The Role of Education Guidance in Enhancing the Intelligence and Motivation of Village Residents

The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Winning the Battle of Poverty Alleviation points out that by 2020,rural poor people will have stable access to food and clothing,and compulsory education,basic medical care,and housing security will be guaranteed.The growth rate of per capita disposable income of farmers in poverty-stricken areas is higher than the national average,and the main indicators of basic public services are close to the national average.According to the requirements,the poverty alleviation work team stationed in the village has tailored measures to local conditions and carried out targeted poverty alleviation.Faced with difficulties such as increasing the importance of education among villagers,solving the problem of children going to school,and increasing income for villagers,under the guidance of the assistance unit,the poverty alleviation work team adopts the method of setting an example to ensure education,introducing education to increase knowledge,and expanding knowledge through education going global,in order to change the current situation from point to surface.After unremitting efforts,the villagers began to change their mindset,and the enrollment and enrollment rates of village students were significantly increased.The children enter the classroom,the elderly work at home,and the young and strong labor force actively goes out to work.The villagers have motivation to work,and life has a bright future.The village sees hope.

Strategies for Traditional Village Sustainable Development in Fuzhou City from the Perspective of Native Residents

Traditional village protection has been a hot topic recently. And traditional villages are far from meeting residents＇ demands in infrastructure as economic and social advances. Besides, local residents are not fully aware of cultural protection or inheritance, so that many traditional buildings long fallen into disrepair, have been replaced by new ones. In the meantime, the population of migrant workers is in- creasing, making cultural inheritance more difficult and causing decreasing of tradi- tional villages. Now, it is an important and tough job to release the conflict between increasing material needs of the people and historical cultural inheritance. In the re- search, field investigation was made on Dongkeng Village, Le＇an county to seek the optimal strategy for traditional village sustainable development from the perspective of importance on traditional village protection.

Exploring the dynamic evolutionary mechanism of game model on the protection of traditional villages

With the rapid improvement of urbanization and industrialization in countries around the world,how to effectively solve the rapid demise of traditional villages is a social dilemma faced by all countries,which is why a series of relevant protection regulations have been promulgated in different historical periods.However,the formulation of relevant policies is still not scientific,universal,and long-term.In this study,we constructed an evolutionary game model of local governments and residents based on the evolutionary game theory(EGT),which is used to explore the evolutionary stability strategy(ESS)and stability conditions of stakeholders under the premise of mutual influence and restriction.Besides,the study also included the analysis about the impacts of different influence factors on the evolution tendency of the game model.At the same time,numerical simulation examples were used to verify the theoretical results and three crucial conclusions have been drawn.Firstly,the strategic evolution of stakeholders is a dynamic process of continuous adjustment and optimization,and its results and speed show consistent interdependence.Secondly,the decision-making of stakeholders mainly depends on the basic cost,and the high cost of investment is not conducive to the protection of traditional villages.Thirdly,the dynamic evolutionary mechanism composed of different influence factors will have an impact on the direction and speed of decision-making of stakeholders,which provides the basis for them to effectively restrict the decision-making of each other.This study eliminates the weaknesses of existing research approaches and provides scientific and novel ideas for the protection of traditional villages,which can contribute to the formulation and improvement of the relevant laws and regulations.

Research on Spatial Perception and Inheritance of Traffic Settlement:A Case Study of Yuliang Ancient Village in Huizhou

Studying the spatial structure of ancient villages is helpful to grasp the spatial development of ancient villages and provides scientific methods for the protection and inheritance of villages.Taking Yuliang ancient village as an example,the paper analyzed the overall village space,street space and residents’perception of node space through field visits,questionnaire survey,space syntax and space perception.It was found that the spatial perception of Yuliang ancient village focused on the core traffic space,important ancient buildings and other spatial elements and;the residents’perception degree was positively related to the function,economic value and convenience degree of spatial elements.Finally,the methods of spatial form inheritance of ancient villages,such as transforming spatial functions,reserving spatial carriers and increasing spatial connections,are put forward.

The Former Residence of Wei Yuan

Last Saturday,I went to the former residence of Wei Yuan with my parents.It is in a small village called Xuetangwan Village,which is about 60 kilometers away from Longhui County.It's a quadrangle,a kind of traditional Chinese house.

The Comparative Study on Miao and Dong Traditional Residential Architectures in Southeastern Guizhou of China

After the comparison and analysis of the difference between Miao and Dong traditional residential architectures in Southeastern Guizhou,the paper had pointed out that the geological environment had decided the similarities of Miao and Dong residential architectures in external pattern,framework system and architectural materials,and the cultural difference had led to the difference between Miao and Dong residential architectures in historical source,villages' layout,spatial layont,ationality custom,traffic space and public communication space.On this basis,it had further pointed out that the mutual influence between Miao and Dong culture had made their traditional residential architectures learn from each other's strong points to offset the weakness,forming a new architectural cultural system.It emphasized the vital significance of the livability,security and comfortableness of the indoor and outdoor environment,and indicated that the architecture coordinating with the environment and fully manifesting national characteristic would be the developing tendency of national architecture in the future.

Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourism in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Pilot Site: a Case Study in China

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a wide program to promote the conservation and adap-tive management of such systems and their associated landscapes, biodiversity, knowledge systems and cultures. Rice-Fish Systems (RFS) in Longxian village of China, as a traditional agricultural system, was selected as one of the five pilot sites of GIAHS in 2005. Researchers have paid more attention to the dynamic conser-vation and adaptive management of RFS because it is under severe threats from global development challenges. Tourism is suggested to be brought into the RFS conservation program as an alternative industry. This paper presents a comparative study of residents in three types of farm household in Longxian, seeking attitudes to the RFS conservation and tourism development and ways in which such information may guide future strategies. Results show resi-dents, belonging to the household type in which most family mem-bers are abroad, have the most positive attitudes to RFS conserva-tion and tourism development; while residents, as other household type in which less than 50% of family members are abroad, are the least sensitive group in these three household types, due to the motivation of moving abroad weakening their enthusiasm to participate in the local activities. Implications are discussed in the context of how resident attitudes will affect the future manage-ment of GIAHS conservation and tourism development, and then measures are put forward to foster tourism cooperation and multi-stakeholders process establishment.

数字乡村建设对县域产业升级的影响

县域作为我国经济功能完整、运行独立的基本空间单元,在经济发展体系中的地位举足轻重。当下,我国大多数县域经济发展仍旧处于较低的水平,存在产业发展严重依赖于传统工业与农业、数字基础设施条件落后等多重掣肘。县域产业升级是实现县域经济高质量发展的重要动力,合理的技术应用会促进产业结构的升级进而影响经济增长,数字技术的蓬勃发展为县域发展带来了新的契机。在此背景下,探讨数字乡村建设是否会影响县域产业升级,通过何种渠道来影响,这种影响效应又是否会因县域经济发展水平不同而存在异质性,这一系列问题的解答对理论与实践都具有重大意义。目前关于数字乡村建设与县域产业结构升级关系的研究尚未形成一致结论,由于变量度量指标、样本观测期、理论基础的不同而有所区别。文章将北京大学新农村发展研究院和阿里研究院共同发布的县域数字乡村指数数据与中国县级层面相关数据进行匹配,最终得到2018—2020年涵盖中国1094个县(市)的面板数据,运用面板固定效应模型实证考察数字乡村建设水平对产业结构影响的总效应,并进一步开展了作用机制以及异质性效应讨论。实证结果表明:从全样本层面看,数字乡村建设能够显著促进产业结构升级转型,在进行内生性问题、替换解释变量和被解释变量、剔除特殊样本等多种稳健性检验后,该结果依然成立;从作用机制来看,数字乡村建设通过提升居民创业活跃度和收入水平促进了县域产业结构升级;异质性分析表明,数字乡村建设对中国东北、中部地区产业升级的正向效应更为明显。综合以上结果,文章提出了继续推动县域地区数字建设水平和数字应用水平、加强县域居民数字素养的培养、激发数字乡村建设的就业促进效应、发挥数字技术在经济欠发达地区的后发优势等政策建议。文章的主要贡献在于运用县域数字乡村指数科学且直观地衡量县域数字建设水平,以县域这一更加细微的尺度探讨了数字乡村建设和产业升级之间的关系,丰富现有研究,为政府加快推进数字乡村建设、实现乡村产业振兴和共同富裕目标提供指导。

数字乡村发展能使农村居民更幸福吗?——基于美好生活需要的视角

中国进入新发展阶段,人民对美好生活的向往更趋向高级化与多样化,提升农村居民幸福感是全面推进乡村振兴的一个落脚点。文章匹配县域数字乡村指数和中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,实证检验数字乡村发展对农村居民幸福感的影响。基准分析结果表明,数字乡村发展显著提升农村居民幸福感;机制分析表明,数字乡村通过满足物质性需要、心理性需要和社会性需要提升农村居民幸福感;进一步分析发现,乡村经济、生活、治理数字化通过提高收入、促进生活便利和增强政府公信力来提升农村居民幸福感,而新冠疫情弱化了数字乡村发展对农村居民幸福感的提升效应;异质性分析发现,数字乡村发展对中青年和男性群体的幸福感提升作用更强。文章结论为持续实施数字乡村发展行动、提升农村居民幸福感提供了政策启示。

