Exploration of the Integrated Training Model for Information Technology Teachers

With the acceleration of the social information process,information awareness and information skills have become the basic qualities of every citizen.The establishment of the training mechanism for scientific and technological innovation talents from the beginning of higher education is insufficient to meet the needs of the development of the times.It is imperative to improve the training of information technology innovation talents and explore a new training model.This paper describes the general situation of the development of education in the field of information technology from a domestic and international perspective.It then analyzes the existing problems,explores new exploration models and implementation suggestions,and puts forward prospects at the end of the paper.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Education in Veterinary Microbiology Experimental Technology

The veterinary microbiology experimental course plays a key role in education and practice,integrating“knowledge,skills,and qualities”into the talent cultivation program.The syllabus has been revised to emphasize the course’s ideological and political education objectives.The extraction of ideological and political elements focuses on developing a curriculum that includes ideological and political teaching materials and cases,ensuring coherence across classroom teaching,social practice,and online courses.By organically integrating ideological and political elements within stories,along with professional knowledge,operational skills,and social practice,the course aims to enhance the appeal and effectiveness of ideological and political education in the experimental course.

Application of integrated geophysical techniques in geothermal exploration in Binhai County, Jiangsu Province

Integrated geophysical technology is a necessary and effective means for geothermal exploration.However,integration of geophysical technology for large‐scale surveys with those for geothermal reservoir localization is still in development.This study used the controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric method technology for large‐scale exploration to obtain underground electrical structure information and micromotion detection technology to obtain underground wave velocity structure information.The combination of two detection technologies was used for local identification of geothermal reservoirs.Further,auxiliary correction and inversion constraint were implemented through the audio magnetotelluric sounding technology for maximum authenticity restoration of the near‐and transition‐field data.Through these technology improvements,a geothermal geological model was established for the Binhai County of Jiangsu Province in China and potential geothermal well locations were identified.On this basis,a geothermal well was drilled nearly 3000m deep,with a daily water volume of over 2000m3/day and a geothermal water temperature of 51°C at the well head.It is found that predictions using the above integrated geophysical exploration technology are in good agreement with the well geological formation data.This integrated geophysical technology can be effectively applied for geothermal exploration with high precision and reliability.

Analysis of the Application of Span-Bridge Technology for Building Highway Tunnels that Go Over Solutional Caves

This article presents a real engineering project showcasing the application of span-bridge construction technology for building a highway that goes over a solutional cave.An overview of the project and the details of applying this technology in highway construction are provided.Besides,strategies for enhancing its construction quality are also proposed.The objective of this analysis is to improve the safety and quality of similar projects.

Application of Formation Testing Technology to Oil and and Gas Exploration in China

The introduction and application of formation testing technology to China has been relatively late.In the 1940's,the pounding valve tester developed by Johnston Company was used in.Yumen Oilfield.After the 1950's,the formation testing technology was no longer used due to introduction and application of former Soviet Union's testing technology.

Exploration technology and development trend of Daqing Oilfield

Exploration for oil and deep gas in northern Songliao Basin,complex rift basin—Hailaer Basin,and Yi-Shu Graben in peripheral basin has technical challenge.Researches on supporting technology including seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,logging and drilling are performed to establish high resolution 3D seismic technology for lithologic reservoir,deep volcanic rock and complex rift basin,reservoir evaluation and stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir,volcanic reservoir and complex rift reservoir,and drilling technology for deep volcanic rock,providing technical support for reserves increase in northern Songliao Basin,large gas reservoirs discovery in deep volcanic rock and exploration progress in complex rift basin.Next-step development trend of exploration technology is proposed to meet the demand of more technical challenges in the future.

