An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron and Steel Industry

Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry(ISI),which contributes up to 15%to anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions(or carbon emissions)and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China,are challenged by the huge demand for steel.Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources,indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically.Here,we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction(CER)and pollution emission reduction(PER).We investigated five typical pollutants in this study,namely,petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,particulate matter,SO_(2),and NO_(x) in off gases,and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035.The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%-11.7%in carbon emissions and 20%-31%in pollution emissions(except for particulate matter emissions)could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio(SSR)scenario.Here,the SSR and electric arc furnace(EAF)ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER(which vary with the type of pollutant).However,subject to a limited volume of steel scrap,a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions.Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization,only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2%can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021.Therefore,the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.

Exploration of Market Mechanism on Controlling Air Pollution and Carbon Emissions in China

Based on increasingly grim situation of carbon emissions in China,air pollution control and carbon emission reduction are very important. Therefore,combining with China’s specific national conditions,we should explore the market mechanisms to control air pollution and reduce carbon emissions in China. The achievement of the carbon emission reduction purpose needs to establish the carbon trade market based on intensity emission reduction and suitable for China’s national conditions. By setting the cross-industry,cross-region and cross-time carbon trade scenarios in China,this paper tries to study the market mechanism of carbon intensity trade among industries and regions and based on carbon finance mechanism.

A hefty target of reducing the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions

At the end of January, China formally handed over the report on pollution reduction targets to the United Nations.

Energy-Exergy Analysis and Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission of an Aluminium Extrusion Plant in Nigeria

Energy security, cost of production and environmental constraints have necessitated the need for proper energy utilisation in the manufacturing industries. This work analysed energy and production data from an aluminium extrusion plant in Lagos, Nigeria for energy efficiency, exergy efficiency (or process?efficiency), energy cost per unit of production, CO2 emission and pollution?rate?index. The input-output energy analysis method was used to estimate the?embodied energy intensity. The pollution rate, energetic and exergetic efficiencies were estimated from the exergy analysis. The CO2 emission was estimated?from IPCC guideline on greenhouse inventories and the energy cost of unit?produce was estimated from energy cost accounting method. The five-year average thermal and electrical utilisation ratio was 45/55, which deviated from the 70:30 of the global best practices. The embodied energy intensity for the five years’ ranges between 2.31 - 162.3 GJ/t which is in excess of the recommended?range of (2.9 - 3.2 GJ/t). The mean energy efficiency for the five year was 79.4% and the mean exergetic efficiency was 57.8% indicating that production was well?managed (>50%) with energy wastages very high in boiler energy conversion. The total energy used was 16 MJ and CO2 emitted is 1.01 × 1011 g during the study period. The average pollution rate index for the plant was 0.8695 indicating that the plant is negatively impacting the environment due to technological limitation of the energy conversion process employed in the manufacturing plant. The study reveals a distortion of the recommended best practice in energy balance ratio which accounted for the high average cost of production (N 4418.3/t);process efficiency was generally low thereby negatively affecting industrial output for the company.

Potential and Efficiency of Agricultural Pollution Control in China and Its Influential Factors

Agricultural pollution has become the dominant source of water pollution in China and the carbon reduction in agricultural aspect is pressing.Based on list analysis method,the COD,TN and TP in agriculture in 28 provinces in China from 1995 to 2010 were evaluated and compared.By dint of directional distance function,the economics mechanism to reduce carbon emission was discussed.The reduction efficiency and potential of three kinds of pollutants were estimated.The regression indicates that the educational degree,income level and work play a crucial role in carbon emission.

“双碳”目标下绿色财政政策的碳生产率效应研究

在“双碳”目标下,提高城市碳生产率是政府制定绿色财政政策推动城市低碳发展的重要考量。以两部委开展的节能减排财政政策试点为准实验,使用多期双重差分(DID)模型和塔皮奥(Tapio)脱钩指数模型,考察绿色财政政策对城市低碳发展的影响。研究显示,绿色财政政策的实施有效提升了城市碳生产率,并推动了城市低碳发展。具体而言,实施该绿色财政政策能够通过优化城市产业结构和生产要素配置、改善城市创新环境、提高城市科技创新能力等提升城市碳生产率。同时,在非资源型、非工业型、环境信息公开和地方政府环保意识强的城市中,政策效应更显著。拓展研究发现,除铁岭市和铜川市外,其他试点城市在政策实施期间经济增长速率均高于碳排放增长速率,表现出明显的碳生产率提升趋势。绿色财政政策在推动城市减碳、促增长、提升碳生产率方面发挥着重要作用,城市低碳发展应以绿色财政为抓手制定因应之策,以实现经济发展和减污降碳双重目标。

