Proposal on Tunneling Effect between Quantum Hall States

In the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, the electric current flows through a thin layer under the strong magnetic field. The diagonal resistance becomes very small at integer and specific fractional filling factors where the electron scatterings are very few. Accordingly the coherent length is large and therefore a tunneling effect of electrons may be observed. We consider a new type of a quantum Hall device which has a narrow potential barrier in the thin layer. Then the electrons flow with tunneling effect through the potential barrier. When the oscillating magnetic field is applied in addition to the constant field, the voltage steps may appear in the curve of voltage V versus electric current I. If the voltage steps are found in the experiment, it is confirmed that the 2D electron system yields the same phenomenon as that of the ac-Josephson effect in a superconducting system. Furthermore the step V is related to the transfer charge Q as V = (hf)/Q where f is the frequency of the oscillating field and h is the Planck constant. Then the detection of the step V determines the transfer charge Q. The ratio Q/e (e is the elementary charge) clarifies the origin of the transfer charge. Many conditions are required for us to observe the tunneling phenomenon. The conditions are examined in details in this article.

语域理论与短篇小说的文体学分析——以麦尔·汉密尔顿的“The Proposal”为例

运用语言学的语域理论和方法来分析一篇英文小说,是一种新的尝试。文章从语域理论包含的三方面,即语场、语旨和语式探讨了其在短篇小说"The Proposal"中的语用分析价值,通过发现和归纳该短篇小说的语言形式和特征,不仅能探寻出作者的真正创作目的和思路,还能够帮助我们深入挖掘出作品的文学艺术价值。

基于Object Proposals并集的显著性检测模型

针对当前常见的显著性检测模型得到的结果会包含大量的背景区域的缺点,本文提出了基于Object Proposals并集的显著性检测模型。该模型首先对于输入图片生成一系列Object Proposals,并通过其并集计算得到背景图;然后结合纹理特征和全局对比度得到初始显著图;最后,用得到的背景图对初始显著图进行背景抑制得到最终显著图。实验结果表明,在通用MSRA1000数据集上,本文提出的显著性模型与其他5种方法相比取得了很好的效果。

A NEW PROPOSAL FOR DENSITY SALINITY SCALE (DSS98)

A new kind of buoyancy salinometer was designed according to the correlated theories of density, temperature(pressure), buoyancy and salinity. The precision and accuracy of the apparatus were determined by the Beihai Branch of the State Ocean Measurements Station, China. The buoyancy salinometer is based on the buoyancy theory of liquid, and its determinations are not affected by the variation of sample constituents and have the same accuracy relative to the absolute or standard salinity of conservative ocean water and non conservative estuarine water. Use of the buoyancy salinometer eliminates determination errors caused by using the practical salinity scale 1978 (PSS78) to measure constituent varying seawater samples on the basis of electrical conductivity of seawater samples. A new proposal for a density salinity scale (DSS98) is put forward in this paper.

Entanglement of E8E8 Exceptional Lie Symmetry Group Dark Energy, Einstein’s Maximal Total Energy and the Hartle-Hawking No Boundary Proposal as the Explanation for Dark Energy

The present note is concerned with two connected and highly important fundamental questions of physics and cosmology, namely if E8E8 Lie symmetry group describes the universe and where cosmic dark energy comes from. Furthermore, we reason following Wheeler, Hartle and Hawking that since the boundary of a boundary is an empty set which models the quantum wave of the cosmos, then it follows that dark energy is a fundamental physical phenomenon associated with the boundary of the holographic boundary. This leads directly to a clopen universe which is its own Penrose tiling-like multiverse with energy density in full agreement with COBE, WMAP and Type 1a supernova cosmic measurements.

Interactive platform for peer review:A proposal to improve the current peer review system

Peer review is the cornerstone in scientific publication.Although peer review has paramount importance in ensuring the quality of the published literature,it still has a number of shortcomings.The present manuscript proposes a new method to improve the current peer review system by providing an interactive,dynamic platform that allows direct,anonymous interaction between the authors of submitted manuscripts and the reviewers.Such real-time interaction may help eliminate any problems related to misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the reviewer’s comments or the authors’response,and would save time while keeping the identity of both parties anonymous.