GV Technology for Exploration and Delineation of Lode Gold Claims

Demands for new gold deposits are increasing worldwide and the need to better define lode and placer claims is a critical environmental and economic issue. Recently, interesting results have been produced using dedicated geological information systems designed to explore for earth mineral deposits. These systems employ properties of fundamental physical fields generated by interactions of superlight elementary particles. GV technology （Geo-Vision geological direct detection radiometric and Air-Gamma technology）, a revolutionary technology for exploring the earth from outer space and from inside aircraft, has been utilized to identify and precisely locate gold deposits. All elements of the Earth＇s crust exist in an excited state and are constantly emitting what can be called their ＂intrinsic radiation＂. The melding of science and data interpretation makes GV Technology ideal for defining both lode and placer gold deposits. The use of GV technology will improve success ratios associated with the exploration for and delineation of gold deposits and provide better definition of successful core drilling locations. The technology will also decrease the cost of defining gold deposits and since GV technology is ecologically friendly, it provides considerable reductions in environmental mitigation costs. From 1995 to 2014, GV technology has been used to identify and delineate gold deposits in Russia, Mongolia, Kirghizia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Namibia, Australia, and the United States.

Theoretical Progress and Key Technologies of Onshore Ultra-Deep Oil/Gas Exploration

Oil/gas exploration around the world has extended into deep and ultra-deep strata because it is increasingly difficult to find new large-scale oil/gas reservoirs in shallow–middle buried strata. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in oil/gas exploration in ultra-deep areas including carbonate and clastic reservoirs. Some (ultra) large-scale oil and gas fields have been discovered. The oil/gas accumulation mechanisms and key technologies of oil/gas reservoir exploration and development are summarized in this study in order to share China’s experiences. Ultra-deep oil/gas originates from numerous sources of hydrocarbons and multiphase charging. Liquid hydrocarbons can form in ultradeep layers due to low geothermal gradients or overpressures, and the natural gas composition in ultra-deep areas is complicated by the reactions between deep hydrocarbons, water, and rock or by the addition of mantle- or crust-sourced gases. These oils/gases are mainly stored in the original highenergy reef/shoal complexes or in sand body sediments. They usually have high original porosity. Secondary pores are often developed by dissolution, dolomitization, and fracturing in the late stage. The early pores have been preserved by retentive diageneses such as the early charging of hydrocarbons. Oil/gas accumulation in ultra-deep areas generally has the characteristics of near-source accumulation and sustained preservation. The effective exploration and development of ultra-deep oil/gas reservoirs depend on the support of key technologies. Use of the latest technologies such as seismic signal acquisition and processing, low porosity and permeability zone prediction, and gas–water identification has enabled the discovery of ultra-deep oil/gas resources. In addition, advanced technologies for drilling, completion, and oil/gas testing have ensured the effective development of these fields.

Research progress and key issues of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in China

Based on the recent oil and gas discoveries and geological understandings on the ultra-deep strata of sedimentary basins, the formation and occurrence of hydrocarbons in the ultra-deep strata were investigated with respect to the processes of basin formation, hydrocarbon generation, reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation, and key issues in ultra-deep oil and gas exploration were discussed. The ultra-deep strata in China underwent two extensional-convergent cycles in the Meso-Neoproterozoic Era and the Early Paleozoic Era respectively, with the tectonic-sedimentary differentiation producing the spatially adjacent source-reservoir assemblages. There are diverse large-scale carbonate reservoirs such as mound-beach, dolomite, karst fracture-vug, fractured karst and faulted zone, as well as over-pressured clastic rock and fractured bedrock reservoirs. Hydrocarbons were accumulated in multiple stages, accompanied by adjusting and finalizing in the late stage. The distribution of hydrocarbons is controlled by high-energy beach zone, regional unconformity, paleo-high and large-scale fault zone. The ultra-deep strata endow oil and gas resources as 33% of the remaining total resources, suggesting an important successive domain for hydrocarbon development in China. The large-scale pool-forming geologic units and giant hydrocarbon enrichment zones in ultra-deep strata are key and promising prospects for delivering successive discoveries. The geological conditions and enrichment zone prediction of ultra-deep oil and gas are key issues of petroleum geology.

