基于ROAD的租车订购系统业务流程建模

基于业务架构为中心的企业架构开发思路,采用开放组架构框架(TOGAF)业务架构ACF元模型的划分,提出了一种ROAD架构迭代建模方法。针对目前ROAD元架构中业务活动模型采用IDEF0的活动模型导致的面向场景业务能力的不足,文中通过使用BPMN模型来覆盖IDEF0的活动建模,避免在描述复杂的业务过程时可能存在的局限性,并且更好地捕捉和表示所有的细节和关系,不会使得模型过于抽象。从而实现面向场景的系统建模和管理,提高业务架构设计的效率和精度。最后,文章中以旅游出行租车订购系统为例的方法,采用ROAD元架构方法建立场景化业务架构模型组,并对其进行讨论和改进,为现有架构体系提供一种面向场景的扩展思路。

Toxicity Evaluation of Different Exposure Scenarios of Road Dust Using Daphnia magna and Artemia salina as Aquatic Organisms, and Prosopis cineraria and Vachellia tortilis as Native Plant Species

Particulate matter (PM10) deposited as road dust is considered an important source of contamination from atmosphere. However, there are limited studies on the toxicity of road dust as such on different organisms. This study evaluates the toxicity of road dust using different extraction scenarios on Daphnia magna and Artemia salina as aquatic organisms and also on Prosopis cineraria and Vachellia tortilis as local plant species. Chemical analysis of different extracts shows considerable amount of trace metals, however the trace metals in the dust extract associated with suspended sediment were not absorbed by the receptors. On the other hand, the concentration of trace metals in the artificial mixture was found bioavailable and absorbed causing a high percentage of mortality. In the plant assay, significant difference was obtained in the germination percentage between the control and three different extraction exposures in both plant species. The mean root length of P. cineraria and V. tortilis were higher in 20% and 50% extracts than the control probably due to the availability of nutrients from the dust extract. Interestingly however, the seedling vigor index was the opposite with higher index in the control and lower in dust extracts that contain heavy metals.

Exploring the Factors Associated with 12-Month Non-Return to Work among Motorcyclists Involved in Road Accidents

Introduction: Motorcyclists bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality from road accidents. In addition, the consequences of these accidents affect the ability of victims to return to work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with non-return to work among surviving motorcyclists involved in road accidents 12 months after the event. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted using data from a cohort of motorcyclists involved in accidents and recruited in five hospitals in Benin from July 2019 to January 2020. The dependent variable was non-return to work 12 months after the accident (yes vs no). The independent variables were categorized into two groups: baseline and 12-month follow-up variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with non-return to work at 12 months among the participants. Results: Among the 362 participants, 55 (15.19%, 95% CI = 11.84 - 19.29) had not returned to work 12 months after the accident. Risk factors for non-return to work identified were: smoking (aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.44 - 13.56, p = 0.010), hospitalization (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.14 - 7.24, p Conclusion: The prevalence of non-return to work at 12 months was high among surviving motorcyclists involved in road accidents in Benin. Integrated support for patients based on identified risk factors should effectively improve their return to work.

The Value of Rural Access Roads: The Case Study of Chepyuk and Mitira Wards in Bungoma and Kirinyaga Counties

In this paper we assess the impact of road network on rural regions development using a case study of Chepyuk and Mitira wards. The two case study areas were selected owing to their comparable agro ecological conditions but different political orientation. The wards have identical agro economic activities due to their similarity in climatic and ecological conditions. Household incomes earned from agricultural enterprises and bid rent per unit area of land are used as indicators of development. The condition of road network is used as an indicator of accessing the rural regions in various seasons of the year. The study provides evidence of the economic advantages associated with better market access, primarily due to the good road infrastructure in Mitira compared to Chepyuk. The good road condition is advantageous to Mitira ward residents allowing them to access other markets hence improving the farm gate value of their products. On the other hand, the prices for Chepyuk products are cheap due to constrained market access necessitated by the poor road condition. For instance, the average price of a liter of milk in Chepyuk ward is Kshs.36.65 compared to Mitira where it goes at Kh.55.08. It therefore implies in Chepyuk milk has to be sold at lower price since access to alternative markets is constrained by poor road condition. The disparity in the road network quality has been occasioned by investment policy by both colonial and consecutive post-independence governments which have given preference to the region where Mitira region is located. This is against the constitutional requirement which proposes an equalization fund for infrastructure development to regions lagging behind in terms of development.

