Cover story: Neuromodulation Brings Sunshine to Diseased Brains

Various invasive and non-invasive brain modulation methods are widely used to regulate sensory,cognitive,and motor functions both within local and large brain networks.This special issue provides innovative studies to optimize relevant methods and understand their neural mechanisms,paving the way for personalized neuromodulation of cognitive function.The cover of this issue uses the image of the four heavenly Kings in Chinese culture who are in charge of good weather.It compares the process of neuroregulation technology that integrates the principles of sound,light electricity or magnetism in treating the diseased brain,to the moment when these gods cast their spells to bring sunshine and peace to the human brain in the midst of lightning and thunder.

Authenticated Digital Currency Redaction with Stronger Privacy and Usability

With the promotion of digital currency,how to effectively solve the authenticity,privacy and usability of digital currency issuance has been a key problem.Redactable signature scheme(RSS)can provide the verification of the integrity and source of the generated sub-documents and solve the privacy problem in digital currency by removing blocks from the signed documents.Unfortunately,it has not realized the consolidation of signed documents,which can not solve the problem of merging two digital currencies.Now,we introduce the concept of weight based on the threshold secret sharing scheme(TSSS)and present a redactable signature scheme with merge algorithm(RSS-MA)using the quasi-commutative accumulator.Our scheme can reduce the communication overhead by utilizing the merge algorithm when transmitting multiple digital currency signatures.Furthermore,this can effectively hide the scale of users’private monetary assets and the number of transactions between users.While meeting the three properties of digital currency issuance,in order to ensure the availability of digital currency after redacting,editors shall not remove the relevant identification information block form digital currency.Finally,our security proof and the analysis of efficiency show that RSS-MA greatly improves the communication and computation efficiency when transmitting multiple signatures.

Spatiotemporal changes in sunshine duration and its influential factors in Chongqing,China from 1961 to 2020

The surface solar radiation in most parts of the world has undergone a phenomenon known as global dimming and brightening,characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase.As a result,the sunshine duration(SD)has decreased in the past 60 years.Against the backdrop of global dimming and brightening,SD has decreased to varying degrees in many regions of China.Using the observed data of SD,cloud amount(total cloud amount and low cloud amount,abbreviated as TCA and LCA),precipitation,and relative humidity(RH)from 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing during the period of 1961-2020,along with a digital elevation model(DEM)with a resolution of 90 m,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SD.The analysis employed methods such as linear regression,Mann-Kendall test,wavelet transformation,and DEM-based possible SD distributed model.The results showed that the annual SD in Chongqing has significantly decreased over the last 60 years,with a decreasing interannual trend rate(ITR)of 40.4 h/10a.Except for no obvious trend in spring,SD decreased significantly in summer,autumn and winter at the ITR of 21.1 h/10a,8.5 h/10a and 7.5 h/10a,respectively.An abrupt decrease in the annual SD was found in 1979.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The annual SD possessed the oscillation period of 11a.The spatial heterogeneity of the mean annual SD during the last 60 years was obvious.The distribution of SD in Chongqing is high in the northeast and low in the southeast.In addition,about 73%of the total area in Chongqing showed a significant and very significant decreasing trend.The regions with significant changes are mainly concentrated in the regions with altitudes of 200~1000 m.The increasing LCA was the main cause of the decrease of the annual SD in the regions with 200-400 m altitude decreased the most and changed the most.Increasing LCA is the primary cause of the reduction in annual SD,showing a strong negative correlation coefficient of-0.7292.In Chongqing,PM2.5 concentration showed a significant decrease trend in annual,spring,autumn and winter during 2000-2020,but the significant correlation between PM2.5 concentration and SD was only in autumn and reached an extremely significant level.

MBTI Assessment as Social Currency:A New Digital Cultural Phenomenon in the Meta-media Era

The MBTI assessment has become a hot topic online and a common method for netizens to identify themselves across China’s social platforms.These netizens generally consider the results of their MBTI assessments as personal emblems suitable for public display,leading to a remarkably widespread cultural phenomenon.Through structured interviews,this study has found that Internet users are experiencing a psychological crisis of identity due to the dual influences of technological embodiment and the meta-media ecology revolution.Moreover,their behavior on social platforms can be regarded as an invisible form of affective labor.To date,researchers have not paid adequate attention to the immense popularity of MBTI assessment in China,and they have not fully investigated whether MBTI assessment is a symbolic representation of the current identity crisis in the context of meta-media and digital labor.This study has two purposes:First,this study aims to explore whether the dynamic interactions of the MBTI assessment are a form of social currency.Second,it aims to construct an MBTI topic production chain to help understand MBTI’s underlying mechanisms regarding the interactions,the reasons behind its popularity,and the reflection on broader social phenomena.