Technologies in Discovery and Exploration of Fuling Shale Gas Field, China

Marine shale gas in South China is widely distributed and demonstrates an enriched resource. Compared with the North American commercial shale gas field, the shale formation in South China is featured by old age, multiple stages tectonic movements, and high thermal evolution degree and complex reservoir forming conditions. As a result, the existing theories and technical methods of exploration in North America cannot be simply applied to South China. Since 2007, based on the in-depth study on a large quantity of analytical test data, we have conducted the theory and technology research for the southern marine shale gas, found Wufeng-Longmaxi Group deep water shelf high-quality shale gas critical parameters coupling laws, proposed the “Binary Enrichment” theory for highly evolved marine shale gas in southern complex tectonic zone, and established a zone selection and evaluation criteria, which are based on the quality of shale, for the key of preservation condition, and for the purpose of economy. Taking this as a guide, we selected Longmaxi formation Lower Silurian of Fuling area in southeastern Sichuan Province as the preferred breakthrough field for the shale gas exploration. The Jiaoye 1 well has the daily gas production of 20.3 × 104 m3, which embarked the found of China’s first large-scale business development gas field, the Fuling shale gas field. And we submit the first domestic shale gas proven reserves of 1067.5 × 108 m3. The Fuling shale gas reservoirs are deep water shelf marine high-quality shale, with favorable thickness and even distribution, without dissection in the middle. They are typical self-generation and self-storage shale gas reservoirs. The gas fields have high production gas well;high pressure gas reservoir, good gas components and good exploit results, and there for the Fuling shale gas field is characterized by mid-depth, high pressure, high reservoir pressure, and high quality gas accumulation. Up to March 24, 2014, all of the 101 fracture-gas testing wells have obtained middle and upper shale airflow, with the average single well test production of 32.6 × 104 m3/d. In the exploration and development process, technology series in geological evaluation, horizontal well, drilling, well completion, piecewise fracturing techniques have been gradually formed. It is of great importance to commercially develop the domestic shale gas and promote the restructuring of China’s energy structure.

Efficient Penetration Testing Path Planning Based on Reinforcement Learning with Episodic Memory

Intelligent penetration testing is of great significance for the improvement of the security of information systems,and the critical issue is the planning of penetration test paths.In view of the difficulty for attackers to obtain complete network information in realistic network scenarios,Reinforcement Learning(RL)is a promising solution to discover the optimal penetration path under incomplete information about the target network.Existing RL-based methods are challenged by the sizeable discrete action space,which leads to difficulties in the convergence.Moreover,most methods still rely on experts’knowledge.To address these issues,this paper proposes a penetration path planning method based on reinforcement learning with episodic memory.First,the penetration testing problem is formally described in terms of reinforcement learning.To speed up the training process without specific prior knowledge,the proposed algorithm introduces episodic memory to store experienced advantageous strategies for the first time.Furthermore,the method offers an exploration strategy based on episodic memory to guide the agents in learning.The design makes full use of historical experience to achieve the purpose of reducing blind exploration and improving planning efficiency.Ultimately,comparison experiments are carried out with the existing RL-based methods.The results reveal that the proposed method has better convergence performance.The running time is reduced by more than 20%.

China's Technologies for Exploration and Mining of Uranium Deposits Have Stepped into the World's Top Team

On June 2011, the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, an Institute within the China National Nuclear Corporation （CNNC）, and the Department of Geology ＆ Mining CNNC carried out a project Scientific Drilling.for Deep Metallogenic Research in the Xiangshan Large Uranium Ore Field. A year later on June 21, the project, representing the first scientific drilling of China＇s uranium, was officially launched, and successfully completed on June 17, 2013. A 2818.88 m of drilling depth has broken the previous record 1200 m of exploration depth.

Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

Exploration and research progress of shale gas in China

There are three types of shale gas resources in China.The resources are present in large amounts and are widely distributed.Marine facies,transitional facies and continental facies resources each account for a third.Based on resource distributions,there are many wells penetrated into the Sinian,Cambrian, Ordovieian,Silurian,Devonian,Carboniferous and Permian strata of the Yangtze plate and its periphery, the North China Craton and the Tarim Basin.Many years of exploration have indicated that the marine Silurian Longmaxi shale gas is widely distributed in south China and has been industrialized in its production in the Siehuan basin.The shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation and the Sinian Doushantuo Formation are important discoveries in Yichang,Hub ei and Zhenba,Shanxi.There are also shale gas resources found within transitional facies and continental facies in different areas in China.The "two element enrichment theory"has been summarized during the exploration process of Silurian marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin.In addition,horizontal drilling and fracturing technologies up to 3500 m in depth have been developed.Based on the understanding of shale gas accumulation in a complex tectonic zone outside the Sichnan basin,a preliminary summary of the formation of the "converse fault syneline control reservoir"and "paleo uplift control reservoir"model has been constructed.The dominant theory of "Trinity"shale gas enrichment and the high yield of the "deep water Lu Pengxiang sedimentary facies belt, structural preservation conditions and overpressure"is summarized.Guided by the above theories.Anyel well in Guizhou and Eyangyel well in Hubei were drilled."Four storey"oil and shale "gas is found in the Permian Qixia group,the Silurian Shiniulan Formation,the Longmaxi Formation and the Ordovician Baota Formation in Anyel well.Good shale gas has been gound in the Cambrian Niutitang formation inian Doushantuo formation in Eyangye lwell.This paper aims to summarize and review the main progress,theoretical technology and problems of shale gas exploration and development in recent years in China,and predicts the future exploration and development direction for shale gas and possible exploration areas.

Flourishing Technology Development for China's Petroleum Industry

In the past two years,more effort has been paid to scientific research for devel opment of new technologies in order to fulfill the goal of CNPC.

Outlook for Oil and Gas Engineering Technology in China

In the field of global oil and gas engineering science and technology, innovative progress has been made in deep sea exploration, unconventional oil and gas exploration, deep exploration in mature areas, and improvements in recovery efficiency and supporting technologies. The oil and gas industry in China has entered the stage of "simultaneous development of both shallow and deep sea areas, conventional and unconventional oil and gas, and onshore and offshore exploration", withonshore deep areas,deep sea areas,and unconventional oil and gas as important exploration priorities. Oil and gas engineering science and technology in China has seen 14 breakthroughs made in key areas and 6 key tasks to be completed in the fields of "onshore deep exploration, deep sea exploration, unconventional oil and gas exploration, recovery efficiency improvement and supporting engineering technologies". These developments will effectively promote the orderly succession of oil and gas exploration and the efficient use of oil and gas resources to achieve a sustained and healthy development of the oil and gas industry in China and boost the development and utilization of overseas resources.

New Technology Promoting Advance of China's Petroleum Industry

In the recent years,CNPC has examined and approved more than 600 items of gadgets for extensive application.The approved projects inc-lude both single item of advanced and applicable technology and a number of items of supporting technology which are broght together in one area to solve the regional problems and boost the production capacity.As the economic reform is making progress,,theI mandatory planned system will be gradually replaced by the new guiding planned managerial system.

New technology opens the door for deepwater development

The paper provided an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrated the importance of its application through actual project example, and discussed some future technical development trends. The focus was on the floating structures. By reviewing some of the engineering aspects of the project, the technology advancement, innovations and challenges in offshore engineering were discussed and demonstrated. The author’s view of technical challenges facing deepwater forwarding was discussed, which covered water depth limitations, new material application, installation methods, riser development and operational issues. An overview of technologies that will enable deepwater projects to be extended into new frontiers was presented.

Lunar Exploration and Development Vision

By summarizing the history,human achievements in lunar exploration,the vision and prospect of the con-strucion of a lunar base for the further development in lunar exploration is proposed.The idea of building a"beehive"lunar vllage is proposed,and the promotion of future lunar exploration along with the impact on the development of science,technology and the economy is analyzed in this paper。

Patent Analysis and Research on Mars Sampling Technology

This article reviews Mars sampling and return technology,by retrieving and analyzing the patents of domestic and foreign sampling equipment and mechanism technology,Mars surface removal technology and ultra-highspeed light and small sample return technology.It conducts patent analysis from the macro-technical view down to the micro-specific content view using statistical,quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.In the process of macro-analysis,it analyzes patent data from multiple perspectives such as time,region,technical composition,and applicants,and establishes the development trends for Mars sampling and return technology at home and abroad.In the process of micro-analysis,through the analysis and interpretation of key patents,we can learn the development priorities and development direction of foreign Mars sampling and return technology.This paper also proposes China’s Mars sampling and return technology development suggestions.