外国留学生高职“Organic Chemistry”全英文教学实践探讨

在高等职业教育国际化趋势下,随着留学生教育的开展,针对化工类专业留学生的“Organic Chemistry”(“有机化学”)课程全英文教学,从师资队伍建设、讲义教材建设、教学内容安排、教学模式探索、学业成绩考核等方面来做探讨,旨在努力提升面向留学生的专业课程教学质量。

Effect of Modified Biochar with Organic Fertiliser on the Growth and Development of Chinese Rose

In order to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and promote the large-scale and high-quality development of the Chinese rose industry. In this experiment, corn stover biochar, phosphoric acid modified biochar and organic fertilizer were used as test materials, and the effects of mixed application of modified biochar and organic fertilizer on the growth and development of Chinese rose as well as soil physicochemical properties were investigated by using the method of pot planting test. The results showed that modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of soil pH, organic matter content and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. After 120 d of planting, modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of plant height and crown width of Chinese rose;both organic fertilizer and modified biochar with organic fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll content of Chinese rose. The number of flowers and the number of branches were the highest in the modified biochar with organic fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, the application of modified biochar with organic fertilizer can better improve the soil pH, and increase the soil organic matter content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to change the biological traits of Chinese rose. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and guarantee the sustainable development of the cut flower industry.

Microbial Degradation of Organic Contaminants in Streambed/Floodplain Sediments in Passaic River—New Jersey Area

This paper is intended to explore soil organic matter and carbon isotope fractionation at three locations of the Passaic River to determine if microbial degradation of organic contaminants in soil is correlated to the surrounding physical environment. Microbial degradation of organic contaminants is important for the detoxification of toxic substances thereby minimizing stagnation in the environment and accumulating in the food chain. Since organic contaminants are not easily dissolved in water, they will penetrate sediment and end up enriching the adjacent soil. The hypothesis that we are testing is microbial activity and carbon isotope fractionation will be greater in preserved soils than urban soils. The reason why this is expected to be the case is the expectation of higher microbial activity in preserved environments due to less exposure to pollutants, better soil structure, higher organic matter content, and more favorable conditions for microbial growth. This is contrasted with urban soils, which are impacted by pollutants and disturbances, potentially inhibiting microbial activity. We wish to collect soil samples adjacent to the Passaic River at a pristine location, Great Swamp Wildlife Refuge, a suburban location, Goffle Brook Park, Hawthorne NJ, and an urban location, Paterson NJ. These soil samples will be weighed for soil organic matter (SOM) and weighed for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to test organic carbon isotopes. High SOM and δ13C depletion activity indicate microbial growth based on the characteristics of the soil horizon rather than the location of the soil sample which results in degradation of organic compounds.

Fertilization and Soil Ploughing Practices under Changing Physical Environment Lead to Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics under Conservation Agriculture in Rice-Wheat Cropping System: A Scoping Review

Ploughing and fertilization practices in rice-wheat system have deteriorated the soil carbon (C) pools. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management approaches have proven to enhance C sequestration and reverse the loss of soil-organic-carbon (SOC), which further enhances soil fertility. Different fractions of SOC pools react to the alterations in management practices and indicate changes in SOC dynamics as compared to total C in the soil. Higher SOC levels in soil have been observed in case of reduced/no-till (NT) practices than conventional tillage (CT). However, between CT and zero tillage/NT, total SOC stocks diminished with an increase in soil depth, which demonstrated that the benefits of SOC are more pronounced in the topsoil under NT. Soil aggregation provides physical protection to C associated with different-sized particles, thus, the improvement in soil aggregation through CA is an effective way to mitigate soil C loss. Along with less soil disturbance, residual management, suitable crop rotation, rational application of manures and fertilizers, and integrated nutrient management have been found to be effective in not only improving soil C stock but also enhancing the soil health and productivity. Thus, CA can be considered as a potential method in the build-up of SOC of soil in rice-wheat system.

Multi-Organ Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies for Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal inherited disorder that affects all races and ethnicities in the United States. However, it is mostly predominant in the Caucasian populace accounting for about 80% of all CF cases. CF most severe complication can be referred to as pulmonary bronchiectasis and infections of the airways, nonetheless, the devastating effects of the disease have far-reaching consequences beyond lung damage. CF is a heterogeneous disease that is caused by mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The impairment or absence of this gene can affect multiple organs and systems and is characterized not only by chronic lung blockage, infections, and inflammation but also by exocrine gland dysfunction, intestinal obstruction, liver pathology, elevated sweat chloride concentration, and in males, infertility due to the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. To this end, we briefly explore the pathological effects of CF and how CF mediates the destruction of several critical organs in the body and some of the gene therapeutical approaches such as gene editing and viral-based strategies available for the treatment of this multi-organ disease.

