The research results of marker aided selection(MAS)for resistant varieties and lines against rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason successfully in 1999 - 2002 were reported in the present paper. The molecular mar...The research results of marker aided selection(MAS)for resistant varieties and lines against rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason successfully in 1999 - 2002 were reported in the present paper. The molecular markers linked to the gene Gm6 against rice gall midge were used to select and breed the resistant varieties and lines. The RAPD marker OPM06 was used to verify the existence actually of gene Gm6 in ten developed varieties resistant to gall midge such as Duokang1, Duokang2, Kangwen2, Kangwen3, Kang-wen5, Duokangzaozhan, Kangwenqinzhan, which were derived from Daqiuqi. For resistance breeding through PCRbased marker aided selection(MAS), the polymorphisms in the resistant and susceptible parents were i-dentified by RG476/Alu I and RG476/Sca I respectively. The RAPD marker OPM06(1.4 kb)was used to i-dentify 15 new resistance lines from F3 lines of Fengyinzhan1/Daqiuqi in 1999. 21 and 7 resistance lines were selected from F4 and F6 lines of KWQZ/Gui99(restored line of hybrid rice)using RG476/Alu I in 2000-2001 respectively. The Gm6 gene was transferred into the restored line of hybrid rice. In 2001 - 2002, RG214/ Hha I and G214/Sca I were used for selecting 11 and 5 resistance lines from F3 lines of KWQZ/IR56 and AXZ/KWQZ successfully. The application of the resistance gene through PCR-based marker aided selection is a new and effective approach in resistance breeding.展开更多
With the acceleration of industrialization,urbanization,as well as the reform and opening-up,the amount of migrant workers is increasing sharply. However,the specialty of criminal cases is ignored,rights of migrant fa...With the acceleration of industrialization,urbanization,as well as the reform and opening-up,the amount of migrant workers is increasing sharply. However,the specialty of criminal cases is ignored,rights of migrant farmers and legal aids for them are neglected,making them commit crimes for lack of basic knowledge of laws and failing to be treated with fairness. The aim of enjoying human rights is a failure.Based on the legal aids for migrant workers,the paper discusses how to protect legal rights of migrant workers in criminal cases and make them enjoy fairness of laws,making laws play a true part in criminal cases and fulfill the aim of human rights protection.展开更多
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the resultant disease—Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome are global epidemics in recent times. Although the effects of the epidemic have been curtailed somewhat in the developed ...The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the resultant disease—Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome are global epidemics in recent times. Although the effects of the epidemic have been curtailed somewhat in the developed world, it is not so in developing countries. As such it affects not only the infected but those directly dependent on them. Some of the affected people have been identified as children, who turn out to be unprepared for and defenceless against the imminent hardship prevalent as a consequence of the disease. The effects of the epidemic are felt more in the developing world than in developed countries and this is because the attitude of the developed world to the epidemic is positive, enhanced by awareness of the disease;whereas in the developing countries, a lot of myths are attached to it, affecting the requisite attitude needed to combat the epidemic and its effects. This paper seeks to examine the effects of this epidemic on children in Nigeria, comparing the effects on children in other African countries. The paper also looks at structures in place to cater for these children, and then seeks to proffer improved means of protecting their rights.展开更多
The object of criminal legal aid refers to the person in a criminal case who has the right or eligibility toapply for legal assistance and who receives it. According to jurispru- dence, the object （or aid recipient）...The object of criminal legal aid refers to the person in a criminal case who has the right or eligibility toapply for legal assistance and who receives it. According to jurispru- dence, the object （or aid recipient） is a party in a given legal case, who is granted legal aid. They are often among the disadvantaged group in criminal cases, since most of them are mentally challenged, lack free- dom or have health problems.＇ Both international and domestic laws have certain norms regarding objects of criminal legal aid. Our domestic law places more emphasis on ＂defen- dants＂ while downplaying ＂suspects＂ and ＂victims＂ in identifying objects.展开更多