Improved design of proposal distribution for particle filter

One crucial issue in particle filtering is the selection of proposal distribution. Good proposal can effectively alleviate particle degeneracy and thus improve filtering accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new type of proposal distribution for particle filter, called as R-IEKF proposal. By combining iterated extended kalman filter with Rauch-Tung-Striebel optimal smoother, the new proposal integrates the latest observation into system and approximates the true posterior distribution reasonably well, hence generating more precise and stable particles against measurement noise. The simulation results indicate that the improved particle filter with R-IEKF proposal prevails over PF-EKF and UPF both in tracking accuracy and filtering stability. Consequently, PF-RIEKF is a competitive choice in noisy measurement environment.

Visual-simulation region proposal and generative adversarial network based ground military target recognition

Ground military target recognition plays a crucial role in unmanned equipment and grasping the battlefield dynamics for military applications, but is disturbed by low-resolution and noisyrepresentation. In this paper, a recognition method, involving a novel visual attention mechanismbased Gabor region proposal sub-network(Gabor RPN) and improved refinement generative adversarial sub-network(GAN), is proposed. Novel central-peripheral rivalry 3D color Gabor filters are proposed to simulate retinal structures and taken as feature extraction convolutional kernels in low-level layer to improve the recognition accuracy and framework training efficiency in Gabor RPN. Improved refinement GAN is used to solve the problem of blurry target classification, involving a generator to directly generate large high-resolution images from small blurry ones and a discriminator to distinguish not only real images vs. fake images but also the class of targets. A special recognition dataset for ground military target, named Ground Military Target Dataset(GMTD), is constructed. Experiments performed on the GMTD dataset effectively demonstrate that our method can achieve better energy-saving and recognition results when low-resolution and noisy-representation targets are involved, thus ensuring this algorithm a good engineering application prospect.

3D Bounding Box Proposal for on-Street Parking Space Status Sensing in Real World Conditions

Vision-based technologies have been extensively applied for on-street parking space sensing,aiming at providing timely and accurate information for drivers and improving daily travel convenience.However,it faces great challenges as a partial visualization regularly occurs owing to occlusion from static or dynamic objects or a limited perspective of camera.This paper presents an imagery-based framework to infer parking space status by generating 3D bounding box of the vehicle.A specially designed convolutional neural network based on ResNet and feature pyramid network is proposed to overcome challenges from partial visualization and occlusion.It predicts 3D box candidates on multi-scale feature maps with five different 3D anchors,which generated by clustering diverse scales of ground truth box according to different vehicle templates in the source data set.Subsequently,vehicle distribution map is constructed jointly from the coordinates of vehicle box and artificially segmented parking spaces,where the normative degree of parked vehicle is calculated by computing the intersection over union between vehicle’s box and parking space edge.In space status inference,to further eliminate mutual vehicle interference,three adjacent spaces are combined into one unit and then a multinomial logistic regression model is trained to refine the status of the unit.Experiments on KITTI benchmark and Shanghai road show that the proposed method outperforms most monocular approaches in 3D box regression and achieves satisfactory accuracy in space status inference.

Comparative assessment and essential analysis on new international GHG emission reduction proposals

Since Kyoto Protocol came into force on February 16, 2005, the endeavor by international society to combat the climate change has stepped into a new milestone. The greenhouse gas （GHG） abatement mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol have served a remarkable function but also been questioned during the practices of past three years about its environmental effectiveness. A lot of new international GHG emission reduction proposals are proposed from many new a.spects, some of which especially impose pressure on developing countries. So it is of great importance to research on these new proposals in time for negotiation beyond Kyoto and institution of Chinese relevant climate policies. As this paper focutses on the way of commitment distribution of mechanisms, the mechanisms here are categorized in one of two types： those distribute commitment based on countries and those based on sectors. Some of the typical mechanisms are selected to be analyzed comparatively, especially about their influence on developing countries,E-mail address： jiangdongmei@tsinghua.edu.cn

Analysis of the interaction between bolt-reinforced rock and surface support in tunnels based on convergence-confinement method