Management Strategies and Their Evaluation for Carbon Sequestration in Cropland

In order to deal with the global change and to reduce emission of greenhouse gas, a number of countries have strengthened studies on carbon sequestration in cropland. Carbon sequestration in cropland is not only an important component for the global carbon stock, but also is the most active part to sequestrate the carbon in soil from atmosphere. In this sense, it is of necessity and significance to strengthen the study on management of carbon sequestration in cropland. Based on the main factors affecting carbon cycle in agro-ecosystems, this paper summarizes the relevant management measures to strengthen the capacity of reducing emission of carbon and increasing the carbon sequestration in cropland, and evaluates the effects of these measures after being implemented at a regional extent.

Kenya Airways Launches New Project to Reduce Carbon Emissions

Kenya Airways announced its new carbon offset project in May,aiming to have guests directly take part in a carbon emissions reduction plan for environmental protection.Titus Naikuni,Managing Director

中国钢铁工业生态化的实现路径

文章研究了“双碳”背景下钢铁工业生态化现状,分析了国内外低碳冶金技术路线,并提出了包含6个一级指标、30个二级指标的钢铁工业生态化指标体系。文章围绕全流程减碳减排、装备升级与工艺优化、产品研发三个方面,凝练了中国钢铁工业生态化的实现路径。

金属纤维表面燃烧器掺氢燃烧特性实验研究

双碳目标下,掺氢天然气作为一种低碳燃料,其在已有燃气设备上的适应性成为关注重点。该文在一台配有金属纤维燃烧器的350 kW燃气实验炉上进行掺氢燃烧实验,重点关注掺氢比(0%~30%)和负荷(25%~100%)变化对燃烧器运行性能和污染物排放的影响。结果表明,保证负荷和风机转速不变时,掺氢后炉膛燃烧的过量空气系数增加,NO_(x)、CO和CO_(2)同时降低;随着负荷的增加,金属纤维燃烧器更趋向于蓝焰模式,NO_(x)排放降低,CO排放增加。实验过程中,基本上所有工况(经过优化后)均可以满足NO_(x)和CO排放都低于30 mg/m^(3)。该文可为燃气锅炉掺氢燃烧工程实践提供一定的数据基础。

RP-3航空煤油简化机理在航空发动机燃烧室中的适用性评估

为获得适合工程应用的RP-3航空煤油简化机理以及数值计算方法,针对某航空发动机燃烧室模型进行相同工况下的试验与数值仿真,耦合五种不同替代燃料组分以及反应数数量级的RP-3航空煤油简化反应机理获得的计算结果与试验数据对比分析,比较燃烧室内及燃烧室出口温度场、组分浓度场以及CO,NO_(x)等污染物的排放分布,分析不同化学反应机理的预测结果之间差异产生的原因。结果表明:五种简化反应机理均可以较好地反映出温度场以及组分浓度场的整体分布,但在具体数值的预测方面有所差异;其中,五组分简化机理对出口平均温度以及CO排放的预测最为准确,出口平均温度误差为0.41%,CO排放的误差为36.69%;四组分简化机理对NO_(x)排放的预测最为准确,NO_(x)排放的误差为0.63%,出口温度分布与试验数据吻合最好,整体来看具有更好的工程应用价值;单组分简化机理的整体计算结果准确性最低;此外,替代燃料组分以及反应数数量级的差异并未对基于火焰面生成流形建表的计算效率产生较大影响。