As one of the human rights protection systems for rural residents, legal aid is an important well-being project. It provides legal assistance to the rural population with regard to every aspect of the application of t...As one of the human rights protection systems for rural residents, legal aid is an important well-being project. It provides legal assistance to the rural population with regard to every aspect of the application of the law, and reflects the care and assistance given to rural residents. It is an important way to ensure the equal realization of legitimate rights and interests of rural residents, and it is also a powerful measure to promote the all-round development of the rural population. After more than 20 years of growth, China’s rural legal aid work has achieved gratifying results. However, there are still outstanding problems such as unbalanced supply and demand, narrow scope, and tight funding. Therefore, we should build on the practice of rural legal aid to expand the number of aid teams, improve the quality of legal aid, broaden the scope of aid, and provide financial support so that rural legal aid can be truly visible, accessible, affordable and well performed.展开更多
Legal aid, also known as legal relief, is commonly adopted in many countries. In fact, it is an indispensable part of the legal system in a modern society ruled by law. It is an important guarantee for the fairness in...Legal aid, also known as legal relief, is commonly adopted in many countries. In fact, it is an indispensable part of the legal system in a modern society ruled by law. It is an important guarantee for the fairness in the administration of justice and human rights relief. It is also an important mark of political civilization and social progress in a country展开更多
The paper analyzes the factors influencing machine tool selection. By using fuzzy mathematics theory, we establish a theorietical model for optimal machine tool selection considering geometric features, clamping size,...The paper analyzes the factors influencing machine tool selection. By using fuzzy mathematics theory, we establish a theorietical model for optimal machine tool selection considering geometric features, clamping size, machining range, machining precision and surface roughness. By means of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the membership degree of machine tool selection and the largest comprehensive evaluation index are determined. Then the reasonably automatic selection of machine tool is realized in the generative computer aided process planning （CAPP） system. Finally, the finite element model based on ABAQUS is established and the cutting process of machine tool is simulated. According to the theoretical and empirical cutting parameters and the curve of surface residual stress, the optimal cutting parameters can be determined.展开更多
Background: Botswana is regarded as a leader of progressive HIV/AIDS policy, as the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to establish a free, national antiretroviral therapy program. In light of such programmatic succe...Background: Botswana is regarded as a leader of progressive HIV/AIDS policy, as the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to establish a free, national antiretroviral therapy program. In light of such programmatic successes, it is important to evaluate the potentially changing relationship of HIV/AIDS to the wellbeing of individuals, households, and institutions in the country. Methods: We evaluate the effects of HIV-related illness on absenteeism and earnings several years after the start of the national treatment program among a random sample of adults in Botswana using survey data from 3999 individuals aged 15 to 49, using quasi-experimental methods. We compare absenteeism between individuals with and without HIV-related illness, using a propensity score matching approach. We then estimate the effect of HIV-related illness on earnings using a Heckman selection model to account for selection into the workforce. We stratify our analyses by sex. Results: Men and women with HIV-related illness were absent by about 5.2 and 3.3 additional days, respectively, in the month prior to the survey compared to matched controls, and earned approximately 38% and 43% less, respectively, in the month prior to the survey compared to those without HIV-related illness. Conclusions: HIV-related illness appears to increase absenteeism in this sample and dramatically reduce earnings. The findings suggest a need for policies that confer greater financial security to individuals with HIV/AIDS in Botswana.展开更多
