The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-ro...The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.展开更多
Purpose: In this contribution, we want to detect the document type profiles of the three prestigious journals Nature, Science, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS) with re...Purpose: In this contribution, we want to detect the document type profiles of the three prestigious journals Nature, Science, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS) with regard to two levels: journal and country. Design/methodology/approach: Using relative values based on fractional counting, we investigate the distribution of publications across document types at both the journal and country level, and we use (cosine) document type profile similarity values to compare pairs of publication years within countries. Findings: Nature and Science mainly publish Editorial Material, Article, News Item and Letter, whereas the publications of PNAS are heavily concentrated on Article. The shares of Article for Nature and Science are decreasing slightly from 1999 to 2014, while the corresponding shares of Editorial Material are increasing. Most studied countries focus on Article and Letter in Nature, but on Letter in Science and PNAS. The document type profiles of some of the studied countries change to a relatively large extent over publication years. Research limitations: The main limitation of this research concerns the Web of Science classification of publications into document types. Since the analysis of the paper is based on document types of Web of Science, the classification in question is not free from errors, and the accuracy of the analysis might be affected.Practical implications: Results show that Nature and Science are quite diversified with regard to document types. In bibliometric assessments, where publications in Nature and Science play a role, other document types than Article and Review might therefore be taken into account. Originality/value: Results highlight the importance of other document types than Article and Review in Nature and Science. Large differences are also found when comparing the country document type profiles of the three journals with the corresponding profiles in all Web of Science journals.展开更多
With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate inform...With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate information,removal of unnecessary data and providing the data in a cohesive and coherent manner is determined to be a most confronting task.In this research,a novel intelligent model for document clustering is designed with graph model and Fuzzy based association rule generation(gFAR).Initially,the graph model is used to map the relationship among the data(multi-source)followed by the establishment of document clustering with the generation of association rule using the fuzzy concept.This method shows benefit in redundancy elimination by mapping the relevant document using graph model and reduces the time consumption and improves the accuracy using the association rule generation with fuzzy.This framework is provided in an interpretable way for document clustering.It iteratively reduces the error rate during relationship mapping among the data(clusters)with the assistance of weighted document content.Also,this model represents the significance of data features with class discrimination.It is also helpful in measuring the significance of the features during the data clustering process.The simulation is done with MATLAB 2016b environment and evaluated with the empirical standards like Relative Risk Patterns(RRP),ROUGE score,and Discrimination Information Measure(DMI)respectively.Here,DailyMail and DUC 2004 dataset is used to extract the empirical results.The proposed gFAR model gives better trade-off while compared with various prevailing approaches.展开更多
At a conference in Beijing on December 4, 2012 marking the 30th anni- versary of the adoption of the current Constitution, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, "To fully implement th...At a conference in Beijing on December 4, 2012 marking the 30th anni- versary of the adoption of the current Constitution, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, "To fully implement the Constitution is the primary task and the basic work in building a socialist nation ruled by law." He also said, "A country ruled by law should be first ruled by the Constitution, and lawful governance should be based on the Constitution."展开更多
基金a preliminary result of the Chinese Government Scholarship High-level Graduate Program sponsored by China Scholarship Council(Program No.CSC202206310052)。
文摘The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:L1524037)
文摘Purpose: In this contribution, we want to detect the document type profiles of the three prestigious journals Nature, Science, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS) with regard to two levels: journal and country. Design/methodology/approach: Using relative values based on fractional counting, we investigate the distribution of publications across document types at both the journal and country level, and we use (cosine) document type profile similarity values to compare pairs of publication years within countries. Findings: Nature and Science mainly publish Editorial Material, Article, News Item and Letter, whereas the publications of PNAS are heavily concentrated on Article. The shares of Article for Nature and Science are decreasing slightly from 1999 to 2014, while the corresponding shares of Editorial Material are increasing. Most studied countries focus on Article and Letter in Nature, but on Letter in Science and PNAS. The document type profiles of some of the studied countries change to a relatively large extent over publication years. Research limitations: The main limitation of this research concerns the Web of Science classification of publications into document types. Since the analysis of the paper is based on document types of Web of Science, the classification in question is not free from errors, and the accuracy of the analysis might be affected.Practical implications: Results show that Nature and Science are quite diversified with regard to document types. In bibliometric assessments, where publications in Nature and Science play a role, other document types than Article and Review might therefore be taken into account. Originality/value: Results highlight the importance of other document types than Article and Review in Nature and Science. Large differences are also found when comparing the country document type profiles of the three journals with the corresponding profiles in all Web of Science journals.
文摘With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate information,removal of unnecessary data and providing the data in a cohesive and coherent manner is determined to be a most confronting task.In this research,a novel intelligent model for document clustering is designed with graph model and Fuzzy based association rule generation(gFAR).Initially,the graph model is used to map the relationship among the data(multi-source)followed by the establishment of document clustering with the generation of association rule using the fuzzy concept.This method shows benefit in redundancy elimination by mapping the relevant document using graph model and reduces the time consumption and improves the accuracy using the association rule generation with fuzzy.This framework is provided in an interpretable way for document clustering.It iteratively reduces the error rate during relationship mapping among the data(clusters)with the assistance of weighted document content.Also,this model represents the significance of data features with class discrimination.It is also helpful in measuring the significance of the features during the data clustering process.The simulation is done with MATLAB 2016b environment and evaluated with the empirical standards like Relative Risk Patterns(RRP),ROUGE score,and Discrimination Information Measure(DMI)respectively.Here,DailyMail and DUC 2004 dataset is used to extract the empirical results.The proposed gFAR model gives better trade-off while compared with various prevailing approaches.
文摘At a conference in Beijing on December 4, 2012 marking the 30th anni- versary of the adoption of the current Constitution, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, "To fully implement the Constitution is the primary task and the basic work in building a socialist nation ruled by law." He also said, "A country ruled by law should be first ruled by the Constitution, and lawful governance should be based on the Constitution."