基于PRECEDE模式的居民减盐行为影响因素的混合方法研究

背景中国居民高血压患病率高而控制率低,大量流行病学研究表明减少膳食盐的摄入有助于降低血压水平,因此探索居民减盐行为的影响因素对于居民自身的健康管理及减轻社会负担意义重大。目的基于PRECEDE模式,探索山东居民减盐行为的倾向因素、强化因素和促成因素,为后续减盐工作提供科学建议。方法运用混合研究方法,采用目的抽样法,先后于2016年和2018年采访居民共计114名,访谈提纲主要包含对控盐的态度、在控盐过程中遇到的困难以及获得的帮助等。定量数据来源于2016年山东省减盐防控高血压项目终末调查鲁东、鲁中南地区的问卷数据,从数据库中选取与高血压相关调查内容,共纳入研究样本6697份。结果多分类Logistic回归结果显示,在控制其他变量影响下,性别、职业、文化程度对减盐行为依从性有影响(P<0.05)。在控制个人一般情况的影响下,个人口味、减盐知识及对低盐饮食的态度对减盐行为依从性有影响(P<0.05)。医生的干预能强化居民减盐行为。通过医务人员的健康教育,不仅能增强高血压患者的减盐行为与意识,还能加强家人的督促,提升家人的减盐行为与意识,进而达到促进居民减盐的目的。家人在日常生活中的督促能强化居民控盐行为。山东省减盐行动制定了项目推进政策、餐饮业政策、食品业政策以及减盐健康教育政策,打造了浓厚的减盐大环境。低盐产品中对居民影响较大的是限盐勺,低盐食品及低钠盐的可及性相对较低影响了其控盐作用。大众媒体宣传是居民获得减盐信息的主要途径,目前作用较为明显的大众传播方式包括电视和在公共场所的宣传。结论对低盐饮食的态度及知识水平因素是影响居民减盐行为的倾向因素;医生的劝诫和家人的提醒能帮助居民开始减盐,也能强化居民减盐行为,属于强化因素;减盐相关政策、大众传播为居民减盐创造了社会氛围,减盐相关产品则提供了现实条件,属于促成因素。

PRECEDE护理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并支气管扩张病人中的应用效果

目的:探究PRECEDE护理模式在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并支气管扩张病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2021年5月在我院行COPD合并支气管扩张治疗的94例病人,按照两组病人基础资料具有匹配性的原则分为研究组和常规组,各47例。常规组行常规干预,研究组在常规组的基础上实施PRECEDE护理模式,两组均干预3个月。比较两组病人干预前后肺功能水平、症状严重程度、生活质量及知信行水平。结果:干预前,两组病人肺功能水平、症状严重程度及生活质量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,研究组病人肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量比值及最大呼气中段平均流速指标分别为(2.35±0.27)L、(2.23±0.22)L、(71.97±5.31)%、(1.63±0.24)%,均明显高于常规组(P<0.05),且其咳痰量、咳嗽及呼吸困难评分分别为(0.86±0.27)分、(1.13±0.36)分、(1.17±0.19)分,均明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组病人COPD生活质量调查问卷总分[(37.46±6.46)分]明显低于常规组[(50.17±7.03)分](P<0.05),其知信行水平评分明显高于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:对COPD合并支气管扩张病人实施PRECEDE护理模式,能够明显提高病人肺功能水平及知信行水平,同时对改善病人咳嗽、呼吸困难等症状及生活质量具有重要意义。

PRECEDE模式护理干预对老年慢阻肺急性加重期住院患者康复进程、并发症、睡眠质量和心理状态的影响

探讨PRECEDE模式护理在老年慢阻肺急性加重期(AECOPD)住院患者中的应用效果。方法 选取120例老年AECOPD患者分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组予常规护理,观察组予PRECEDE模式护理。比较应用效果。 结果 护理后,观察组咳嗽改善时间(4.58±0.94 vs 5.52±1.10 d)、咳痰改善时间(4.67±1.05 vs 5.87±1.1 3 d)、气促改善时间(3.83±0.86 vs 4.59±0.92 d)和住院时间(10.38±2.03 vs 12.34±2.31 d)少于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组(3.3% vs 15.0%),反映睡眠质量的PSQI评分低于对照组(7.84±1.50 vs 10.36±1.87分),反映心理状态的SAS评分(37.80±3.75 vs 45.61±4.09分)和SDS评分(35.42±3.53 vs 43.26±3.65分)低于对照组,呼吸功能锻炼意向评分(9.15±1.60 vs 7.54±1.36分)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 PRECEDE模式护理能促进老年AECOPD住院患者康复,减少并发症,改善睡眠质量和心理状态,并且能够提高呼吸功能锻炼意向。

Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

New roles of research data infrastructure in research paradigm evolution

Research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces,driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research paradigm.This opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure,drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data infrastructure.It emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication ecosystem.The four new missions of research data infrastructures are:(1)as a pioneer,to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex,cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem-and data-oriented insights;(2)as an architect,to establish a digital,intelligent,flexible research and knowledge services environment;(3)as a platform,to foster the high-end academic communication;(4)as a coordinator,to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

Brain Research on Mental Disorders: A Criticism

Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.

