“Focusing on Treating the Spirit(神)”in Acupuncture and Moxibustion:The Dialectical Unity of Regulating the Body and the Spirit

“Focusing on treating the spirit(神)”is an important principle in acupuncture and moxibustion.It is a unique psychosomatic therapy involving the doctor and the patient,which includes regulating the spirit and the body.Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to it.Focusing on treating the spirit is also a component of the standards of medical ethics.Only when doctors have noble medical ethics can they achieve clinical treatment of the mind and give full play to their skills to cure diseases.Focusing on treating the spirit runs through the entire clinical process of acupuncture and moxibustion.Before the treatment,it is necessary to focus on the spirit to distinguish the spirit and qi.During the treatment,attention should be paid to the mind to regulate the spirit and qi.It is the premise of clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion and the key to the curative effect.Focusing on treating the spirit is also in the realm of doctor-patient double treatment,which requires doctor-patient communication before treatment and the preservation of the body and spirit after treatment.Therefore,concentration of the mind is the key to acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.

A Meta-analysis of the spirit turtle eight method Acupuncture Therapy for Insomnia

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the spirit turtle eight method acupuncture therapy in the treatment of insomnia,to better serve the clinic and provide reference ideas for the treatment of insomnia.Methods:Search CNKI,CBM,Wanfang,Weipu,China Clinical Trial Registry databases on the use of the spirit turtle eight method compared with others interventions to treat insomnia.The search period is from the library until August 1,2021,two researchers will conduct independent quality evaluation and effect size extraction on the literature,and use STATA16.0 and Review5.3 to conduct Meta analysis and quality evaluation on the literature.Through screening,a total of 18 eligible documents participated in the meta-analysis,with a total of 1583 cases.Results:①The effective rate of the spirit turtle eight method in the treatment of insomnia is higher than the control group[RR=1.213,95%CI(1.155,1.274),Z=7.71,P<0.01];②The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score is lower than other acupuncture treatments[WMD=-2.33,95%CI(-2.75,-1.91),Z=10.97,P<0.01];③The one-month follow-up PSQI score after the treatment of insomnia by the spirit turtle eight method is lower than the control group[WMD=-3.263,95%CI(-3.446,-3.080),Z=34.96,P<0.01];④No studies have reported serious adverse reactions in the treatment group and control group.Conclusion:Based on the current research,the spirit turtle eight method are better than the control group in the treatment of insomnia,and are suitable for clinical application.However,more high-quality clinical studies are still needed to prove its efficacy.

On the Treatment of Insomnia with Fang’s Scalp Acupuncture Based on the Therapy of “Regulating Mental Activities and Smoothing the Liver”

As a common clinical disease,insomnia was usually treated with anti-psychotic or sedativehypnotic drugs in Western medicine,which showed a fast efficacy,as well as easy drug tolerance and side effects.In traditional Chinese medicine,the basic and key pathogenesis of insomnia are believed to be“the restlessness of the mind”,as well as“the absence of the mind”;and the treatment mainly focus on“regulating mental activities and smoothing the liver”.By combining the theoretical basis and characteristics of Fang’s scalp acupuncture,this paper aims to explain the advantages of Fang’s scalp acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia,and provide new ideas and methods for its clinical treatment.

Long-term acupuncture treatment has a multitargeting regulation on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease：a positron emission tomography study

The acute effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer＇s disease,i.e.,on brain activation during treatment,has been reported.However,the effect of long-term acupuncture on brain activation in Alzheimer＇s disease is unclear.Therefore,in this study,we performed long-term needling at Zusanli（ST36）or a sham point（1.5 mm lateral to ST36）in a rat Alzheimer＇s disease model,for 30 minutes,once per day,for 30 days.The rats underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning.Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM2.The brain areas activated after needling at ST36 included the left hippocampus,the left orbital cortex,the left infralimbic cortex,the left olfactory cortex,the left cerebellum and the left pons.In the sham-point group,the activated regions were similar to those in the ST36 group.However,the ST36 group showed greater activation in the cerebellum and pons than the sham-point group.These findings suggest that long-term acupuncture treatment has targeted regulatory effects on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

Influence of Ren and Du meridian electro-acupuncture on neural stem cell proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia injury