基于GTWR模型的长江经济带城市群减污降碳及其影响因素分析

以长江经济带三大城市群71个城市为研究对象,使用耦合协调度模型测度2011—2020年三大城市群减污降碳协调度,使用时空地理加权回归(GTWR)模型探究各城市群减污降碳影响因素的时空异质性。结果表明,研究期内长江经济带三大城市群减污降碳协调度整体呈上升趋势,截至2020年,三大城市群减污降碳均达到协调状态,其协调度由高到低依次为成渝城市群、长江中游城市群、长三角城市群;影响因素回归结果显示,城镇化、科技创新和环境规制能够促进减污降碳协同,人口集聚、产业结构则会抑制减污降碳,而经济发展水平、对外开放在三大城市群间表现出明显的时空异质性。基于此,从经济发展、社会进步、科技创新以及政策规制层面提出差异化的减污降碳协同治理策略,助力各城市群乃至长江经济带减污降碳目标的实现。

分段进水SBR工艺处理高负荷城镇污水

该文以某SBR工艺的城镇污水处理厂为研究对象,探讨了分段进水的工艺优化及自控系统的升级改造。结果表明,采用分段进水能有效解决高负荷城镇污水中氨氮降解迟滞的问题,减污降碳效果显著。在全流程分析中,分段等量进水相比于正常进水,其含氮污染物减少了41.9%。在实际运行过程中,出水水质得到进一步改善,处理水量及出水稳定性显著提高,处理水量同比增加12.0%,总氮去除率由88.2%提升至91.3%,COD污染物削减量增加1 061 t,同比提高24.3%。此外,分段进水在节能方面表现出显著优势,综合电单耗为0.427 kW·h/m^(3),同比降低5.32%;生产药剂中的碳源单耗减少13.28%,除磷药剂单耗降低8.97%。

碳减排约束和氢能的城市能源污染控制研究

针对城市能源污染控制问题,在碳减排约束的框架下,探讨氢能作为清洁能源替代方案的应用潜力。构建城市化石燃料能源污染的评估指标体系,获取并分析城市不同化石能源结构的使用比例。基于碳减排目标,建立城市污染控制模型,重点计算氢能替代传统化石能源的最佳比重,以有效控制城市能源污染。结果表明:化石能源消耗与排放具有季节性特征,供暖期煤炭污染显著,天然气夏冬季用量增加。除PM 10外,其他污染物排放量高,尤其CO_(2)。所提方法显著降低污染物排放,如PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、CO_(2)月均排放量分别为3.5吨、2.4吨、4.2吨,为城市能源清洁化提供了科学依据。

Research on the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Model in Colleges and Universities:Taking China University of Geosciences(Beijing)as an Example

The“3060”goal demonstrates China’s responsibility in actively responding to global climate,enhances China’s voice and influence in climate governance,and sets an example of energy conservation and emission reduction for developing countries.As the main institutions that educate people for the Party and the country,colleges and universities have the responsibility to explore the realization path of carbon peak and carbon neutralization against the new problems encountered in the practice of energy conservation and emission reduction in colleges and universities.In response to the national strategy and the action plan of the Ministry of Education,taking the carbon practice of China University of Geosciences(Beijing)as the starting point,this paper conducts benchmarking research on the path of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in universities through the ecological factor method,campus carbon footprint,and questionnaire analysis.

长三角工业减污降碳时空演变及其影响因素研究

工业领域是我国推行减污降碳协同增效的重点领域,探究工业领域减污降碳的时空特征及影响因素,对实现减污降碳协同增效总目标具有重要现实意义.本文以长三角地区41个设区市为研究对象,综合运用耦合协调度模型、空间自相关、时空地理加权回归、地理探测器等方法,对2010−2020年长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应的时空演变特征及影响因素展开分析,因地制宜地提出工业减污降碳协同推进建议.结果表明:①2010−2020年,长三角地区41个设区市的工业大气污染物排放量平均值大幅下降,工业二氧化碳排放量缓慢增长,长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应总体处于上升优化态势,工业减污降碳协同效应等级由失调衰退类提至过渡发展类.②2010−2020年,长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应在空间格局上呈中部高、南北低以及东部高、西部低的分布格局,时空变动上工业减污降碳协同效应高值范围由上海、苏州等长江入海口地区向西转移至南京、无锡、苏州等长江下游地区,其空间集聚特征呈现出集聚−离散−集聚的变化趋势.③规模以上工业总产值、规模以上工业增加值占GDP比重、人均GDP、城镇化率等是影响长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应的主要因素,对大部分区域产生显著的正向影响,其影响程度存在时空异质性,双因子交叉具有显著的增强作用.研究显示,长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应存在显著的优化趋势和空间差异,受产业规模结构影响较大,亟需从统筹优化减污降碳协同目标、加强重点区域协同控制、加快工业行业绿色发展等方面协同推进.