To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockbolts and the surface support.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic material,obeying the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the non-linear Hoek-Brown criterion.According to the strain states of the tunnel wall at bolt and surface support installation and the relative magnitude between the bolt length and the plastic depth during the whole process,six cases are categorized upon solving the problem.Each case is divided into three stages due to the different effects of the active rockbolts and the passive surface support.The fictitious pressure is introduced to quantify the threedimensional(3D)effect of the tunnel face,and thus,the actual physical location along the tunnel axis of the analytical section can be considered.By using the bolt-rock strain compatibility and the rocksurface support displacement compatibility conditions,the solutions of longitudinal tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of surface support along the tunnel axis are obtained.The proposed analytical solutions are validated by a series of 3D numerical simulations.Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of the typical parameters of rockbolts and surface support on the tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of the surface support under different rock conditions.The results show that the rockbolts are more effective in controlling the tunnel displacement than the surface support,which should be installed as soon as possible with a suitable length.For tunnels excavated in weak rocks or with restricted displacement control requirements,the surface support should also be installed or closed timely with a certain stiffness.The proposed method provides a convenient alternative approach for the optimization of rockbolts and surface support at the preliminary stage of tunnel design.

Particle Filtering with Multi Proposal Distributions

Particle filtering algorithm has been applied to various fields due to its capacity to handle nonlinear/non-Gaussian dynamic problems. One crucial issue in particle filtering is the selection of the proposal distribution that generates the particles. In this paper, we give a novel strategy for selecting proposal distribution. Firstly, divide-conquer strategy is used, in which the particles used are divided into several parts. Afterward, different parts of particles are drawn from different proposal distributions. People can flexibly adjust how many of the particles drawn from specific proposal distributions according to their idiographic requirements. We provide simulation results that show its efficiency and performance.

Analysis on the Influence Factors of High Quality Proposals and the Countermeasures

The People＇s Political Consultative Conference is an organization of the patriotic united front of the Chinese people, and it is an important form of develop- ing socialist democracy. As an important way to perform the functions of the People＇s Political Consultative Conference, the proposal work has been valued by the leading collective of the Communist Party of China. Based on the summary of the research results of CPPCC proposals at home and abroad, the influence factors of the quality of proposals were investigated through the analysis and summary of the overall conditions of CPPCC proposals in recent 5 years, and specific countermeasures were put forward in terms of proposal drafting, filing and summarizing, so as to improve the scientific level of proposal work in China, and give full play to the function of CPPCC proposal work.

Theoretical Proposal for a Planar Single-Layer Carbon That Shows a Potential in Superconductivity

Single-layer superconductors[1]have been the subject of considerable interests as they are ideal systems for the fundamental understanding of two-dimensional(2D)physics and for device applications.A few singlelayer superconductors are experimentally achieved(e.g.,FeSe,MoS2,and NbSe2[2-4]in the field where either charge doping or tensile strain is often required to promote the superconductivity.

Analysis and Development Proposals of Aronia mealnocarpa Planting Industry in Heilongjiang Province

Aornial mealnocarpa Elliot is a rare tree species that combined edible,medicinal,ornamental and ecological values. This article analyzes the economic value,domestic research and development status and development trend of A. mealnocarpa. Heilongjiang Province has been hurried to introduce A. mealnocarpa,lack of understanding of the characteristics of the tree species,resulting in serious cold damage and great economic losses. For these issues,proposals are put forward to promote the development of A. mealnocarpa planting industry.

Mechanism of high-preload support based on the NPR anchor cable in layered soft rock tunnels

The control of large deformation problems in layered soft rock tunnels needs to solve urgently.The roof problem is particularly severe among the deformation issues in tunnels.This study first analyzes the asymmetric deformation modes in layered soft rock tunnels with large deformations.Subsequently,we construct a mechanical model under ideal conditions for controlling the roof of layered soft rock tunnels through high preload with the support of NPR anchor cables.The prominent roles of long and short NPR anchor cables in the support system are also analyzed.The results indicate the significance of high preload in controlling the roof of layered soft rock tunnels.The short NPR anchor cables effectively improve the integrity of the stratified soft rock layers,while the long NPR anchor cables effectively mobilize the self-bearing capacity of deep-stable rock layers.Finally,the high-preload support method with NPR anchor cables is validated to have a good effect on controlling large deformations in layered soft rock tunnels through field monitoring data.