Efficient Vision Transformers for Autonomous Off-Road Perception Systems

The development of autonomous vehicles has become one of the greatest research endeavors in recent years. These vehicles rely on many complex systems working in tandem to make decisions. For practical use and safety reasons, these systems must not only be accurate, but also quickly detect changes in the surrounding environment. In autonomous vehicle research, the environment perception system is one of the key components of development. Environment perception systems allow the vehicle to understand its surroundings. This is done by using cameras, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), with other sensor systems and modalities. Deep learning computer vision algorithms have been shown to be the strongest tool for translating camera data into accurate and safe traversability decisions regarding the environment surrounding a vehicle. In order for a vehicle to safely traverse an area in real time, these computer vision algorithms must be accurate and have low latency. While much research has studied autonomous driving for traversing well-structured urban environments, limited research exists evaluating perception system improvements in off-road settings. This research aims to investigate the adaptability of several existing deep-learning architectures for semantic segmentation in off-road environments. Previous studies of two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures are included for comparison with new evaluation of Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures for semantic segmentation. Our results demonstrate viability of ViT architectures for off-road perception systems, having a strong segmentation accuracy, lower inference speed and memory footprint compared to previous results with CNN architectures.

Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and Cervicofacial Injuries Resulting from Road Accidents within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) Department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) and cervicofacial traumas encompass injuries affecting the neck, face, and ORL region, resulting from external influence. The objective of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and clinical analysis of ORL and cervicofacial injuries observed in victims of road accidents treated at the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. Materials and Methods: This prospective and descriptive study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from January 1st to December 31st, 2021, within the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the Regional Hospital of Mamou. It included patients hospitalized for ORL and/or cervicofacial traumas resulting from road accidents during the study period. Results: A total of 348 cases were included, representing 36.22% of all traumas related to road accidents (AVP) within the Regional Hospital of Mamou. The average age of the patients was 26.44 years, with a sex ratio of 3.83, favoring males. The dominant socio-professional category was students, encompassing 32.47% of cases. Road accidents were mainly associated with motorcycle use (31.32% motorcycle-to-motorcycle, 24.43% motorcycle skidding, 13.51% motorcycle-pedestrian). Facial region injuries were the most common, accounting for 69.03% of cases, followed by rhinological injuries (17.28%) and otological injuries (13.69%). Associated injuries were predominantly closed head traumas (52.55%) and lower limb fractures (20.41%). Imaging was underutilized. Regarding surgical interventions, reconstructive surgery was the most predominant, accounting for 52.51% of cases, with a management timeframe of 30 minutes to 12 hours for 99.72% of patients. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents remain a serious public health issue, primarily affecting young males. Emphasis should be placed on road safety measures to reduce the frequency of these accidents.

基于ROADS的面向场景业务架构建模方法

ROAD元架构通过业务架构指导整个企业架构体系开发过程,是一组简单明确且高效的模型表达。针对已有的元架构体系中业务活动模型所采用的IDEF0图存在对多组件系统之间丰富的活动触发序列和信息交互场景描述能力不足的问题,提出在ROAD元架构基础上引入场景模型,与原来基于IDEF0的活动模型融合成为面向场景的活动模型,同时具备层次化描述能力和场景化时序表达能力。扩展后的ROADS元架构保留原架构的整体性和灵活性,且补充面向场景的系统建模能力,实现业务架构设计中的场景管理。最后以一个情景化外语教学系统为例,使用ROADS元架构方法建立场景化业务架构模型组,并对其进行讨论,为现有架构体系提供一种面向场景的扩展思路。

基于ROAD元架构的业务层架构可执行建模方法

本文基于ROAD元架构静态模型在仿真和模拟上的需求,在保留全部必要信息的前提下,以IDEF1x数据模型作为转化起点,对可执行CPN模型进行语义映射探索。以业务数据模型中的实体及其间关系为主体,业务组织模型、业务活动模型和业务规则模型作为补充,确定仿真对象范围,并提出TOGAF业务层架构到可执行CPN模型的转化六规则,借此实现TOGAF业务架构层的可执行仿真。