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that electro-acupuncture at the Ren meridian could improve proliferation of subventricular zone neural stem cells in cerebral-ischemic rats. However, there are few reports on the influence of electro-acupuncture at the Du meridian on neural stem cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of electro-acupuncture at Ren and Du meridians on neural stem cell proliferation in the subventricular zone and altered signal transduction in cerebral ischemia rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2006 to February 2008. MATERIALS： Mouse anti-rat bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） monoclonal antibody was provided by Sigma, USA; mouse anti-rat nestin monoclonal antibody and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase （ERK） specific inhibitor PD98059 were provided by Calbiochem, Germany; acupuncture needle was provided by Suzhou Acupuncture Supplies, China. METHODS： A total of 126 rats were randomly assigned to four groups： model （n = 36）, Du meridian （n = 36）, Ren/Du meridian （n = 36）, and Ren/Du meridian ＋ PD98059 （n = 18）. Rats in the Ren/Du meridian ＋ PD98059 group were observed on days 7 （n = 6） and 14 （n = 12） after cerebral ischemia injury. Rats in the model, Du meridian, and Ren/Du meridian groups were observed on days 7, 14, and 28 after cerebral ischemia injury, with 12 rats per group at each time point. Thread occlusion was used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion models. Electro-acupuncture was performed at Renzhong （DU 26） and Baihui （DU 20） acupoints in the Du meridian group, as well as Chengjiang （RN 24）, Guanyuan （RN 4）, Renzhong, and Baihuiacupoints in the Ren/Du meridian and Ren/Du meridian ＋ PD98059 groups 2 days after model establishment. In addition, electro-acupuncture stimulation with disperse-dense waves was performed, with 30 Hz disperse wave, 100 Hz dense wave, and 5 V intensity for 20 minutes. Rats in the Ren/Du meridian ＋ PD98059 group were treated with 0.2 pg PD98059 injection into the subventricular zone, 2 pL per rat. Rats in the model group were not treated with electro-acupuncture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： BrdU/nestin immunofluorescent staining was used to detect proliferating neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of cerebral ischemia rats; Western blot was used to determine phosphorylated ERK1 and 2 （pERK1/2） expression in the subventricular zone. RESULTS： On days 14 and 28 after cerebral ischemia, there were significantly more BrdU-positive and BrdU/nestin-positive cells in the Ren/Du meridian group compared with the Du meridian group （P 〈 0.05）. PD98059 decreased the number of BrdU-positive and BrdU/nestin-positive cells induced by electro-acupuncture at the/：ten and Du meridians （P 〈 0.05）. On days 7, 14, and 28 after treatment, pERK1/2 expression was significantly greater in the Du meridian and Ren/Du meridian groups compared with the model group （P 〈 0.05）. The promoting effect of electro-acupuncture at Ren and Du meridians on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was superior to electro-acupuncture at the Du meridian alone on day 14 after model induction （P 〈 0.05）. However, PD98059 completely abolished the promoting effect of electro-acupuncture at Ren/Du meridians on pERK1/2 expression （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Electro-acupuncture at Ren and Du meridians increased proliferation of subventricular zone neural stem cells, which was related to activation of the ERK pathway in a rat model of cerebral ischemia injury.

TWO-STEP REGULATION METHOD OF ACUPUNCTURE IN THE TREATMENT OF INTRACTABLE FACIAL PARALYSIS OBSERVATION ON 96 CASES

Two step regulating acupuncture therapy was employed in the treatment of 96patients with intractable facial paralysis and the therapeutic effects of the method is compared withthat in 40 patients in control.In the first step,strong regulating acupuncture was applied at Meixin(EXtra),upper Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and Xiaguan (ST 7) points in the affected face.In the secondstep,weak regulating acupuncture was used at Dicang (ST 4) and Sibai (ST 2) points in the healthface.It was revealed that among the 96 patients,37 cases (38. 5%) were cured,57 cases (59. 4%)markedly improved,2 cases (2.1%) improved with a total effective rate of 100%.The effective ratewas statistically different (P【0. 005) from that in the control.The results indicate that the method issuperior to the ordinary manipulation in treating intractable facial paralysis.

SYMPATHETIC REGULATION AND ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA IN ARTHRITIC RATS

In the present study,6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA),a peripheral adrenergicdepleting agent,was used to investigate the role of sympathetic activity in nociception and pain modu-lation,which was reported with some contradictory.Acute arthritis were induced by an injection ofFruend’s adjuvant in thirty-two rats.They were divided into three groups.Natural recovery fromarthritis(redness,swelling,on-going pain and hyperalgesia)was delayed by pretreatment with an in-jection of 6-OHDA,and acupuncture at Huantiao and Shensu points could accelerate its recovery.It issuggested that sympathetic regulatory system might play an important role in natural normalizationaction and in the acupuncture-induced regulation effects.

Bidirectional Benign Regulation of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Stroke

Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy originated in China.In recent years,acupuncture is widely used in the field of neurological diseases,especially in the acute stage of stroke.Its mechanism of action is becoming clearer;one of the possible mechanisms is its bidirectional benign regulation.

PROPHYLACTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON SIMPLE OBESITY COMPLICATED BY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

In order to understand the prophylactic-therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion insimple obesity complicated by cardiovascular diseases,we have observed in 102 cases the changesof pathogenetic and hazardous factors and the regulating function of vegetative nerves oncardiovascular activities.The results showed that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture andmoxibustion was good with a total effective rate of 88.24%.At the same time,acupuncture andmoxibustion were found to have a benign conversion effect on the loin hip ratio(the pathogeneticfactor),the arteriosclerotic index(the hazardous factor),and the vegetative nerve function ofregulating the heart and blood vessels(the equilibrium indices of the vegetative nervous system).All this suggests that acupuncture is a treatment of choice for obesity and an important methodof preventing and treating complicating cardiovascular diseases.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 26 CASES OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA

In the present paper, 26 cases of primary dysmenorrhea were treated with acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Results showed that after only two sessions of treatment, 16 cases were cured, 8 improved and 2 ineffective, with an effective rate of 92%.

HOW TO TREAT SIMULTANEOUS OCCURRENCE OF COLD AND HEAT SYNDROMES WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION?

By simultaneous occurrences of cold and heat syndromes we mean the presence of cold-syndrome and heat-syndrome in the body of a same person such as heat-syndrome in the upper part with cold-syndrome in the lower part of the body or vice versa. In our acupuncture treatment, heat-clearing method and warming method are usually used

EXPLICATION OF CLINICAL EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURER BY ADAPTING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND IMAGE-TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS: FOCUSING ON THE RELATIONSHIP WITH STRESS-RELATED DISEASES

Effects of acupuncture on the brain function of 80 healthy adults and patientswere analyzed using EEG topography and possitron CT (PET). Though changes in EEG topogramcaused by acupuncture stimulation were seen all over the cortex, they were prominent in the area fromthe frontal lobe to the parietal lobe. Positron CT image revealed that acupuncture stimulation tem-porarily activated from the paleocoretx to the neocortex, affecting wide range of the cranial nerve cellsincluding A10 nerve. These results suggest that comfortable stimulations by acupuncture have sucheffects as to remove the friction between the neocortex and the paleocortex, regulate the autonomicnervous system, and activate the Healer (the healing force of nature) at the brain stem level includingthe hypothalamus.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ACUPUNCTURE ANTI-HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK

The effect of acupuncture at Neiguan(P 6)on regulating hemorrhagic shock in 90 rabbitswas observed.All the results suggested that acupuncture at Neiguan could raise blood pres-sure,protect cardiac pump function,correct the disturbance of secretion and metabolism ofhumoral factors,reduce blood adhesion to normal level and thus achieve anti-hemorrhagicshock.This study has provided scientific basis for expounding the mechanism of acupuncturein anti-shock.

THE OUTLINES OF THE PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL ACUPUNCTURE MOXIBUSTION PROFESSIONALS(CONTINUED)

Chinese International ExaminationCenter for Acupuncture & MoxibustionⅢ International Professional Acupuncturists Proficiency Examination (On Probation)The Test Outline for Physiology1.Introduction1.1 Basic characteristics of life:metabolism,excitability and adaptability1.2 Internal environment and homeostasis1.3 Basic ways to regulate functional activity in human body:neuroregulation,humoral regulation and autoregulation1.4 Mechanism of automatic control of functional activity in human body:positive

The effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic asthma rats

Objective:In order to explore the neuroendocrine regulation mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of allergic asthma and to provide theoretical basis for the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on regulating mind.Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:blank group,model group,sham-acupuncture group,acupuncture group and moxibustion group.Ovalbumin(OVA)was used to sensitise the rats.Except the blank group,the other groups were established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(OVA)and atomization excitation.The blank group was injected intraperitoneally and atomized with normal saline instead of OVA.After successful modeling,the rats in blank and the model group have no any treatment;In the sham acupuncture group,non-acupoint tissues were selected for acupuncture treatment every day;Acupuncture group and moxibustion group were treated with acupuncture or moxibustion at selected acupoints.At the end of the experiment,blood samples were collected to determine corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH).Results:After being sensitised by OVA,the symptoms scores of rats were significantly increased.After treatment,the symptoms of each treatment group were significantly reduced.Compared with model group,the CRH in acupuncture and moxibustion groups were significantly reduced(All P<0.01).Compared with the sham acupuncture group,the CRH in acupuncture group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion:As a kind of stimulation,acupuncture and moxibustion can regulate the content of CRH in the body by nerve endocrine system.The effect of"regulating mind"of acupuncture and moxibustion plays an important role in the treatment of allergic asthma.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY

In the present paper, the authors review some major effects of acupuncture in the treatment of clinical diseases and sum up some results of experimental researches on the mechanisms of acupuncture. Up to now, clinical practice and experimental researches demonstrate that acupuncture possesses good analgesic effect, integrative regulation effect on the functional activities of the body and defense-immune-potentiation effect.

