Smart prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading

The prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading/displacement(Dh)is a challenging task for civil/geotechnical engineers.In this study,a new approach is proposed to predict Dh using gene expression programming(GEP).Based on statistical reasoning,individual models were developed for two topographies:free-face and gently sloping ground.Along with a comparison with conventional approaches for predicting the Dh,four additional regression-based soft computing models,i.e.Gaussian process regression(GPR),relevance vector machine(RVM),sequential minimal optimization regression(SMOR),and M5-tree,were developed and compared with the GEP model.The results indicate that the GEP models predict Dh with less bias,as evidenced by the root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)for training(i.e.1.092 and 0.815;and 0.643 and 0.526)and for testing(i.e.0.89 and 0.705;and 0.773 and 0.573)in free-face and gently sloping ground topographies,respectively.The overall performance for the free-face topology was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>M5-tree>GPR>SMOR,with a total score of 40,32,24,15,and 10,respectively.For the gently sloping condition,the performance was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>GPR>M5-tree>SMOR with a total score of 40,32,21,19,and 8,respectively.Finally,the results of the sensitivity analysis showed that for both free-face and gently sloping ground,the liquefiable layer thickness(T_(15))was the major parameter with percentage deterioration(%D)value of 99.15 and 90.72,respectively.

Individual dynamics and local heterogeneity provide a microscopic view of the epidemic spreading

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe global disasters,highlighting the importance of understanding the details and trends of epidemic transmission in order to introduce efficient intervention measures.While the widely used deterministic compartmental models have qualitatively presented continuous “analytical” insight and captured some transmission features,their treatment usually lacks spatiotemporal variation.Here,we propose a stochastic individual dynamical(SID)model to mimic the random and heterogeneous nature of epidemic propagation.The SID model provides a unifying framework for representing the spatiotemporal variations of epidemic development by tracking the movements of each individual.Using this model,we reproduce the infection curves for COVID-19 cases in different areas globally and find the local dynamics and heterogeneity at the individual level that affect the disease outbreak.The macroscopic trend of virus spreading is clearly illustrated from the microscopic perspective,enabling a quantitative assessment of different interventions.Seemingly,this model is also applicable to studying stochastic processes at the “meter scale”,e.g.,human society’s collective dynamics.

Functionalized alginate-based bioinks for microscale electrohydrodynamic bioprinting of living tissue constructs with improved cellular spreading and alignment

Bioprinting has been widely investigated for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.However,it is still difficult to reconstruct the complex native cell arrangement due to the limited printing resolution of conventional bioprinting techniques such as extrusion-and inkjet-based printing.Recently,an electrohydrodynamic(EHD)bioprinting strategy was reported for the precise deposition of well-organized cell-laden constructs with microscale filament size,whereas few studies have been devoted to developing bioinks that can be applied for EHD bioprinting and simultaneously support cell spreading.This study describes functionalized alginate-based bioinks for microscale EHD bioprinting using peptide grafting and fibrin incorporation,which leads to high cell viability(>90%)and cell spreading.The printed filaments can be further refined to as small as 30μm by incorporating polyoxyethylene and remained stable over one week when exposed to an aqueous environment.By utilizing the presented alginate-based bioinks,layer-specific cell alignment along the printing struts could be observed inside the EHD-printed microscale filaments,which allows fabricating living constructs with cell-scale filament resolution for guided cellular orientation.

Boosting image watermarking authenticity spreading secrecy from counting-based secret-sharing

This study presents enhancing images authentication by securing watermarking hidden data via shares generated from counting-based secret sharing.The trustfulness of shares utilised secret-sharing as an applicable privacy creation tool for the authentication of real-life complex platforms.This research adjusts embedding the watermarking data over the images by innovative redistribution of shares to be embedded spread over all the images.The anticipated watermarking technique guaranteed to scatter the share bits implanting at different least significant bits of image pixels as boosting up the trust overall authentication practicality.The paper experimentation performance analysis shows that this improved image watermarking authentication(capacity)is averagely better by 33%–67%than other related exclusive-OR oriented and octagon approaches.Interestingly,these measurement improvements did not degrade the robustness and security of the system,inspiring our research for opening novel track of related future counting-based secret-sharing authentication progresses to come.