Estimation of Daily Global Solar Radiation with Different Sunshine-Based Models for Some Burundian Stations

Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations include the Ångström-Prescott linear model and four amongst its derivatives, i.e. logarithmic, exponential, power and quadratic functions. Monthly mean values of daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration data for a period of 20 to 23 years, from the Geographical Institute of Burundi (IGEBU), have been used. For any of the six stations, ten single or double linear regressions have been developed from the above-said five functions, to relate in terms of monthly mean values, the daily clearness index () to each of the next two kinds of relative sunshine duration (RSD): and . In those ratios, G0, S0 and stand for the extraterrestrial daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface, the day length and the modified day length taking into account the natural site’s horizon, respectively. According to the calculated mean values of the clearness index and the RSD, each station experiences a high number of fairly clear (or partially cloudy) days. Estimated values of the dependent variable (y) in each developed linear regression, have been compared to measured values in terms of the coefficients of correlation (R) and of determination (R2), the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the t-statistics. Mean values of these statistical indicators have been used to rank, according to decreasing performance level, firstly the ten developed equations per station on account of the overall six stations, secondly the six stations on account of the overall ten equations. Nevertheless, the obtained values of those indicators lay in the next ranges for all the developed sixty equations:;;;, with . These results lead to assert that any of the sixty developed linear regressions (and thus equations in terms of and ), fits very adequately measured data, and should be used to estimate monthly average daily global solar radiation with sunshine duration for the relevant station. It is also found that using as RSD, is slightly more advantageous than using for estimating the monthly average daily clearness index, . Moreover, values of statistical indicators of this study match adequately data from other works on the same kinds of empirical equations.

The Impact of Financial Technology and Digital Currency on Traditional Financial Industry

To harness the potential of financial technology and digital currency and enhance the competitiveness of the traditional financial industry,this paper briefly elucidates the concepts of financial technology and digital currency,along with their current development status.Furthermore,it analyzes the impact of financial technology and digital currency on the traditional financial industry,aiming to enrich research outcomes in this field and propel the development of traditional financial institutions in China.

Research on the Development Strategy of Panxi Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestays and Hotels Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation

This study is the first phase of research results from the student innovation project“Yunqiao Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestay”group at Chengdu Normal University.By analyzing the current state of the Sunshine Health and Wellness Tourism Area economy in the Panxi region of Sichuan,local policies,and the current state of Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels,this paper proposes the possibility of developing Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels through traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health preservation methods.It also proposes development strategies for such hotels through a market survey SWOT analysis.

Upside and downside correlated jump risk premia of currency options and expected returns

This research explores upside and downside jumps in the dynamic processes of three rates:domestic interest rates,foreign interest rates,and exchange rates.To fill the gap between the asymmetric jump in the currency market and the current models,a correlated asymmetric jump model is proposed to capture the co-movement of the correlated jump risks for the three rates and identify the correlated jump risk premia.The likelihood ratio test results show that the new model performs best in 1-,3-,6-,and 12-month maturities.The in-and out-of-sample test results indicate that the new model can capture more risk factors with relatively small pricing errors.Finally,the risk factors captured by the new model can explain the exchange rate fluctuations for various economic events.

Sovereign default network and currency risk premia

We construct a sovereign default network by employing high-dimensional vector autoregressions obtained by analyzing connectedness in sovereign credit default swap markets.We develop four measures of centrality,namely,degree,betweenness,closeness,and eigenvector centralities,to detect whether network properties drive the currency risk premia.We observe that closeness and betweenness centralities can negatively drive currency excess returns but do not exhibit a relationship with forward spread.Thus,our developed network centralities are independent of an unconditional carry trade risk factor.Based on our findings,we develop a trading strategy by taking a long position on peripheral countries’currencies and a short position on core coun-tries’currencies.The aforementioned strategy generates a higher Sharpe ratio than the currency momentum strategy.Our proposed strategy is robust to foreign exchange regimes and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Integration of the Sunshine Sports Concept in Taekwondo Teaching in Colleges and Universities

Sunshine Sports has played a significant role in promoting the teaching of Taekwondo in colleges and universities.By analyzing the connection between the Sunshine Sports concept and Taekwondo teaching,the characteristics of the Sunshine Sports concept in Taekwondo teaching in colleges and universities are discussed.This article expounds on the influencing factors in implementing the Sunshine Sports concept and discusses how to carry out scientific and reasonable teaching methods.