2.3.Acupuncture

920218 On the structure and functions ofQi-Jie(the pathway of Qi).ZHAO Liru (赵力茹),Dept Acupunct and Moxibust,BeijingOrthopedics and Traumatology,Coll 100015.Chin Acupunct and Mosibust 1991;11(5):239-241.Oi-Jie is the way along which the Oi

Doctor Song Fuyin's Experience in Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Based on Qi,Blood Essence and Spirit Syndrome Differentiation Stage Classification

The paper systematically summarizes the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis which is a typical emotional disease that causes obvious changes in organ morphology and endocrine and body fluid metabolism.It belongs to the category of psychosomatic diseases,and is the embodiment of a series of pathogenesis processes of qi disease,blood disease,essence disease and deformation in TCM theory.The whole course of the disease is dominated by the dialectical relationship of mutual influence,mutual control,mutual root and mutual use among the deity disease,qi disease,blood disease,essence and spiritual disease.Therefore,the treatment emphasizes the dialectical relationship based on qi,blood,essence and spirit.At the beginning,the treatment focuses on regulating qi and clearing heat and eliminating phlegm;at the middle stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing essence and promoting yang and eliminating wind and calming the deity;at the late stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing qi and eliminating phlegm and promoting collages.Flexible use of calming the spirits,regulating qi,dispersing essence,eliminating phlegm,promoting blood and other methods of stage classification treatment,can be targeted,improve the cure rate of the disease.This article aims to clarify the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on syndrome differentiation of qi,blood essence and spirit.

基于Trx1/TXNIP通路探讨通督调神针法改善缺血再灌注大鼠海马凋亡机制研究

目的探讨通督调神针法激活脑缺血再灌注大鼠Trx1,抑制海马凋亡作用机制研究。方法取雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为空白组,假手术组,模型组及电针组,每组10只。模型组采用Zea-Longa线栓法制备缺血性脑卒中模型,待缺血2 h后,退出线栓进行再灌注。假手术组大鼠仅分离颈总动脉后2 h缝合即可,采用神经功能行为学评分判断大鼠是否成模。成模后电针组选取百会、大椎进行治疗,疗程7 d。治疗结束后收集大脑,TTC染色计算脑梗死面积,qPCR检测大鼠Trx1、TXNIP、Caspase3、Bcl2、Bax基因表达,Elisa检测大鼠海马组织ROS表达,Tunel染色检测大鼠海马组织凋亡情况。结果与假手术组相比较,模型组的脑梗死面积及神经功能行为学评分显著增加(P<0.05);qPCR结果显示,Trx1、Bcl2 mRNA表达显著降低,TXNIP、Caspase3、Bax mRNA表达显著增高(P<0.05);ROS含量显著增高(P<0.05),海马组织凋亡程度显著增加。通督调神针法可以显著降低大鼠神经功能行为学评分、大脑梗死面积及海马凋亡程度,增加Trx1、Bcl2 mRNA表达,降低TXNIP、Caspase3、Bax mRNA表达,降低ROS含量。结论通督调神针法可能通过激活Trx1,抑制TXNIP诱导的凋亡反应,从而发挥缺血再灌注损伤之后大脑保护作用。

苏筋通络方结合“行气活血”针刺法治疗急性踝关节扭伤临床观察

目的观察苏筋通络方结合“行气活血”针刺法治疗急性踝关节扭伤临床效果。方法将医院创伤骨科门急诊就诊的102例急性踝关节扭伤患者(2020年5月—2022年7月)纳入研究,以随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组51例,对照组采取西医常规治疗,观察组采取西医常规治疗同时结合苏筋通络方及“行气活血”针刺法治疗。数据比较:临床治疗效果、中医症状(踝关节疼痛肿胀、皮下瘀斑、关节活动受限等)积分变化、踝关节跖屈活动度与背伸活动度变化、视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)变化、美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足评分变化、血清疼痛物质(神经生长因子、神经肽、P物质)水平变化、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)变化。结果观察组患者与对照组患者治疗总有效率相比[98.04%(50/51)vs86.27%(44/51)],P<0.05;治疗后各组患者中医症状(踝关节疼痛肿胀、皮下瘀斑、关节活动受限等)积分、踝关节跖屈活动度与背伸活动度、VAS评分、AOFAS踝-后足评分、神经生长因子、神经肽、P物质、IL-6、IL-1β、hs-CRP等指标均改善,观察组患者治疗后中医症状(踝关节疼痛肿胀、皮下瘀斑、关节活动受限等)积分、踝关节跖屈活动度与背伸活动度、VAS评分、AOFAS踝-后足评分、神经生长因子、神经肽、P物质、IL-6、IL-1β、hs-CRP等指标均明显优于对照组患者,P均<0.05。结论苏筋通络方结合“行气活血”针刺法治疗急性踝关节扭伤临床效果显著,患者经治疗后临床症状显著改善,疼痛缓解,踝关节功能改善,值得应用。