Investigating the Potential of Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Crystals of TTT(TCNQ)2 for Thermoelectric Applications

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of investigations on quasi-one-dimensional organic crystals of tetrathiotetracene-tetracyanoquinodi- methane (TTT(TCNQ)2) from the prospective of thermoelectric applications. The calculations were performed after analytical expressions, obtained in the frame of a physical model, more detailed than the model presented earlier by authors. The main Hamiltonian of the model includes the electronic and phonon part, electron-phonon interactions and the impurity scattering term. In order to estimate the electric charge transport between the molecular chains, the physical model was upgraded to the so-called three-dimen- sional (3D) physical model. Numeric computations were performed to determine the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric power factor and thermoelectric figure-of-merit as a function on charge carrier concentrations, temperatures and impurity concentrations. A detailed analysis of charge-lattice interaction, consisting of the exploration of the Peierls structural transition in TCNQ molecular chains of TTT(TCNQ)2 was performed. As result, the critical transition temperature was determined. The dispersion of renormalized phonons was examined in detail.

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea produced 8.41 t DM ha-1 with a total N yield of 319 kg N ha-1 and total C production of 3835 kg C ha-1. The WSL treatments had only small effects on rye forage yield and N concentration, possibly due to mineralization of N from a large SOC pool already in place. The CSL treatments also had only minimal effects on sorghum-sudangrass forage production. Winter pea, arrow leaf and crimson clover were productive cool season legumes and could be useful as green manure crops. Mungbean and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) were highly productive warm season legumes but may include more production risk in green manure systems due to soil moisture competition.

Study the Effect of Thickness on the Performance of PM6:Y6 Organic Solar Using SCAPS Simulation

In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to examine the performance of this type of organic polymer thin-film solar cell by varying the thickness of the active layer. PFN-Br interfacial layer entrenched in OPV devices gives overall enhanced open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor thus improving device performance. PEDOT: PSS is an electro-conductive polymer solution that has been extensively utilized in solar cell devices as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its strong hole affinity, good thermal and mechanical stability, high work function, and high transparency in the visible range. The structure of the organic solar cell is ITO/PEDOT: PSS/BTP-4F: PBDB-T-2F/PFN-Br/Ag. Firstly, the active layer thickness was optimized to 100 nm;after that, the active-layer thickness was varied up to 900 nm. The results of these simulations demonstrated that the active layer thickness improves efficiency significantly up to 500 nm, then it decreased with increasing the thickness of the active layer from 600 nm, also notice that the short circuit current and the fill factor decrease with increasing the active layer from 600 nm, while the open voltage circuit increased with increasing the thickness of the active layer. The optimum thickness is 500 nm.

Dissolved Organic Matter Features of Three Adjacent Eastern Mediterranean Urbanized Watersheds

Landscape urbanization broadly affects ecosystems in coastal watersheds, but, until now, the influence of nonpoint source urban inputs on dissolved organic matter (DOM) amount, composition, and source is poorly understood. To understand how DOM composition varied with urbanization, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were determined for urban and non-urban waters from upstream to downstream sites along three adjacent coastal watersheds that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. Two humic DOM fluorescent components (humic-like and fulvic-like peaks) and two proteinic components (tyrosine-like and tryptophane-like peaks) were identified by EEM fluorescence. The results indicated that urbanization had an important influence on DOM concentration and composition, with urban waters having a high degree of DOM variation due to different land uses surrounding each body of water. Urban waters show a higher DOM fluorescence index (FI), the highest fluorescence intensity of protein-like manifested also by BIX values, and a lower value of the humification index (HIX) than non-urban waters which were dominated by allochthonous inputs. In addition, the EEM was compared in dry and wet season where higher DOM amounts and FI appeared in summer due to autochthonous production coming from algae growth compared to allochthonous input from rainfall dominated in wet season. The concentration of DOC increased from upstream to downstream for the three rivers, especially Beirut River. The increase in DOC values was observed in both dry and wet seasons by 39 and 19 times respectively compared to upstream (0.93 - 0.91 mgC/L).

Auxiliary Software for Defining the Parameters of the Structural Organization of a Complex System

The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.