减污降碳协同效应的生成逻辑、内涵阐释与实现方略

实现减污降碳协同效应是实现“双碳”目标愿景、推进美丽中国建设的重要内容。立足理论逻辑和历史逻辑,深刻阐明减污降碳协同效应的生成逻辑;基于经济高质量发展与生态环境治理要求,系统阐释减污降碳协同效应的深刻内涵;围绕协同推进减污降碳的现实挑战,对减污降碳协同效应的实现方略进行探讨。研究发现:对环境污染物和碳排放同根同源同过程特性的系统性认识、中国环境污染治理工作与应对气候变化行动的开展为减污降碳协同效应创造了坚实的实现基础。减污降碳协同效应源自协同学理论与国际绿色低碳发展实践的结合,其核心在于推进经济社会发展绿色转型,以兼顾实现经济高质量发展与解决生态环境治理问题,增加经济增长绿色动能,全面提高生态环境治理综合效益。面向全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程,须切实健全减污降碳协同治理制度、培育拓展生态环境市场、推动减污降碳科技协同创新,建设减污降碳协同治理体系,推动实现减污降碳协同效应。

“双碳”背景下主产区粮食生产减污降碳综合效益评价

基于2002—2021年中国13个粮食主产区的面板数据,采用熵权TOPSIS法、障碍因子诊断模型与Dagum基尼系数,实证分析主产区粮食生产减污降碳综合效益及其时空演化。结果表明:2002—2021年粮食主产区综合效益指数由0.388提高至0.878,整体为上升态势;主产区综合效益水平呈现“东高西低”的空间分布特征;核心障碍因素存在由粮食产出效率与粮食产出水平向粮食生产投入集约化水平与粮食生产碳排放强度集中的转变过程;总体差异水平未出现进一步缓解的趋势,空间差异主要来源于区域间差异,样本期贡献率均值为56.89%,东西部间差异最大,东部、中部地区区域内的基尼系数水平也存在上升趋势,说明缓解区域内差异同样不容忽视。据此,建议切实提高资源投入集约化程度,统筹协调各区域综合效益均衡发展,建立绿色粮食生产体系,强化绿色低碳收益,进而实现农业高质量发展。

我国化工园区减污降碳技术路径研究

化学工业是推动制造强国战略实施的重要支撑,化工园区是新型工业化的关键载体,开展化工园区减污降碳技术应用研究具有重要的现实意义。本文针对化工园区减污降碳面临的资源利用率低、减污和降碳协同性差、末端治污成本高、环境安全与风险突出等挑战,分析了化工园区碳和污染物产生的特点并梳理相关研究进展,剖析了减污降碳协同增效的内涵。在此基础上,建立了基于一般性工业过程的分析框架,以物质、能量代谢过程为纽带,从企业生产、基础设施、产业共生等层面演绎提出了化工园区减污降碳的技术路径:建立化工园区内企业的碳、污染物排放清单;集成优化化工园区的技术与产业结构,加强绿色低碳生产技术开发、基础设施升级共生、企业间合作、减污降碳与安全生产统筹、产品‒产业‒空间结构优化;开展全生命周期减污降碳成本效益评估。选取杭州湾上虞经济技术开发区为典型案例,总结了化工园区减污降碳技术路径的应用实践,进而提出了化工园区减污降碳实施路径建议:完善精细计量体系,加强化工园区物质流管理;强化化工园区共生链接,运用系统工程赋能减污降碳;激发系统效率变革,推动化工园区绿色高质量发展。

Research on Heating Clay by Low Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas

This article did a research about exhaust gas constituent inside the catalytic combustion furnace with Pd-based honeycomb monoliths of lean natural gas-air mixtures and discussed the feature of the exhaust gas. In addition, the near-zero pollutant emissions of catalytic combustion burner was proved by a test report provided by NIM. From a low-carbon prospective, the application prospect of catalytic combustion furnace was