We have carried out clinical observations on 34 patients with peripheral facial paralysis treatedby acupuncture therapy prescribed according to selection of treatment regimen on the basis of fa-cial thermogram and tem...We have carried out clinical observations on 34 patients with peripheral facial paralysis treatedby acupuncture therapy prescribed according to selection of treatment regimen on the basis of fa-cial thermogram and temperature.A comparison was made with a control group of 97 patientswho received conventional acupuncture therapy only.It was found that 1)The cure rate in thegroup of selecting acupoints by thermorgram(hereinafter referred to as the thermography-aidedtreatment group)was 67.65%,with a marked improvement rate of 26.40%;while the cure rateof the conventional acupuncture treatment group(hereinafter called the conventional treatmentgroup)was 46.39%,the marked improvement rate being 29.90%,indicating a significant differ-ence in therapeutic efficacy between the two groups(P【0.02).2)The average duration ofacupuncture therapy for the thermography aided treatment group was 6.02 weeks,whereas thatfor the conventional treatment group,24 weeks.There was also a significant difference betweenthe two groups(P【0.01).And 3)During the entire therapeutic course,25.2 sessions of treatmentwere given on the average in the thermography-aided treatment group,and 78.8 sessions in theconventional treatment group,showing a very significant difference(P【0.001).The present thermography-aided method exhibits advantages over the conventional one in en-hancing the cure rate and shortening the duration of treatment,which is worthy to be popularizedin clinical practice.And it is also of certain significance in standardization and-scientification ofacupuncture therapy.展开更多
Year 2003 was regarded by the Chinese media as a year of antidiscrimination by hepatitis virus B (HVB) carriers. The series of events that happened in the year aroused the attention of the whole society to show concer...Year 2003 was regarded by the Chinese media as a year of antidiscrimination by hepatitis virus B (HVB) carriers. The series of events that happened in the year aroused the attention of the whole society to show concern for discrimination against HVB carriers. On April 3, a murder case occurred in Zhejiang Province; on November 20, 1,611 citizens put their signatures to a proposals, demanding review of the provisions on public servant recruitment that bar HVB carriers in 31 provinces and cities and calling for laws to protect HVB carriers. The signed proposal was delivered to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the Ministry of Health and the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council. In December, the people’s court in Xinwu District of Wuhu City in Anhui officially accepted the case of the first HVB carrier against the personnel bureau of展开更多
The officer- selecting system is an important part of the administrative legal system of the ancient China. In the ancient times,there were different officer- selecting systems in China,such as the hereditary system,t...The officer- selecting system is an important part of the administrative legal system of the ancient China. In the ancient times,there were different officer- selecting systems in China,such as the hereditary system,the recommendatory system,the nine- rank system and the imperial examination system and so on. Different officer- selecting systems are reasonable and have some limitations at the same time. Besides,they own some realistic significance for the cadre- selecting system of the present.展开更多
The corruption problem of China's rural cadres has exposed the weakness of the absence of legal control in rural administration. In the face of the problems in the legal control of corruption in rural cadres,it is...The corruption problem of China's rural cadres has exposed the weakness of the absence of legal control in rural administration. In the face of the problems in the legal control of corruption in rural cadres,it is required to improve the laws and regulations,strengthen law enforcement,and strengthen the supervision and guidance of higher-level party committee and governments to bring the corruption of rural cadres into the rule of law.展开更多
he government of an HIV/AIDS ravaged province in southwestern China has recently completed an innovative new research report entitied ＂To get NGOs involved in national lawmaking for HIV control work.＂
文摘The research results of marker aided selection(MAS)for resistant varieties and lines against rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason successfully in 1999 - 2002 were reported in the present paper. The molecular markers linked to the gene Gm6 against rice gall midge were used to select and breed the resistant varieties and lines. The RAPD marker OPM06 was used to verify the existence actually of gene Gm6 in ten developed varieties resistant to gall midge such as Duokang1, Duokang2, Kangwen2, Kangwen3, Kang-wen5, Duokangzaozhan, Kangwenqinzhan, which were derived from Daqiuqi. For resistance breeding through PCRbased marker aided selection(MAS), the polymorphisms in the resistant and susceptible parents were i-dentified by RG476/Alu I and RG476/Sca I respectively. The RAPD marker OPM06(1.4 kb)was used to i-dentify 15 new resistance lines from F3 lines of Fengyinzhan1/Daqiuqi in 1999. 21 and 7 resistance lines were selected from F4 and F6 lines of KWQZ/Gui99(restored line of hybrid rice)using RG476/Alu I in 2000-2001 respectively. The Gm6 gene was transferred into the restored line of hybrid rice. In 2001 - 2002, RG214/ Hha I and G214/Sca I were used for selecting 11 and 5 resistance lines from F3 lines of KWQZ/IR56 and AXZ/KWQZ successfully. The application of the resistance gene through PCR-based marker aided selection is a new and effective approach in resistance breeding.