Sensory and Nutritional Properties and Stability of Formulated Organic Food Flavour Enhancers

Most food flavours have been shown to contain high quantities of cooking salt, followed by flavour enhancers such as sodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, disodium guanylate and hydrogenated oils. Excess of these substances is associated with cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. In an effort to reduce the harmful effects of these synthetic substances, this study therefore aimed to formulate organic, nutritious food flavours with good storage stability from less harmful locally available food ingredients. A survey was carried out in 130 households and restaurants in the city of Yaoundé Cameroon, in order to evaluate the level of consumption of industrial flavours. Certain ingredients such as prawns, onions, garlic, white peppers, gingers and salt were used in some households as organic flavours. These ingredients and others were used to prepare 5 organic flavours. Their sensory and nutritional analyses and stability to storage within 90 days were evaluated. The survey revealed that 74.6% of respondents consume industrial flavours, with the cube flavour being the most widely consumed (81%). Two of the 5 organic flavours (434 and 634) had highest scores for general acceptability. The nutritional analyses of the formulae retained (434 and 634), showed that they contained: 11.08% and 10.68% fresh weight for moisture, 47.63% and 43.53% protein, 16.52% and 13.62% lipids, 2.20% and 2.44% fibres, 11.69% and 16.39% carbohydrates. Formula 434, the most accepted, had higher contents of Ca (257.97), Mg (115.91), K (1163), Zn (2.98), Cu (1.02) and Fe (12.43 mg/100g DM) while the second (634) had higher contents of sodium (3270.48) and manganese (2.18 mg/100g). Their water activity during storage in polypropylene bags for 90 days ranged from 0.39 - 0.58 at a temperature of 26.6˚C - 37˚C. The oxidative stability (90 days), determined by the acid and peroxide indices, was 9.18 - 14.13 mg KOH/g and 1.98 - 6.46 meq O2/Kg, respectively indicating good stability for 90 days of storage. The high levels of proteins and minerals in our two products justify their umami taste and can be used as highly nutritional food flavour enhancers to prevent cardiovascular diseases, especially in the elderly.

Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study.

Variations in Soil Organic Matter Content in Cultivated and Uncultivated Calcareous Soils from the Mediterranean Island of Malta after 15 Years of Cultivation

The soils of Malta are calcareous and generally undeveloped. Organic matter (OM) in these soils is low and farmers are constantly urged to increase it. The objective of this study was to evaluate any temporal variation in soil OM after 15 years of cultivation, and determine whether soil series, soil depth, and cultivation influence variation. OM was determined in the topsoil and subsoil of 7 agricultural and 4 non-agricultural sites. The sites represented 7 different soil series that are present on the island. In sampling periods 1 (t = 0 years) and 2 (t =15 years), the OM content in the collective (all soil series) bulk (topsoil and subsoil) uncultivated soil was 3.9 % and 3.8 % respectively. This was significantly greater than that of the collective bulk cultivated soil (2.4% and 2.3%). The OM in the collective uncultivated topsoil was 5.4% and 5.2% in periods 1 and 2 and was significantly higher than that of the cultivated topsoil (2.5% in both periods). The OM content in the collective uncultivated subsoil was 2.3% and 2.5% in periods 1 and 2 respectively but only that measured in period 2 was significantly higher than that of the cultivated subsoil (2.2% in both periods). On an individual soil series basis, the OM in the uncultivated topsoils was significantly higher than that of their cultivated counterparts. The differences in the subsoils were not significant. Across the uncultivated soil series, OM was significantly higher in the topsoil than in the subsoil but in the cultivated soil series the differences between topsoil and subsoil were not significant. There was no significant difference in OM between the uncultivated soils of different series, but in the cultivated the OM content was higher in soils that were more mature. After 15 years, no significant change in OM occurred in both the collective cultivated and uncultivated bulk soils, the collective topsoil and subsoil, and in most of the individual series. The OM content of each soil series was also similar to what was reported 60 and 50 years earlier by other researchers.