A proposal for the generation of optical frequency comb in temperature insensitive microcavity

We numerically simulate the generation of an optical frequency comb（OFC） in a microring based on the traditional Si_3N_4 strip waveguide and a temperature compensated slot waveguide.The results show that OFCs are susceptible to temperature with strip waveguide while they can keep stable when temperature changes 10 Kin either low-Q（10-5） or highQ（10-6） microcavity with the well-designed slot waveguide,which has great superiority in practical applications where the temperature drift of the cavity due to the intense pump or surrounding change is unavoidable.

Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Multi-Time-Space Perception and Instance-Specific Proposals

Aiming at the problem that a single correlation filter model is sensitive to complex scenes such as background interference and occlusion,a tracking algorithm based on multi-time-space perception and instance-specific proposals is proposed to optimize the mathematical model of the correlation filter(CF).Firstly,according to the consistency of the changes between the object frames and the filter frames,the mask matrix is introduced into the objective function of the filter,so as to extract the spatio-temporal information of the object with background awareness.Secondly,the object function of multi-feature fusion is constructed for the object location,which is optimized by the Lagrange method and solved by closed iteration.In the process of filter optimization,the constraints term of time-space perception is designed to enhance the learning ability of the CF to optimize the final track-ing results.Finally,when the tracking results fluctuate,the boundary suppres-sion factor is introduced into the instance-specific proposals to reduce the risk of model drift effectively.The accuracy and success rate of the proposed algorithm are verified by simulation analysis on two popular benchmarks,the object tracking benchmark 2015(OTB2015)and the temple color 128(TC-128).Extensive experimental results illustrate that the optimized appearance model of the proposed algorithm is effective.The distance precision rate and overlap success rate of the proposed algorithm are 0.756 and 0.656 on the OTB2015 benchmark,which are better than the results of other competing algorithms.The results of this study can solve the problem of real-time object tracking in the real traffic environment and provide a specific reference for the detection of traffic abnormalities.

Probabilistic analysis of tunnel face seismic stability in layered rock masses using Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel

Face stability is an essential issue in tunnel design and construction.Layered rock masses are typical and ubiquitous;uncertainties in rock properties always exist.In view of this,a comprehensive method,which combines the Upper bound Limit analysis of Tunnel face stability,the Polynomial Chaos Kriging,the Monte-Carlo Simulation and Analysis of Covariance method(ULT-PCK-MA),is proposed to investigate the seismic stability of tunnel faces.A two-dimensional analytical model of ULT is developed to evaluate the virtual support force based on the upper bound limit analysis.An efficient probabilistic analysis method PCK-MA based on the adaptive Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel is then implemented to investigate the parameter uncertainty effects.Ten input parameters,including geological strength indices,uniaxial compressive strengths and constants for three rock formations,and the horizontal seismic coefficients,are treated as random variables.The effects of these parameter uncertainties on the failure probability and sensitivity indices are discussed.In addition,the effects of weak layer position,the middle layer thickness and quality,the tunnel diameter,the parameters correlation,and the seismic loadings are investigated,respectively.The results show that the layer distributions significantly influence the tunnel face probabilistic stability,particularly when the weak rock is present in the bottom layer.The efficiency of the proposed ULT-PCK-MA is validated,which is expected to facilitate the engineering design and construction.

Qualitative Comparison between the Brazilian Labeling Program for Buildings and the Portuguese Energy Certification System for Buildings:Proposals for Improving Brazilian Regulations

Buildings represent a significant share of the world’s energy consumption,and the sector has drawn the attention of governments,which have adopted policies to reduce energy expenditure.The Certifications of Energy Efficiency in Buildings stand out as one possible solution to achieve this goal,employed in several countries worldwide.The European Union presents advanced energy assessment programs for buildings,being a reference and model for several other regulations in the world.The Energy Certification System for Buildings(SCE)of Portugal is considered a success case,reflected in the significant number of energy certificates issued.The Brazilian Labeling Program for Building(PBE Edifica),first launched in 2009,does not find a broad application today in the Brazilian scenario.This work shows a synthesis of the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD)and the Brazilian and Portuguese regulations’history.A qualitative comparison is made between the SCE and the PBE Edifica to verify a European and a developing country’s regulations with a certain degree of cultural and climatic similarities.Through this comparison,proposals are made for improvements to Brazilian certification,seeking to improve its energy planning and energy policy concerning its building stock.The suggestions for improvement presented may also be appropriate for other developing countries that have started and have not yet successfully implemented their energy certification programs in buildings.