Cenozoic Volcanism in South China Sea and Its Vicinity and South China Sea Spreading

The rock series, rock types and Sr-Nd isotopic dating of the Cenozoicvolcanic rocks in the South China Sea are similar to those in its vicinity. On the basis of thespreading age of the South China Sea, the Cenozoic volcanic rocks are divided into three stages: thepre-spreading stage, the spreading stage and the post-spreading stage. The deep processcharacteristics of the asthenosphere and lithosphere may be inferred from the study on primarybasaltic magma. The top layers of the asthenosphere both in the spreading stage and in thepre-spreading stage are closer to the earth surface than that in the post-spreading stage. From thepre-spreading stage to the spreading stage, the top layer of the asthenosphere decreased in depth,while the amount of interstitial partial melts increased. The evolution of the primary basalticmagma shows a progressive evolution sequence of the rifting volcanism and a faster lithosphericspreading velocity. From the spreading stage to the post-spreading stage, the top layer of theasthenosphere gradually increased in depth, but the amount of interstitial partial melts decreased.The evolution of primary basaltic magma shows a retrogressive evolution sequence of the riftingvolcanism and a gradual decrease in the lithospheric spreading velocity. The depth recognized by thestudy on the Cenozoic volcanism demonstrates the deep environment for the formation and evolutionof the South China Sea.

Rifting characteristics of eastern subbasin of South China Sea and its spreading pattern

With processing and interpretation of 25 000 km full-coverage multibeam swath data fromthe eastern South China Sea, it is found that NE-trending and NW-trending linear morphological features such as scarps, horsts and grabens, govern the central part (14°-17° N) of eastern subbasin. Compared with reflection seismic profiles, these NE-trending linear morpho-structures are considered to be the representation of basement structures on seabed and can be divided into three linear structural zones. The trend of the central zone is NE45°-50° occurring around extinct spreading center, the trend of the second zone is NE70° - 78° on both sides of the central one and the trend of the third zone is about NE60° just on the north of the second one. These three NE-trending linear zones are formed in late-stage NW - SE-trending seafloor spreading of the eastern subbasin along NW-trending linear faults, and respectively correspond to three spreading episodes: 17.0- 19.0 Ma (5d-5e), 19.0 - 21.0 Ma (5e-6a) and 21.0 - 24.2 Ma (6a-6c) based on the contrast of morpho-structures to magnetic lineation anomalies.

Simulation and Experimental Research on Liquid Spreading in a Wire-Sawn Kerf

The significance of liquids in abrasive wire sawing has been demonstrated in several studies.However,the perfor-mance of its spreading behavior is limited by the current development trend,where the wafer has a larger area and the kerf is narrower.Moreover,there are very few studies on the liquid spreading behavior in wire-sawn kerfs.Therefore,a 3D CFD(computational fluid dynamics)model is presented in this paper and used to simulate the liquid spreading behavior in a kerf based on a VOF(volume of fluid)method with a CSF(continuum surface force)model,which is used to simulate multiphase flow,and an empirical correlation for characterizing the liquid dynamic contact angle using UDF(user defined functions).Subsequently,parametric simulations are performed on the kerf area,kerf width,liquid viscosity,liquid surface tension,and liquid velocity at the inlet area of the kerf,and verification experi-ments are conducted to determine the validity of the simulation model.From the simulation and experimental results,three typical liquid spreading regimes that exhibit different effects on wire sawing in the kerfs are found,and their limiting conditions are identified using non-dimensional analysis.Subsequently,a prediction model is pro-posed for the liquid spreading regime based on a set of Weber and Capillary numbers.For wire sawing,an increase in the wafer area does not change the liquid spreading regime in the kerf;however,a reduction in the kerf width sig-nificantly hinders the liquid spreading behavior.Thereby,the spreading regime can be effectively converted to facili-tate wire sawing by adjusting the physical properties and supply conditions of the liquid.

BIFURCATION CONTROL FOR A FRACTIONAL-ORDER DELAYED SEIR RUMOR SPREADING MODEL WITH INCOMMENSURATE ORDERS

A fractional-order delayed SEIR rumor spreading model with a nonlinear incidence function is established in this paper,and a novel strategy to control the bifurcation of this model is proposed.First,Hopf bifurcation is investigated by considering time delay as bifurcation parameter for the system without a feedback controller.Then,a state feedback controller is designed to control the occurrence of bifurcation in advance or to delay it by changing the parameters of the controller.Finally,in order to verify the theoretical results,some numerical simulations are given.