我院护士人文精神培养Sunshine模式的实践与成效

本文介绍了目前我国护士人文精神现状,论述了Sunshine模式构建背景与具体内涵,继而从该模式的8个方面介绍了我院在实施Sunshine模式时所采取的措施,阐述了每一项措施的意义和具体做法,最后分析了该模式给护士、医院和患者带来的初步成效。

基于多层次复杂概念网络生成方法的Sunshine图发现《伤寒论》小便相关方证知识

目的:通过建立基于多层次复杂概念网络生成方法的Sunshine图,发现《伤寒论》小便相关方证知识。方法:收集《伤寒论》小便方证相关的条文39条,进行规范化表达,建立数据库,构建多层次复杂概念网络图,绘制Sunshine图,并从图中进行模式发现,从而总结《伤寒论》小便相关方证的内涵规律。结果:生成的小便相关方剂-证候Sunshine图集合了44个对象(即方剂)和191个属性(即证候),并能可视化表达小便相关的方剂-证候关系。结论:基于多层次复杂概念网络生成方法的Sunshine图应用于方证知识发现,对传统中医经典传承知识发现有一定的借鉴意义。

Analysis on the Change Law and Meteorological Factor of Sunshine Duration in Dalian City in Recent 60 Years

[Objective] The change law and meteorological factor of sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years were studied.[Method] Based on the statistical data of sunshine duration from base station in Dalian City from 1951 to 2009,the annual,seasonal,and monthly variation of sunshine duration in recent 60 years were analyzed,as well as its relationship with meteorological factors,and sunshine duration was detected by means of climate mutation theory.[Result] Annual sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years showed decrease trend on the whole,and its climatic variation rate was-3.31 h/a,with larger annual variation,namely the difference between maximum value(1978) and minimum value(2003) reached 681 h;there was obvious seasonal variation in sunshine duration,with the order of autumn>summer>winter>spring,and their climatic variation rate were-1.18,-1.15,-0.91 and-0.62 h/a;except for March,sunshine duration in each month went down,especially October,while there was slight increase in March;sunshine percentage had inverse correlation relationship with total cloudiness,relative humidity and heavy fog days;annual sunshine duration reduced abruptly around 1983.[Conclusion] Our study could provide scientific foundation for the development of agriculture and forestry in Dalian City.

英语歌曲You Are My Sunshine为什么那么成功?--基于经验功能分析的一-种解读

由吉米.戴维斯和查尔斯.米切尔合作谱曲填词、吉米.戴维斯在1940年2月4日录制的英语歌曲You Are My Sunshine在当时非常流行,甚至成了英国国王乔治六世的最爱。它为什么那么成功?目前,歌曲的语言学研究有一些,但尚无对这首歌词的分析。本文运用系统功能语法的经验功能对它进行分析后发现,与现有研究发现的歌曲以物质过程为主不同,这首歌词的过程类型以心理过程和关系过程为主,所有过程都是表达爱意的心理活动和双方关系的典型动词,令人倍感亲切和难忘,这是这首歌曲成功的语言因素之一。此外,文章还就分析结论及其不足等方面进行了一些简单的讨论。

Study on the Changes of Precipitation and Sunshine in Shenyang from 1951 to 2009

Based on the data of precipitation in Shenyang from 1951 to 2009,the variation characteristics of precipitation and sunshine hours in Shenyang in recent 59 years were analyzed and studied comprehensively from different time scales of annual,seasonal and monthly,etc..And the relationship between the precipitation and sunshine duration was analyzed.It was concluded that the changes of precipitation between years is big,the distribution of the precipitation among four seasons is uneven,and the overall change trend of the precipitation is in downward from 1951 to 2009.It was also found that the sunshine duration changes are generally in decreased trend.