图像引导和点云空间约束的公路洒落物检测定位方法

公路洒落物是影响交通安全的重要因素之一,为了解决中小尺度公路洒落物检测中的漏检、误检以及难以定位等问题,本文提出了一种图像引导和点云空间约束的公路洒落物检测定位方法。该方法使用改进的YOLOv7-OD网络处理图像数据获取二维目标预测框信息,将目标预测框投影到激光雷达坐标系下得到锥形感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)。在ROI区域内的点云空间约束下,联合点云聚类和点云生成算法获得不同尺度的洒落物在三维空间中的检测定位结果。实验表明:改进的YOLOv7-OD网络在中尺度目标上的召回率和平均精度分别为85.4%和82.0%,相比YOLOv7网络分别提升6.6和8.0个百分点;在小尺度目标上的召回率和平均精度分别为66.8%和57.3%,均提升5.3个百分点;洒落物定位方面,对于距离检测车辆30~40 m处的目标,深度定位误差为0.19 m,角度定位误差为0.082°,实现了多尺度公路洒落物的检测和定位。

环境产品贸易网络的结构特征及演进机制——基于共建“一带一路”国家的实证

加强环境产品贸易合作是推进区域绿色发展的重要途径。该研究基于社会网络分析视角,利用2000—2020年共建“一带一路”国家的54种环境产品贸易数据构建环境产品贸易网络,采用时间指数随机图模型(TERGM),探究区域环境产品贸易网络结构特征及其演化机制。研究发现:①样本区间内,环境产品贸易网络密度和平均聚类系数总体呈上升趋势,平均路径长度缩减,网络直径较短,但是受疫情影响,2020年网络特征指标数值明显下降。②意大利、中国、韩国和新加坡的点出度与点入度排名位于前列,在贸易网络中发挥“桥梁”与“枢纽”作用。中国后来居上,成为点出度与点入度最高的国家,引领区域环境产品贸易发展。③欧洲与亚洲是环境产品贸易网络中贸易合作最密集的两个地区,非洲、拉丁美洲地区的共建“一带一路”国家具有较少的环境产品贸易关系,且源自板块外进口关系数显著多于出口关系数。④TERGM分析表明,环境产品贸易网络存在显著的互惠性、连通性、稳定性和变异性。工业增加值、经济自由度和绿色创新存在发送效应和接收效应,人均GDP、环境规制存在发送效应。地理距离不利于形成环境产品贸易合作。⑤环境保护型产品、可再生能源产品、环境监测分析与评价设备贸易网络的形成和演化具有异质性。基于该结论,从引领区域绿色低碳发展、因地制宜深化环保产业合作、加快环保产业转型升级等方面,提出了深化和拓展“一带一路”环境产品贸易关系的对策建议。

新时代“情报学+”数智化人才的培育理路

[目的/意义]数智化时代背景下,更要求情报学学科融入新时代,积极探索数智化人才培育路径。[研究设计/方法]从认知到应用全方位策划“情报学+”数智化人才的培育理路,明晰育人体系,重点描述人才核心素养模型的搭建以及对人才培育路径的思考,展现情报学育人的本土化、特色化、智慧化。[结论/发现]情报学学科未来应致力于培育服务新时代各工作领域和研究情境的复合应用型情报学人才,不断探索更完整的人才培育闭环。[创新/价值]以中国哲学思想赋能新时代情报人才培育的理论遵循和实践路径,体现哲学思想现实价值的同时,为情报学学科的未来发展提供参考。

改进YOLOv7的复杂道路场景目标检测算法

虽然基于深度学习的目标检测算法在道路场景中的目标检测方面已经取得了很好的效果,但是对于复杂道路场景中的密集目标,远处的小尺度目标检测精度低,容易出现漏检误检的问题,提出一种改进YOLOv7的复杂道路场景目标检测算法。增加小目标检测层,增加对小目标的特征学习能力;采用K-means++重聚类先验框,使得先验框更贴合目标,增加网络对目标的定位精度;采用WIoU(Wise-IoU)损失函数,增加网络对普通质量锚框的关注度,提高网络对目标的定位能力;在颈部和检测头引入协调坐标卷积(CoordConv),使网络能够更好地感受特征图中的位置信息;提出P-ELAN结构对骨干网络进行轻量化处理,降低算法参数量和运算量。实验结果表明,该改进算法在华为SODA10M数据集下的mAP达到64.8%,比原算法提高2.6个百分点,模型参数量和运算量分别降低12%和7%,达到检测精度和检测速度的平衡。