“村改居”社区公共服务供给的困境表征、生成逻辑与优化路径——基于控制权理论视角的探讨

增强“村改居”社区公共服务供给的普惠性和均等性,对弥合城乡公共服务间隙,提升城市更新品质具有重要现实意义。通过对广州20个“村改居”社区公共服务供给状况的调查发现:公共服务设施供需不平衡、公共服务资金投入结构不清晰、公共服务覆盖人口严重倒挂、公共服务提质制约因素较多,成为“村改居”社区公共服务供给的困境表征。上述困境表征可以置于控制权理论视角加以分析,“村改居”社区在“镇村体制”向“街居体制”转制过程中,各方主体在事权和财权的权力转换中出现了“目标—激励”的模糊化处置。基于此,建议以普惠均等价值理念为牵引,将“村改居”社区公共服务按照公共性程度构建多元主体权责统一的“目标—激励”供给体系,创新多元主体低成本供给运营机制,促进公共服务供给责任从模糊化向清晰化、精细化转变。

新时代我国乡村警务模式创新建设的思考——基于对湖南省新化县乡村警务的实践考察

新时代乡村警务工作不断深入实践,凸显时代要求。湖南省新化县乡村警务凸显了党建引领、齐抓共管;警力前置、服务前移;平安共建、全民联防等工作特色。但在一些乡镇也存在为民服务意识不强、督管机制不健全、联动不足等现象。新时代乡村警务模式创新建设,要加强基层党组织引领作用,抓好警民党员干部主力军建设;要强化村民委员会与派出所两个中枢的结合,抓好警民联动建设;要加强宣传教育,抓好乡风文明系统、法治科普系统和社区联防系统三个系统的全覆盖建设。

数字乡村建设与农村居民生活质量——基于新结构经济学视角

文章基于CGSS调查的2021年数据,探究数字乡村建设与农村居民生活质量的影响及机制作用。研究表明:数字乡村建设对农村居民生活质量具有正向促进作用,但随着经济发展水平逐步提升,数字乡村建设对农村居民生活质量的促进作用将呈现边际递减的情况;此外,数字乡村建设能够通过促进社会参与提升农村居民生活质量;同时,数字乡村建设对农村居民生活质量的影响有明显的异质性,从区域来看,东部和中部地区的促进作用最为显著。从受教育程度来看,受到高等教育的群体反而呈现负效应;进一步地,数字乡村建设与农村居民生活质量存在倒“U”型关系,也即存在最优数字乡村建设水平。偏离了最优的数字乡村建设,将会对农村居民生活质量产生负面影响。

人口结构因素对“村改居”社区居民体育参与的影响研究

通过问卷调查法、比较分析法、数理统计法探讨了人口结构因素对“村改居”社区居民体育参与的影响。在“村改居”社区居民中,不同年龄段居民参加体育锻炼的人数占比呈“倒U”形趋势,男性居民参加体育锻炼的人数占比高于女性居民;不同年龄段男性居民在体育参与的频率和强度上存在差异,而不同年龄段女性居民在体育参与的频率和强度上不存在显著差异。非农业户籍居民参加体育锻炼的人数占比高于农业户籍居民,且非农业户籍居民在体育参与上受社区环境满意度和体育健身类社团发展情况的影响较为显著。不同家庭规模对居民体育参与的影响显著,其中家庭人数为“3~4人”的居民参加体育锻炼的人数占比最高。不同婚姻状况对居民体育参与影响也较为显著,其中已婚居民参加体育锻炼的人数占比最高。居民参加体育锻炼的人数占比呈现出随受教育程度、月收入、阶层位次提高而增加的趋势,受教育程度、月收入、阶层位次对居民体育参与的频率和强度影响显著。

“村改居”社区居家养老服务的内在逻辑与路径——基于发展型社会政策视角

在城镇化和老龄化的双重因素驱动作用下,“村改居”社区老人日益增多。如何提高这一特殊区域老年人群体的养老服务品质,从而保障其合法权益,是经济社会发展中应有的题中之义。基于发展型社会政策视角,“村改居”社区居家养老服务存在供需错位、人才匮乏、资金断层和主体单一等困境,从顶层设计+资源整合,推进“村改居”社区居家养老服务功能化;政府引导+社会参与,推进“村改居”社区居家养老服务社会化;技能培训+人才培养,推进“村改居”社区居家养老服务专业化;科技赋能+转变观念,推进“村改居”社区居家养老服务品质化等方面提出了“村改居”社区居家养老服务的新路径。

旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理与整合路径研究

基于文献梳理及长期实地调研经验积累,提炼总结了旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理,并根植积极心理学探讨文化适应的整合路径,结果表明:1)结合城乡关系演变的时代背景及“U型”曲线理论,可研判旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理。外来文化进入期,居民外在行动积极配合,内在感知具有外来文化偏向和发展期待;文化碰撞调适期,居民外在行动上文化冲突与矛盾频发,引起内在心理负面情绪及文化同化;文化整合期,目标为经历磨合后居民在外在行为上积极主动配合,能传承自身文化并寻求进步,内在感知上心理满意度不断提高,拥有文化自信和积极开放的文化认知。2)援借积极心理学研究理念,基于过程机理的不同阶段,提出传统村落居民文化适应的整合路径。从政府的宏观调控、多元主体协调及预防监督机制3方面创建积极的社会组织系统;从跨文化互动技能、主人翁观念以及灵活开放的文化认知3方面塑造积极的人格特质系统;从文化认同、游客正向凝视和社区关怀3方面营造积极的情感体验系统。

农民数字素养要素构成与影响机制——数字依赖效应

农民数字素养在数字乡村建设中占据战略性、基础性和先导性地位。论文以农民数字素养为研究对象,通过量表设计、问卷调查、实地访谈及结构方程等方法研究其要素构成与影响机制,并提出针对性的策略。研究表明,构成农民数字素养评价体系的八个因素间存在一定的促进或抑制作用。具体来说,数字身份认同和数字权利显著影响农民在数字素养方面的认识和基本能力,数字扫盲和数字情商水平对提升数字交流能力有突出影响,数字情商和数字安全显著影响数字使用能力的提升,其中数字安全对数字使用的正向影响尤为明显。此外,农民的数字交流水平对数字使用产生了显著的负向影响,即数字依赖效应。研究结果有助于通过完善农民数字素养培养体系提升乡村治理效能,释放数字红利,实现数字乡村建设。

产权视角下古民居更新路径研究——以黄山市唐模村为例

在城市化进程不断推进中,古民居的保护更新正在走向差异化的变革。本研究以黄山唐模村为例,从产权视角出发,梳理唐模村产权变更历程和建筑产权现状,分析产权法律法规缺失、产权交易繁杂、产权破碎化、资金不足、管理权责混乱等负面影响,并从产权、资金、参与者三方面揭示其现实存在的困境。在此基础上,引入小规模、渐进式更新理念,尝试在制度完备基础上,建立不同产权主体不同更新策略-循序分期更新项目-更新实施效果评估反馈的更新体系,为同类型古民居更新提供路径上的参考。

偏差与调适:“村改居”社区基本公共服务的供给困境与治理对策——以广州的实践为例

“村改居”社区是渐进性消除城乡二元体制的一种过渡性存在,但其基本公共服务供给仍存在“城”与“乡”的不协调不平衡现象。本文通过对广州40条城中村的问卷调查研究发现,“村改居”社区基本公共服务存在硬件设施供给效果不彰,财政供给关系调整微弱,人事供给缺口明显等问题。从政策执行视角看,造成“村改居”社区基本公共服务供给不足主要在于政策执行的动机偏差、规划失衡的尺度偏差和路径依赖的事责偏差。为此,需强化目标引领,系统谋划“村改居”社区基本公共服务供给的顶层设计,进一步细化“拆治兴”并举的具体对应举措,明晰激励分配结构,加快形成共建共治和责任激励的两翼保障。

产居融合视角下的资源型乡村住居空间优化策略研究——以鞍山市岫岩县玉石村为例

资源型乡村的空间优化是乡村产业发展的保障。乡村振兴战略背景下,多元主体的协同正在由权利主体引导与规训的模式转变为村民主导的自发生产模式。为全面掌握资源型乡村空间的研究现状,完善其住居空间优化方法,本文以东北地区资源型乡村为研究对象,基于空间生产理论探讨住居空间优化与产居融合问题。通过文献分析、实地调研、访谈、问卷调查和图解分析等方法,对当地生产、生活、生态3种类型空间实践结果展开研究。针对现状问题,重构新时代背景下的三元一体空间生产逻辑,提出产居融合视角下资源型乡村多维协同空间重构策略。根据不同空间生产的主导趋向对民居类型进行分类,并选取辽宁省鞍山市岫岩县玉石村作为实践案例,旨在为东北地区资源型乡村住居空间更新提供参考,对其实现全方位高质量发展具有重要意义。

居民主导,多元协力——北村韩屋居住性历史街区活态治理经验与启示

存量时代城市更新中,居住性历史街区承载着传统风貌存续、街区活力再生、现代宜居优化等多重时代使命。居民主导、多元协力、活态治理是北村韩屋居住性历史街区保护与更新机制:居民主导—自下而上自主式更新是北村治理启动与传统风貌保存的基础;多元协力—政府自上而下结构性保护与政策扶持、专家技术协力、市民文化协力是北村治理发展及街区活力再生的动力;活态治理—居民主导、居民主体、居民自治是北村治理持续及现代宜居优化路径。汲取北村韩屋街区治理方法,存续经验,对我国居住性历史街区的更新治理具有借鉴意义。