Global Scientific Trends in Research Related to Diabetic Sarcopenia from 1993 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis

Objectives: In this study, bibliometric approach was used to explore the literature in the field of research related to Diabetic Myasthenia Gravis in order to identify the current research progress in Diabetic Myasthenia Gravis related research and to help the researchers to predict the future hotspots in the field of research and to provide reference for the research. Methods: Literature related to diabetic sarcopenia published from 1993 to 2023 since the inception of the repository was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and bibliometric analyses were performed. We have analysed the published literature of the last approximately almost 30 years, as well as publication and citation analyses from different countries, institutions, journals and authors. For keywords, we performed co-occurrence, clustering, timeline view and citation burst analysis. Results: On the basis of 1564 publications, we found a continuous increase in the number of publications and citations, especially in the last six years. The United States is the most representative country, and Seoul National University (SNU) is the most representative institution. The most popular journal in the field is Diabetes Care;Fukui, Michiaki is the most prolific author, leading many studies related to diabetic sarcopenia. The most frequently cited reference was a revised European consensus on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia;the most cited keywords were related to physiological factors of diabetes, sarcopenia and related conditions, such as “insulin resistance”, “skeletal muscle”, “body composition”, “risk” and “prevalence”. Conclusion: With more and more studies on the relationship between diabetic sarcopenia, this study presents the current status and trend of research related to diabetic sarcopenia over the past nearly 30 years through the visualization software CiteSpace. It can help researchers identify potential collaborators and partner institutions, hotspots and research frontiers in the field of diabetic sarcopenia. However, our work is only based on the English language literature in the WoSCC database, and for future studies, we recommend that researchers explore the literature from multiple databases to enhance the scope of their research.

Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

Biobanks and biomarkers:Their current and future role in biomedical research

The importance and utility of biobanks has increased exponentially since their inception and creation.Initially used as part of translational research,they now contribute over 40%of data for all cancer research papers in the United States of America and play a crucial role in all aspects of healthcare.Multiple classification systems exist but a simplified approach is to either classify as population-based or disease-oriented entities.Whilst historically publicly funded institutions,there has been a significant increase in industry funded entities across the world which has changed the dynamic of biobanks offering new possibilities but also new challenges.Biobanks face legal questions over data sharing and intellectual property as well as ethical and sustainability questions particularly as the world attempts to move to a low-carbon economy.International collaboration is required to address some of these challenges but this in itself is fraught with complexity and difficulty.This review will examine the current utility of biobanks in the modern healthcare setting as well as the current and future challenges these vital institutions face.

Visual Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Building Brick Skin Research Based on Citespace

With the progress of the times and the leap of science and technology,the application of brick materials and the research on the brick skin in modern architectural design have shown a dual-track development trend of returning to tradition and innovation.Based on the core collection database resources of Web of Science and the CiteSpace visual analysis tool,this paper constructed and analyzed the spatio-temporal map of keyword co-occurrence network,cluster structure,mutation phenomenon,time course and regional distribution map of building brick skin research.The study revealed that in recent years,the research on brick materials has spanned the study of single material properties and extensively involved in the broad world of construction,especially in the integration of green energy-saving technology,the innovation of fine construction technology of brick skin,and the frontier exploration of digital technology in brick masonry,which has shown particularly significant research vitality and development potential.

Challenges and Suggestions of Ethical Review on Clinical Research Involving Brain-Computer Interfaces

Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.

Research progress on natural products against hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a prevalent and challenging malignancy globally,characterized by its numerous causal factors and generally unfavorable prognosis.In the relentless pursuit of effective treatment modalities,natural products have emerged as a promising and relatively non-toxic alternative,garnering significant interest.The integration of natural products with contemporary medical research has yielded encouraging therapeutic outcomes in the management of HCC.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the causal factors underlying HCC,and the diverse treatment options available,and highlights the advancements made by natural products in anti-HCC research.Particularly,we provide an outline of the various types of natural products,their corresponding nomenclature,target molecules,and mechanisms of action that exhibit anti-HCC activities.Natural products are anticipated to play a pivotal role in future comprehensive treatment plans for liver cancer,potentially offering patients improved survival rates and an enhanced quality of life.

Enhancing competency of clinical research nurses:A comprehensive training and evaluation framework

The Sun et al's training program for clinical research nurses(CRNs)in the World Journal of Clinical Cases is a comprehensive and scientific approach.It includes structured frameworks for CRN training,aiming to improve CRN competency.This program emphasizes practical abilities,updates training content,and improves evaluation methods.The cultivation of CRN talents focuses on enhancing the training system,establishing a multifaceted evaluation framework,and continuously refining the training programs.Regular feedback and evalua-tion are essential to improve CRNs'competency in practical settings.

Research Characteristics of Thermal Comfort of Urban Block Landscape Based on Knowledge Graph Analysis

The landscape environment of urban blocks plays a significant role in improving the comfort of urban thermal environment and promoting green and high-quality development.The 342 papers related to the research on the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort in China,collected by CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure)from 2002 to 2022,are used as the research object.Through bibliometric statistical analysis,LLR algorithm,and cluster analysis,the current research status of the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort in China is analyzed and processed,and its external characteristics are identified.Using the information visualization software CiteSpace,the research topics in the field of the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort are presented in the form of knowledge graphs.Through co-occurrence analysis of keywords and trend of word frequency changes,the development trends of research hotspots and cutting-edge fields of the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort are determined,hoping to provide reference for future research in this field.

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Contrast Agents for Clinical Research: Limitations and Alternatives

Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.

Research Progress of Measuring Tools for Patient Medication Compliance

This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.

Research Progress on Flexible Ureteroscopy

The ureteroscopic surgical technique has developed rapidly in recent years and has become an important method of urological surgery. The manufacturing and production of corresponding ureteroscopes are also constantly improving. This article systematically reviews and analyzes existing literature, summarizes the characteristics of various ureteroscopes in recent years, studies the advantages and disadvantages of ureteroscopes with different characteristics, summarizes relevant clinical experience in the use of ureteroscopes, and provides preliminary prospects for the future development of ureteroscopes. The results indicate that disposable electronic ureteroscopes and robotic ureteroscope systems may be an important development direction in the future.