刚柔复合式路面结构与材料及发展趋势

刚柔复合式路面作为一种耐久性路面结构,广泛应用于重载交通、特殊地质条件、桥隧铺装等工程。为进一步推动耐久性刚柔复合式路面的应用,明确研究中的关键问题及发展方向,该文综述了国内外刚柔复合式路面的相关研究进展。在梳理刚柔复合式路面结构设计理论及施工技术的基础上,首先阐述了刚柔复合式路面的结构力学行为特征,分析了沥青面层和刚性基层的荷载应力、温度应力及其交互影响,刚性基层上的沥青面层一方面直接承受荷载和环境作用,另一方面可以改善下卧结构层的应力场和温度场,是影响刚柔复合式路面服役性能及使用寿命的关键;明确了刚柔复合式路面的病害主要出现在沥青面层,由于沥青面层与刚性基层之间的模量差异巨大,刚性基层上的沥青面层更倾向于产生压剪破坏,刚性基层的开裂以及刚‒柔层间的结合状态对沥青路面的性能也有着显著影响;最后,分别从沥青面层抗剪、基层板整体性、刚‒柔层间结合3个方面归纳了刚柔复合式路面性能的提升技术。基于刚柔复合式路面的结构力学特性,开展结构‒高性能材料一体化设计是提升刚柔复合式路面使用性能和耐久性的有效途径。

Key Road Injury Prevention Interventions and Their Effectiveness in Africa: Conclusions and What Can Be Done Better

Introduction: This study aimed to identify road safety interventions implemented in Africa and to analyze their effectiveness in reducing road crashes, injuries, disabilities and deaths. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review including articles relating to the evaluation of road safety interventions implemented in Africa that were searched on electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Lissa, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. Selection of articles and data extraction was conducted by two pairs of reviewers. Data quality was checked according to the type of study. A qualitative analysis of the data was carried out and a narrative approach was adopted to describe and synthesize the results. Results: A total of twenty-nine articles were selected including one cross-sectional study, seven time series, twenty-one quasi-experimental studies of which six randomised and fifteen non-randomised studies. The type of interventions evaluated was aimed at all types of users and was based on different interventions such as institutional strengthening, law enforcement, awareness raising, training or user education, vehicle maintenance and infrastructure improvements. For fourteen studies all the expected indicators had changed favourably and for twelve the indicators had partially changed. The studies that showed significant change were institutional strengthening, law enforcement, awareness raising, training, or user education interventions, development of Uber transport services, distribution of equipment, and a combination of interventions. Conclusion: This situation is indicative of insufficient policy investment in research but also in the field of road safety in general.

考虑充放储一体站与电动汽车互动的主从博弈优化调度策略

针对大规模电动汽车(electrical vehicle,EV)接入微电网造成的负荷压力,提出一种考虑充放储一体站(charging-discharging-storage integrated station,CDSIS)与EV互动的主从博弈优化调度策略。首先,通过建立CDSIS模型,并针对CDSIS多场景进行分段设置。其次,建立动态路网模型并结合EV出行特性,预测城市区域路网约束下的EV充电负荷时空分布。并根据预测结果建立EV及CDSIS多目标主从博弈优化调度模型,对EV用户、CDSIS收益进行多目标协调。最后,以某城市主城区域部分交通路网结合IEEE33节点配电系统进行仿真,分析电价与CDSIS储能设备容量对城市区域内EV用户和CDSIS站收益的影响。结果表明,所提主从博弈模型与调度策略能够使得EV用户与CDSIS双方得到最大收益。

“一带一路”共建国家间的技术扩散——基于技术内容与网络结构的分析

技术扩散是强化国际经济与创新联系的有效途径,是构建高质量开放创新体系的重要方式。国际技术扩散作为两个主体间的技术扩散活动具有方向性,不同国家的创新政策和技术发展战略侧重点不同,在技术扩散能力和技术吸收能力上均有差异。因而国家间需要构建高效、稳定的技术扩散网络,充分发挥自身的技术优势、补齐技术短板,进一步加大技术流动和增强创新能力。本研究基于技术扩散理论,运用专利引证数据构建“一带一路”共建国家间技术扩散网络,分时段纵向分析共建国家技术扩散网络的演化,分技术领域横向分析共建国家间技术扩散的特征,探索中国与共建国家间技术扩散的内容和路径。研究认为:中国在共建国家技术扩散网络中的核心地位逐步确立,且在“一带一路”倡议提出后中国的核心位置更加明显、技术扩散范围更加广泛;但整体技术扩散网络密度低,除中国外的其他国家间技术扩散关系构建较少;不同技术领域的技术扩散网络形态各有不同,其中化学技术领域的技术扩散最活跃、网络复杂度最高;俄罗斯在化学、机械工程、仪器、其他技术领域具有一定技术优势,并且对中国的技术扩散强度很大,而中国在电气工程技术领域更有技术扩散优势。