National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

Gabonese’s estuary is an important coastal mangrove setting and soil plays a key role in mangrove carbon storage in mangrove forests. However, the spatial variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage remain unclear. To address this gap, determining the SOC spatial variation in Gabonese’s estuarine is essential for better understanding the global carbon cycle. The present study compared soil organic carbon between northern and southern sites in different mangrove forest, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans. The results showed that the mean SOC stocks at 1 m depth were 256.28 ± 127.29 MgC ha−1. Among the different regions, SOC in northern zone was significantly (p p < 0.001). The deeper layers contained higher SOC stocks (254.62 ± 128.09 MgC ha−1) than upper layers (55.42 ± 25.37 MgC ha−1). The study highlights that low deforestation rate have led to less CO2 (705.3 Mg CO2e ha−1 - 922.62 Mg CO2e ha−1) emissions than most sediment carbon-rich mangroves in the world. These results highlight the influence of soil texture and mangrove forest types on the mangrove SOC stocks. The first national comparison of soil organic carbon stocks between mangroves and upland tropical forests indicated SOC stocks were two times more in mangroves soils (51.21 ± 45.00 MgC ha−1) than primary (20.33 ± 12.7 MgC ha−1), savanna and cropland (21.71 ± 15.10 MgC ha−1). We find that mangroves in this study emit lower dioxide-carbon equivalent emissions. This study highlights the importance of national inventories of soil organic carbon and can be used as a baseline on the role of mangroves in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation but the variation in SOC stocks indicates the need for further national data.

浅议“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”

不寐是临床上常见的一种睡眠障碍,长期不寐对人们的工作、生活和学习造成很大的影响,给患者、家庭和社会带来不同程度的隐患和危害。作者查阅古代医家文献及现代诸多学者论文基础上,结合多年临床治疗不寐经验,提出“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”观点。文章分别从生理状态、病理变化、中医药治疗等方面就不寐与五脏六腑的管理进行论述,认为生理情况下人体各脏腑各司其职,互相协调,方可正常寤寐。病理情况下,各种因素引起五脏六腑功能失常,直接或间接导致心神不宁、心神失养,阴阳失交,从而产生不寐。因不寐的发病与五脏六腑均有密切联系,故概括为“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”。通过探讨不寐与脏腑的关系,旨在拓宽临床不寐中医论治思路,为不寐的中医辨证论治开辟新思路和方案。

有机肥替代氮肥对冬小麦氮素吸收利用的影响

有机肥部分替代氮肥是实现作物可持续发展的途径之一,探索了小麦有机氮部分替代化肥氮的适宜配比,以及替代后氮素累积、运转以及利用的特征,以期为河北地区冬小麦氮肥减量增效技术提供依据。2021—2023年在河北宁晋进行小麦大田试验,设置9个处理。T1,无氮,单施化肥磷钾肥;T2,高效施肥,单施化学氮磷钾肥;T3~T7,有机肥分别替代T2的20%,40%,60%,80%,100%的氮肥;T8,传统施肥,单施化学氮磷钾肥;T9,有机肥替代T2100%的氮肥+液态氮肥。2 a试验结果表明,100%替代率+液态氮处理可获得较高的小麦产量;其次是40%替代率处理,其产量与高效施肥处理相当,且试验第2年远高于传统施肥处理。100%替代率+液态氮处理通过起身期补充速效氮,提高了茎叶中氮素含量,植株氮素累积量与高效施肥和传统施肥处理相当;40%,80%替代率处理同样获得与高效施肥处理相当的氮素累积量。20%~100%替代率处理(包括液态氮处理)可以实现较高的茎叶氮素运转率和对籽粒氮的贡献率,其中100%替代率+液态氮处理肥料氮吸收利用效果好,获得了较高的肥料氮累积量、氮肥利用率和氮收获指数,其效果与高效施肥处理相当或略高;其次是40%替代率处理,其效果与高效施肥处理相当或略低。综上,100%替代率+液态氮处理小麦产量、植株氮素累积量、氮素运转率、籽粒氮素累积量及氮效率俱佳,其次是40%替代率处理。

喷施不同浓度海藻叶面肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响

研究不同浓度的海藻叶面肥(Organic-based biostimulant formulas,OBFs)喷施下茶青产量和品质的变化,为红壤区茶树高产优质栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不喷施OBFs为对照(T0),在茶园设置5个OBFs叶面肥喷施体积分数0.33%、0.66%、0.99%、1.32%、1.65%,分别记为T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5),研究喷施不同浓度OBFs对茶树嫩叶吸收养分、以及茶产量与品质的影响。结果表明,喷施OBFs可以改善茶树农艺性状、促进嫩叶吸收养分和增产提质。与T0相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理茶青产量分别增加1.4、1.4、1.3、2.1、2.4倍(P<0.05)。随着OBFs喷施浓度增加,茶青总生物碱、咖啡碱和氨基酸的含量先升后降。与T0相比,T_(1)和T_(2)处理茶青总生物碱分别增加9.6%和9.3%,咖啡碱分别增加9.3%和11.4%,氨基酸含量分别增加5.0%和12.4%(P<0.05)。此外,T_(1)和T_(2)处理下茶青氮含量分别增加5.5%和6.1%,磷含量分别增加19.9%和13.3%,钾含量分别增加20.9%和10.0%;T_(1)处理下茶青硅含量增加14.8%(P<0.05)。茶青产量与芽头密度、百芽重、节间长、叶面积、叶绿素含量均显著正相关;茶青咖啡碱、总生物碱与茶青氮、磷、钾和硅含量呈显著正相关,茶青非必需氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量与茶青氮、磷、钾含量均有显著的正相关关系。综上所述,喷施OBFs可以提高茶青产量,其中以喷施1.65%OBFs茶青产量较高,喷施0.33%、0.66%OBFs可以提高茶树嫩叶氮、磷、钾和硅元素的含量,改善茶树农艺性状,实现茶青产量和品质的双提升。

