等学术研究,能够勾勒出他的傩文化学术思想——民间艺术是人民文化的瑰宝。

楚文字“砫”字补说

关于楚文字中“砫”字构形问题,学界一般认为从石主声是“重”字异构。汉语中的“重”,有“古代丧礼中在虞祭之前,用木制成暂代主牌以依神之物”之义。我们结合相关文献及考古资料,认为“砫”当看作从石从主,主亦声的字。我们认为“砫”为“重”字异构,与古代丧礼中虞祭之前暂代“主”用来依附死者灵魂之“重”密切相关。秦灭六国,“重”行而“砫”废。但是,“砫”的一些义项则保留在“重”字中。

名词融合与复杂谓词的形成

文章以及物化的“VN”型复杂谓词(“踩雷乐视、取道北京”)为出发点,引入跨语言视角,探索汉语名词融合的句法、语义机制以及类型特征。在句法上,“V”和“N”通过词根移位融合,然后和事件有关的其他论旨角色会提升到“N”原有的论元槽位,表现为“VN”结构携带旁格论元的情况。在语义上,“N”并非“V”独立的语义论元,而是对“V”的语义进行修饰,对“V”所述事件进行限定和细分,但不改变“V”的价位。及物化的“VN”型复杂谓词的产生,不仅证明汉语中存在丰富的名词融合现象,更表明名词融合内部存在不同的演化轨迹,呈现谱系特性。文章提出的将形式语义学与分布式形态学相结合的形态—语义界面思路,为处理汉语中次短语层面的语言现象提供了新的框架性构想。

现代汉语名词重叠研究综述

文章主要从普通话、方言及与其他语言的对比这几个角度对现代汉语名词重叠研究进行梳理归纳。通过重点关注研究中主要讨论的重叠式的结构形式、语法意义和语法功能,展现现代汉语名词重叠的研究概况,发现不足并对将来的进一步研究做出展望。

基于史源学考察的金中都城门问题补证

金贞元元年(1153)海陵王迁都燕京,称金中都。《金史·地理志》记载中都有城门十三,而《大金国志》《金虏图经》《析津志》等文献却称金中都城门十二。针对这两种不同说法,自清代以来学者多有解释讨论,目前学界倾向于认为金中都城门初有十二,后于东北增辟光泰门,成十三之数,又正北“通玄门”曾改名“清夷门”。但这一论断的得出缺乏对相关文献史料源流的充分辨析,且对增辟光泰门及改通玄门名的时间亦论证不清。实际上,其实若从史源学的角度出发,重新梳理相关文献记载,厘清源流,既可补证上述论断,还可进一步推定金章宗为游幸万宁宫的便利而增辟光泰门,“通玄门”改名“清夷门”则是金宣宗迁都汴梁后因避忌蒙古而追改的结果,进而丰富我们对金中都城门制度的认识。

清代雍正时期黄中海道针经考释

黄中海道针经,是雍正五年至七年由文登县知县黄中,根据邑中长老口述而加工编撰的一段从天津至山东自北而南沿海航行的指南。雍正《山东通志》将是段海程收录,这是目前所见最接近原始记录的文献。是部海道针经,详细记叙了沿山东半岛一带海域的地文、水文与气象现象,并总结其规律,具有很强的科学性与实操性,它代表了在传统社会条件下海洋科学技术所能达到的最高峰。同时,它展现出一幅沿线生民捕鱼、商贸、信仰与国家海上管理的清晰生动图景。对黄中海道针经的考释,也让我们重新思考国家层面上的河运海运之争,清代因袭明重农防海的基本国策,由此构建出的一套话语体系,不但遮蔽了繁忙发达的海上往来,而且极大地延迟了海运替代河运的时间。