This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experience...This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experienced financial distress, the audit reports are not similar, despite all companies are similarly troubled financially. Companies receive either a disclaimer or an emphasis of matter （EOM） report. The study finds that which of the two reports is given is associated with three variables： current-year operating loss, shareholders＇ deficit, and default status, implying that audit reports do convey information that financial distress is not of the same level and severity among PN 17 companies.展开更多
Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ...Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.展开更多
文摘This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experienced financial distress, the audit reports are not similar, despite all companies are similarly troubled financially. Companies receive either a disclaimer or an emphasis of matter （EOM） report. The study finds that which of the two reports is given is associated with three variables： current-year operating loss, shareholders＇ deficit, and default status, implying that audit reports do convey information that financial distress is not of the same level and severity among PN 17 companies.
文摘Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.