文摘With the acceleration of industrialization,urbanization,as well as the reform and opening-up,the amount of migrant workers is increasing sharply. However,the specialty of criminal cases is ignored,rights of migrant farmers and legal aids for them are neglected,making them commit crimes for lack of basic knowledge of laws and failing to be treated with fairness. The aim of enjoying human rights is a failure.Based on the legal aids for migrant workers,the paper discusses how to protect legal rights of migrant workers in criminal cases and make them enjoy fairness of laws,making laws play a true part in criminal cases and fulfill the aim of human rights protection.
文摘The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the resultant disease—Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome are global epidemics in recent times. Although the effects of the epidemic have been curtailed somewhat in the developed world, it is not so in developing countries. As such it affects not only the infected but those directly dependent on them. Some of the affected people have been identified as children, who turn out to be unprepared for and defenceless against the imminent hardship prevalent as a consequence of the disease. The effects of the epidemic are felt more in the developing world than in developed countries and this is because the attitude of the developed world to the epidemic is positive, enhanced by awareness of the disease;whereas in the developing countries, a lot of myths are attached to it, affecting the requisite attitude needed to combat the epidemic and its effects. This paper seeks to examine the effects of this epidemic on children in Nigeria, comparing the effects on children in other African countries. The paper also looks at structures in place to cater for these children, and then seeks to proffer improved means of protecting their rights.
文摘The object of criminal legal aid refers to the person in a criminal case who has the right or eligibility toapply for legal assistance and who receives it. According to jurispru- dence, the object （or aid recipient） is a party in a given legal case, who is granted legal aid. They are often among the disadvantaged group in criminal cases, since most of them are mentally challenged, lack free- dom or have health problems.＇ Both international and domestic laws have certain norms regarding objects of criminal legal aid. Our domestic law places more emphasis on ＂defen- dants＂ while downplaying ＂suspects＂ and ＂victims＂ in identifying objects.
基金a staged achievement of the scientific research project “Research on Solution to Rural Disputes in Hunan in the Functionalist Paradigm” of the Education Department of Hunan Province(Project No.:11C1297)the research project “Diverse Dispute Solution Mechanism in the Rural Area of Hunan Province from the Perspective of Sociology of Law” held by the Philosophy and Social Science Achievements Review Committee of Hunan Province(Project No.:1011331B)
文摘As one of the human rights protection systems for rural residents, legal aid is an important well-being project. It provides legal assistance to the rural population with regard to every aspect of the application of the law, and reflects the care and assistance given to rural residents. It is an important way to ensure the equal realization of legitimate rights and interests of rural residents, and it is also a powerful measure to promote the all-round development of the rural population. After more than 20 years of growth, China’s rural legal aid work has achieved gratifying results. However, there are still outstanding problems such as unbalanced supply and demand, narrow scope, and tight funding. Therefore, we should build on the practice of rural legal aid to expand the number of aid teams, improve the quality of legal aid, broaden the scope of aid, and provide financial support so that rural legal aid can be truly visible, accessible, affordable and well performed.
文摘Legal aid, also known as legal relief, is commonly adopted in many countries. In fact, it is an indispensable part of the legal system in a modern society ruled by law. It is an important guarantee for the fairness in the administration of justice and human rights relief. It is also an important mark of political civilization and social progress in a country
基金Shanxi Province Science and Technology Research Project(No.20140321008-03)
文摘The paper analyzes the factors influencing machine tool selection. By using fuzzy mathematics theory, we establish a theorietical model for optimal machine tool selection considering geometric features, clamping size, machining range, machining precision and surface roughness. By means of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the membership degree of machine tool selection and the largest comprehensive evaluation index are determined. Then the reasonably automatic selection of machine tool is realized in the generative computer aided process planning （CAPP） system. Finally, the finite element model based on ABAQUS is established and the cutting process of machine tool is simulated. According to the theoretical and empirical cutting parameters and the curve of surface residual stress, the optimal cutting parameters can be determined.