急性胃肠道损伤分级联合序贯器官衰竭评分对脓毒症患者28天预后有评估价值

目的:探讨急性胃肠损伤(AGI)分级联合序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)对脓毒症患者28 d预后的预测价值。方法:以192例脓毒症患者为研究对象,根据患者28 d是否存活分为存活组和死亡组,比较2组的临床特征。入院1周内每日记录AGI分级,并分析不同AGI分级患者的临床特征。分别绘制AGI分级、SOFA评分、急性生理学及慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分以及AGI分级联合SOFA评分对患者28 d预后的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算相应的曲线下面积(AUC),并进行比较。结果:192例脓毒症患者28 d死亡率为38.0%(73/192),AGI的发生率为89.1%(171/192),其中1级患者69例,2级72例,3级26例,4级4例。AGI分级越高,患者危重症评分、28 d死亡率越高(P均<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,年龄、乳酸、机械通气(MV)、AGI分级以及APACHEⅡ评分是脓毒症患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析提示,AGI分级、SOFA评分对患者28 d死亡的预测能力均低于APACHEⅡ评分,但两者相结合的预测能力与APACHEⅡ评分相当(P>0.01)。结论:脓毒症患者AGI发生率高,AGI分级联合SOFA评分对脓毒症患者28 d预后有预测价值。

无有机模板法制备Cu-ZSM-5催化剂及其选择性催化氧化苯乙烯

不使用任何有机模板剂,硝酸铜和正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)经过酸性水解、碱性陈化和水热晶化,制备得到四配位铜修饰ZSM-5沸石(Cu-ZSM-5)。考察凝胶的Si/Al摩尔比、pH值、晶化温度和晶化时间对Cu-ZSM-5的晶型和相对结晶度的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外漫反射谱和X-射线光电子能谱等手段对Cu-ZSM-5进行分析表征。结果表明:Cu-ZSM-5沸石具有MFI结构,结晶度高,无其他杂晶;铜原子以四配位为主。四配位铜是催化氧化苯乙烯的活性位点;在m(Cu-ZSM-5-50)=0.1 g、n(TBHP)/n(Styrene)=1.5、T=60℃、t=5 h条件下,苯乙烯转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别为76.5%和69.4%,表明Cu-ZSM-5-50具有较高的催化活性和较好的重复利用性。该制备方法不使用有机模板剂,无需高温焙烧,Cu-ZSM-5催化剂的制备成本大大降低。

水土保持碳汇内涵与测算方法

水土保持深刻改变着地表覆被和结构、土地利用方式和陆地生态系统结构等,是增强陆地碳汇能力的重要途径。以水土保持林草、工程和耕作措施为切入点,按照“机理阐述—模型构建—分类测算”的总体思路,阐明水土保持碳汇内涵,明确了水土保持碳汇途径,构建水土保持碳汇测算方法,估算全国水土保持碳汇量。结果表明:水土保持具有垂向碳增汇、横向保土固碳(减少侵蚀土壤横向输移导致的碳流失)与减蚀减碳(避免碳排放)的多重功能。2021年,全国现存水土保持措施垂向碳增汇总量为1.54亿t,对陆域碳汇的贡献约43.5%~56.5%,其中林草措施植被和土壤碳汇量超过95%。水土保持保土固碳作用显著,2021年全国水土保持措施保土固碳总量为3 040.86万t,且具有明显的累积效应和长效作用。总体来说,2021年水土保持碳增汇(不包括水土保持林草措施植被碳汇量和土壤碳汇量)和减碳量为5 115万~6 230万t CO_(2),约占到全国现有陆地生态系统碳中和总量的4%~6%,这一部分尚未纳入国家碳汇核算体系,其应是实现“双碳”目标的重要环节。