大功率拖拉机驾驶室振动仿真与试验验证

针对路面不平度引起的拖拉机振动及驾驶员驾驶疲劳等问题,以大功率拖拉机为研究对象,基于车辆动力学理论建立六自由度人-椅-路面拖拉机振动模型,仿真拖拉机动态工况下人椅系统的振动传递过程。为验证模型的准确性,在田间及沥青道路上进行实车试验,测量动态工况下拖拉机座椅及人体头部、腰部、腿部的振动加速度,并与模型仿真结果进行对比;通过加速度响应的时域和频域分析,把加权加速度均方根值作为评价指标,对驾驶员的振动舒适性进行评价分析。结果表明:建立的人椅系统模型与振动试验的结果有很高的一致性,模型具有良好的预测效果,且驾驶员测量部位因振动产生的不舒适感由低到高为头部、腿部、腰部,为拖拉机减振及座椅设计提供了参考。

水泥-石灰-磷石膏固化赤泥的路用基层性能

基于磷石膏硫激发作用水泥-石灰固化赤泥,开展了固化赤泥无侧限抗压强度、抗劈裂、抗回弹力学性能和干湿、冻融耐久性能等路用性能的室内试验,探究了该固化赤泥应用道路基层的可行性。试验结果表明:采用固化剂配比m水泥∶m石灰∶m磷石膏=8∶2∶2的固化赤泥路用基层性能最佳,7 d无侧限抗压强度为4.18 MPa,满足基层强度要求;28 d劈裂强度和回弹模量分别为0.256、1020 MPa;五级干湿和冻融循环后,质量变化率<2%,强度损失指标BDR均在80%以上。压汞试验从微观揭示了磷石膏反应产生的钙矾石,通过填充孔隙(0.1~1μm),增强固化赤泥强度;过量钙矾石使得固化赤泥体积膨胀,产生微裂缝孔隙(1~10μm),强度性能劣化。综合固化赤泥性能试验结果,使用m赤泥∶m水泥∶m石灰∶m磷石膏=100∶8∶2∶2配合比制备的固化赤泥替代传统路面基层材料是可行的,拓宽了赤泥综合利用的途径。

基于机器学习的“一带一路”投资国别风险预测研究

“一带一路”倡议提出十年间,中国对沿线国家的投资规模持续扩大。然而,企业在抓住机遇,进行“一带一路”沿线国家投资的同时,也需要重点关注“一带一路”投资国别风险。本文从政治、经济、社会和对华关系4个维度构建“一带一路”投资国别风险预测指标体系;运用灰色关联分析计算样本国家的综合风险评价值;基于2012~2022年间“一带一路”沿线国家的数据,利用机器学习构建GA-BP神经网络、支持向量回归和随机森林3种预测模型;通过对比预测精度,确定最佳预测模型,利用2021年的指标数据,对2022年的投资国别风险进行预测。研究结果表明:(1)在“一带一路”投资国别风险的研究背景下,支持向量回归模型预测效果最优,证明机器学习模型能够有效应用于风险管理领域;(2)“一带一路”投资国别风险存在明显的地区差异,中东欧地区和东南亚地区投资国别风险普遍较低,而南亚地区投资国别风险普遍较高,但都存在特例。本文研究结果可为“走出去”企业在“一带一路”沿线国家的投资决策提供参考。

Towards a Modeling of the Impacts of Road Verge Management on the Pollination Service Using System Dynamics: A Case Study in France

Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environment in a more sustainable manner. In this sense, the ecosystems known as road verges are particularly important because of their length and surface at an international scale, and their role in mitigating the damage done by roads. Plant pollination by insects is one of the most important ecosystem services. Because of its nature and the fact that they extend across a variety of landscapes, roadside can contribute to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems, under the condition of adapted management practices. This research is the first attempt to develop a System Dynamics-based aiming to estimate the ecological and economic impact of maintenance on the road verge pollination service in France. Maintenance strategies of road verges are simulated to compare their performance. The results show that there are ways to improve current maintenance strategies in terms of pollination value, but also that the model needs to consider other ecosystem services and synergistic effects that could further affect pollination to obtain more accurate estimations.