文摘Background: Botswana is regarded as a leader of progressive HIV/AIDS policy, as the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to establish a free, national antiretroviral therapy program. In light of such programmatic successes, it is important to evaluate the potentially changing relationship of HIV/AIDS to the wellbeing of individuals, households, and institutions in the country. Methods: We evaluate the effects of HIV-related illness on absenteeism and earnings several years after the start of the national treatment program among a random sample of adults in Botswana using survey data from 3999 individuals aged 15 to 49, using quasi-experimental methods. We compare absenteeism between individuals with and without HIV-related illness, using a propensity score matching approach. We then estimate the effect of HIV-related illness on earnings using a Heckman selection model to account for selection into the workforce. We stratify our analyses by sex. Results: Men and women with HIV-related illness were absent by about 5.2 and 3.3 additional days, respectively, in the month prior to the survey compared to matched controls, and earned approximately 38% and 43% less, respectively, in the month prior to the survey compared to those without HIV-related illness. Conclusions: HIV-related illness appears to increase absenteeism in this sample and dramatically reduce earnings. The findings suggest a need for policies that confer greater financial security to individuals with HIV/AIDS in Botswana.
文摘We have carried out clinical observations on 34 patients with peripheral facial paralysis treatedby acupuncture therapy prescribed according to selection of treatment regimen on the basis of fa-cial thermogram and temperature.A comparison was made with a control group of 97 patientswho received conventional acupuncture therapy only.It was found that 1)The cure rate in thegroup of selecting acupoints by thermorgram(hereinafter referred to as the thermography-aidedtreatment group)was 67.65%,with a marked improvement rate of 26.40%;while the cure rateof the conventional acupuncture treatment group(hereinafter called the conventional treatmentgroup)was 46.39%,the marked improvement rate being 29.90%,indicating a significant differ-ence in therapeutic efficacy between the two groups(P【0.02).2)The average duration ofacupuncture therapy for the thermography aided treatment group was 6.02 weeks,whereas thatfor the conventional treatment group,24 weeks.There was also a significant difference betweenthe two groups(P【0.01).And 3)During the entire therapeutic course,25.2 sessions of treatmentwere given on the average in the thermography-aided treatment group,and 78.8 sessions in theconventional treatment group,showing a very significant difference(P【0.001).The present thermography-aided method exhibits advantages over the conventional one in en-hancing the cure rate and shortening the duration of treatment,which is worthy to be popularizedin clinical practice.And it is also of certain significance in standardization and-scientification ofacupuncture therapy.
文摘Year 2003 was regarded by the Chinese media as a year of antidiscrimination by hepatitis virus B (HVB) carriers. The series of events that happened in the year aroused the attention of the whole society to show concern for discrimination against HVB carriers. On April 3, a murder case occurred in Zhejiang Province; on November 20, 1,611 citizens put their signatures to a proposals, demanding review of the provisions on public servant recruitment that bar HVB carriers in 31 provinces and cities and calling for laws to protect HVB carriers. The signed proposal was delivered to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the Ministry of Health and the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council. In December, the people’s court in Xinwu District of Wuhu City in Anhui officially accepted the case of the first HVB carrier against the personnel bureau of
文摘The officer- selecting system is an important part of the administrative legal system of the ancient China. In the ancient times,there were different officer- selecting systems in China,such as the hereditary system,the recommendatory system,the nine- rank system and the imperial examination system and so on. Different officer- selecting systems are reasonable and have some limitations at the same time. Besides,they own some realistic significance for the cadre- selecting system of the present.
文摘The corruption problem of China's rural cadres has exposed the weakness of the absence of legal control in rural administration. In the face of the problems in the legal control of corruption in rural cadres,it is required to improve the laws and regulations,strengthen law enforcement,and strengthen the supervision and guidance of higher-level party committee and governments to bring the corruption of rural cadres into the rule of law.
文摘he government of an HIV/AIDS ravaged province in southwestern China has recently completed an innovative new research report entitied ＂To get NGOs involved in national lawmaking for HIV control work.＂