Spreading speed of a food-limited population model with delay

This paper is concerned with the spreading speed of a food-limited population model with delay.First,the existence of the solution of Cauchy problem is proved.Then,the spreading speed of solutions with compactly supported initial data is investigated by using the general Harnack inequality.Finally,we present some numerical simulations and investigate the dynamical behavior of the solution.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal sulphide from a submarine volcanic high at 18°36.4'S Central Lau Spreading Center, Southwest Pacific

We report the mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal sulphide from the crater of a volcanic high near 18°36.4′S of the Central Lau Spreading Center.During 1990s,that volcanic structure was reported active and sulphide samples were collected by MIR submersible.A section of a chimney-like structure from the crater-floor was studied here.The Fe-depleted sphalerites,and Co-depleted pyrites in that chimney were similar to those commonly found in low to moderate temperature(<300℃)sulphides from sediment-starved hydrothermal systems.Bulk analyses of three parts of that chimney section showed substantial enrichment of Zn(18%–20%)and Fe(14%–27%)but depletion of Cu(0.8%–1.3%).In chondrite-normalized rare earth element-patterns,the significant negative Ce-anomalies(Ce/Ce*=0.27–0.39)and weakly positive Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu*=1.60–1.68)suggested sulphide mineralisation took place from reduced low-temperature fluid.The depleted concentration of lithophiles in this sulphide indicates restricted contribution of sub-ducting plate in genesis of source fluid as compared to those from other parts of Lau Spreading Centre.Uniform mineralogy and bulk composition of subsamples across the chimney section suggests barely any alteration of fluid composition and/or mode of mineralisation occurred during its growth.

Topological phase transition in network spreading

This paper investigates information spreading from the perspective of topological phase transition.Firstly,a new hybrid network is constructed based on the small-world networks and scale-free networks.Secondly,the attention mechanism of online users in information spreading is studied from four aspects:social distance,individual influence,content richness,and individual activity,and a dynamic evolution model of connecting with spreading is designed.Eventually,numerical simulations are conducted in three types of networks to verify the validity of the proposed dynamic evolution model.The simulation results show that topological structure and node influence in different networks have undergone phase transition,which is consistent with the phenomenon that followers and individual influence in real social networks experience phase transition within a short period.The infection density of networks with the dynamic evolution rule changes faster and reaches higher values than that of networks without the dynamic evolution rule.Furthermore,the simulation results are compared with the real data,which shows that the infection density curve of the hybrid networks is closer to that of the real data than that of the small-world networks and scale-free networks,verifying the validity of the model proposed in this paper.

A New Model for Spreading Malware over SMS Using Network Automata

By the year 2026, it is estimated that the number of smartphone users in Mexico will be approximately 118.1 million. Each smartphone has the functionality of sending and receiving SMS (Short Message Service) messages, which pose a significant threat to all users, as it makes any device vulnerable to a malware attack. In particular, worm-type malware takes advantage of this means of communication in order to spread. Studying the dynamics of malware propagation can help understand and prevent massive contagion between mobile devices. In this work, a model based on Network Automata and compartmental epidemiological models is presented, aiming to simulate, analyze and study the spread of worm-like malware through sending SMS on smartphones.

Effects of non-liquefiable crust layer and superstructure mass on the response of 2×2 pile groups to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading

In this research,two shake table experiments were conducted to study the effects of non-liquefiable crust layer and superstructure mass on the responses of two sets of 22 pile groups to liquefactioninduced lateral spreading.In this regard,an inclined base layer overlain by a very loose liquefiable layer was constructed in both models;while only in one model,a non-liquefiable crust layer was built.A lumped mass,being representative of a superstructure,was attached to the cap of one pile group in both models.The models were fully instrumented with various sensors,including acceleration,displacement,and pore water pressure transducers.Also,the piles were instrumented with pair strain gauges to measure pure bending moments induced by cyclic and monotonic loadings associated with ground shaking and lateral spreading,respectively.The results showed that the existence of the non-liquefiable crust layer increases both the maximum and residual soil displacements at the free field and also the maximum bending moments in the piles.The results of the experiments indicated that the crust layer induces a high kinematic lateral soil pressure and force on the piles which are not present in the crustless case.The crust layer increases the pile cap displacement before liquefaction,albeit decreases it after liquefaction,due to the elastic rebound of the piles in the liquefiable layer.The crust layer postpones both liquefaction triggering and dissipation of excess pore water pressure.The existence of the superstructure mass on the pile caps decreases the acceleration amplitude of the pile caps,while increases their maximum displacement.

Resilience effects for household food expenditure and dietary diversity in rural western China

A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary decisions.This study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)model.Results show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to 2021.Households with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food choices.It can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood uncertainty.Thus,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management strategies.This,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.

How do the landslide and non-landslide sampling strategies impact landslide susceptibility assessment? d A catchment-scale case study from China

The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of the sampling strategy of landslide and non-landslide on the performance of landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA).The study area is the Feiyun catchment in Wenzhou City,Southeast China.Two types of landslides samples,combined with seven non-landslide sampling strategies,resulted in a total of 14 scenarios.The corresponding landslide susceptibility map(LSM)for each scenario was generated using the random forest model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and statistical indicators were calculated and used to assess the impact of the dataset sampling strategy.The results showed that higher accuracies were achieved when using the landslide core as positive samples,combined with non-landslide sampling from the very low zone or buffer zone.The results reveal the influence of landslide and non-landslide sampling strategies on the accuracy of LSA,which provides a reference for subsequent researchers aiming to obtain a more reasonable LSM.