Selection of Cotton Variety Suitable for Cottonwheat Intercropping in Rainy and Poor Sunshine Years

The year of 2013 is a typical rainy and poor sunshine year, and the monthly sunshine hours from May to October were all lower than the average, which from July to September was only 69.3%,71.1% and 56.2% of average, respectively. In cotton-wheat system 10 cotton varieties （lines） were planted to select the most suitable varieties for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years through investigating cotton growing traits in 2013. The results showed that in cotton-wheat system the vegetative growth of cotton was mainly from late June to middle July especially in rainy and poor sunshine years. And with the increase of the cotton growth period the peak of vegetative growth delayed, the ratio of the autumn bolls increased, and the ratio of pre-frost yield decreased. In all the varieties unginned cottonyield of Zhongmiansuo 50 with shorter growth period, higher rate of summer bolls and better fiber quality, seed yield reached 3 814.1 kg/hm2, higher than that of other varieties （lines） significantly, and the rate of pre-frost yield reached 83.4%, which was the most suitable variety for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years.

A Warm Reading of Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town

Stephen Leacock(1869-1944) is one of the founding parents of Canadian letters and literature. In the early 20thcentury, his reputation as a humorist and a political economist was not limited by the boundaries of Canada but spread around the world. As one of his works, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town has attracted world-wide admiration. It is a series of vignettes dramatizing the comedy of day-to-day life in Mariposa. It is bathed in the warm sunshine for all of us to laugh at as one of us remembers the little towns we might have known or come from. As a matter of fact, Leacock employs several techniques in his writing for humorous effect. This paper elaborates on the auther and the work, and makes an analysis on the character—Smith.

“Sunshine”女团走红:励志or炒作?

辩话题2016年春节期间,一个名叫＂Sunshine＂的女生团体在微博上宣布＂出道＂,并迅速走红。她们的首支单曲《甜蜜具现式》被网友顶上了酷狗新歌榜第一位,其官方微博更是在短时间内吸粉34万人。然而,与其他高颜值的女团不同的是,＂Sunshine＂由五位来自安徽的、长相十分普通的高一女生组成,＂Sunshine＂也因此被网友吐槽为＂史上最丑女团＂。对于＂Sunshine＂女团的走红,网友褒贬不一。

Similarities in Terms of Humor in Characterization as Seen in Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town andThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

This thesis attempts to investigate the humor in characterization in two novels,Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town by a Canadian writer Stephen Leacock and The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn by an American writer Mark Twain.Through comparison of characterization inthese two great works,the lively and funny appearances,psychological development and humorousconducts of the characters come to life.It does help readers have a thorough understanding of thehumor created by these two masters of realism in the worldwide literature.

Deriving the slope-mean shielded astronomical solar radiation spectrum and slope-mean possible sunshine duration spectrum over the Loess Plateau

Solar radiation is often shielded by terrain relief, especially in mountainous areas, before reaching the surface of the Earth. The objective of this paper is to study the spatial structures of the shielded astronomical solar radiation(SASR) and the possible sunshine duration(PSD) over the Loess Plateau. To this end, we chose six test areas representing different landforms over the Loess Plateau and the software package of Matlab was used as the main computing platform. In each test area, 5-m-resolution digital elevation model established from 1:10,000 scale topographic maps was used to compute the corresponding slope, SASR and PSD. Then, we defined the concepts of the slope-mean SASR spectrum and the slope-mean PSD spectrum, and proposed a method to extract them from the computed slope, SASR and PSD over rectangular analysis windows. Using this method, we found both spectrums in a year or in a season for each of the four seasons in the six test areas. Each spectrum was found only when the area of the corresponding rectangular analysis window was greater than the corresponding stable area of the spectrum. The values of the two spectrums decreased when the slope increased.Furthermore, the values of the stable areas of the spectrums in a year or in a season were positively correlated with the variable coefficients of the slope or the profile curvature. The values of the stable areas of the two spectrums in a year or in a season may represent the minimum value of test areas for corresponding future research on the spatial structures of the SASR or PSD. All the findings herein suggest that the spatial structures of the PSD and the SASR are caused by the interactions between solar radiation and terrain relief and that the method for extracting either spectrum is effective for detecting their spatial structures. This study may deepen our understanding of the spatial structure of solar radiation and help us further explore the distribution of solar energy in mountainous regions.