The impact of Internet access on household dietary quality:Evidence from rural China

Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across China.The spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural areas.Existing research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’income.Beyond these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social welfare.However,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains scarce.This study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal analysis.Regression models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved heterogeneity.The estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy products.We also examine the underlying mechanisms.Internet access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food expenditure.These results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.

基于AHP和熵值法China Daily头版封面插画视觉感知评价研究

为了探索报纸插图视觉中哪些因素对读者产生影响,提升阅读者的视觉感知水平,以China Daily头版封面插画为例,从内容层、形式、功能感知三个维度,建构出审美艺术性、创意趣味性、风格独特性、符号内涵性、标题内容区分度、色调内容协调度、色调舒适度、明度舒适度、纯度舒适度、图形大小舒适度、图形造型舒适度、构图留白舒适度等24个指标。结合问卷调查,利用层次分析法和熵值法进行统计分析。研究得出:读者对于China Daily封面插画的感知评价由高到低依次为形式层感知、功能层感知、内容层感知;构图留白舒适度、阅读动态性、叙事直观性等因素对读者视觉感知影响较大;从优化读者文化继承性、字体设计协调度、主题明确性等方面入手,有助于提升读者的视觉阅读体验。

Large colonic lipoma with a laterally spreading tumor treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection:A case report

BACKGROUND Since fat does not transmit electrical energy well,delayed perforation and postpolypectomy syndrome due to electrical thermal injury are concerns in the endoscopic removal of colonic lipoma.The endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)technique concentrates electrical energy conducts to the submucosa,not the adipose tissue.This helps to minimize electrical thermal injury,especially in the case of large colonic lipomas.In rare cases,such as colonic lipomas accompanied by mucosal lesions,it is difficult for endoscopists to decide how to safely remove them.CASE SUMMARY A 78-year-old man underwent colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening.During colonoscopy,a yellowish submucosal tumor with positive cushion sign was observed in the ascending colon measuring about 4.5 cm.A nodular mucosal lesion of about 2.5 cm was observed on the mucosal surface of the lipoma.The lipoma was so large that it occupied much of the inside of the colon,making it difficult to see the entire laterally spreading tumor(LST)at once.The LST was confined to the surface of the lipoma,which had a semipedunculated shape with a wide neck.The margin of the LST was not observed at the neck of the lipoma.ESD was performed and the colonic lipoma with the LST was successfully removed without complications.After 3 d of hospitalization,the patient was discharged without any symptoms.The final pathology report showed that the lesion consisted of submucosal lipoma and tubulovillous adenoma with lowgrade dysplasia.CONCLUSION ESD is effective and safe for treating a large colonic lipoma with an LST by minimizing electrical thermal injury.

对外传播中的福州城市形象话语建构——以“十三五”期间China Daily报道为例

以“十三五”期间China Daily有关福州的报道为语料,以文化话语研究为理论框架,从话语主体、话语主题和话语形式三个方面探讨福州城市形象的话语建构。研究发现,总体上China Daily对外塑造了一个积极的福州城市形象,其中以文化形象最受关注。此外,与以往同类研究相比,样本媒体进一步传递了普通民众的声音,更多使用人物通讯的报道形式,从而更有效地对外讲述了福州故事、中国故事。本研究对城市形象的话语建构与国际传播具有现实意义。

Differences in spring precipitation over southern China associated with multiyear La Ni?a events

Composite analyses were performed in this study to reveal the difference in spring precipitation over southern China during multiyear La Ni?a events during 1901 to 2015. It was found that there is significantly below-normal precipitation during the first boreal spring, but above-normal precipitation during the second year. The difference in spring precipitation over southern China is correlative to the variation in western North Pacific anomalous cyclone(WNPC), which can in turn be attributed to the different sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) over the Tropical Pacific. The remote forcing of negative SSTA in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific and the local air-sea interaction in the western North Pacific are the usual causes of WNPC formation and maintenance.SSTA in the first spring is stronger than those in the second spring. As a result, the intensity of WNPC in the first year is stronger, which is more likely to reduce the moisture in southern China by changing the moisture transport, leading to prolonged precipitation deficits over southern China. However, the tropical SSTA signals in the second year are too weak to induce the formation and maintenance of WNPC and the below-normal precipitation over southern China. Thus, the variation in tropical SSTA signals between two consecutive springs during multiyear La Ni?a events leads to obvious differences in the spatial pattern of precipitation anomaly in southern China by causing the different WNPC response.