Background: Nurses providing end-of-life care play an important role in providing support to both the patient and his/her family during one of their most difficult time. Patients in this stage do not only require phys...Background: Nurses providing end-of-life care play an important role in providing support to both the patient and his/her family during one of their most difficult time. Patients in this stage do not only require physical care but emotional support as well. Aside from being a care provider, nurses should be able to utilize their knowledge in therapeutic communication in order for the patients and his/her family members to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify whether nurses project sympathy or empathy while providing end-of-life care. It also aims to determine their lived experiences while proving care at this stage. Methodology: This study utilized the mixed convergent parallel design wherein both the quantitative research and qualitative research were employed. Result and Discussion: A factor analysis was conducted on 12 items with maximum likelihood extraction method and oblique (Promax) rotation method. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure verified the sampling adequacy for the analysis, KMO = 0.792 (“meritorious” according to Kaiser (1974)). Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ2 (66) = 1007.294, p α = 0.881, sympathy α = 0.804, and cognitive empathy α = 0.728). Correlations among the factors were r = 0.315 for affective empathy and sympathy, r = 0.295 for sympathy and cognitive empathy, and r = 0.356 for affective empathy and cognitive empathy. Emergent key themes and subthemes are based on participants’ responses. The key themes are heart-touching moments of nurses in providing end-of-life care, challenges encountered by nurses in providing end-of-life care and adaptive strategies used by nurses to the challenges they face in providing end-of-life care. Conclusion: Most nurses during end-of-life care express affective empathy, followed by sympathy and lastly cognitive empathy. Nurses are encouraged to show and practice affective and cognitive empathy rather than using sympathy in caring patient and dealing with family member in the end-of-life situations. Despite the challenges that nurses faced, they are able to provide quality care by utilizing several adaptive strategies such as listening and understanding, showing empathy, providing holistic care, being spiritual and being aware of the role as caregiver.展开更多
This essay will investigate the differences between the ways George Eliot’s protagonist,Latimer,and Cajal’s protagonist,Juan Fernández,handle the extraordinary visions they are given.In“The Lifted Veil”by Geo...This essay will investigate the differences between the ways George Eliot’s protagonist,Latimer,and Cajal’s protagonist,Juan Fernández,handle the extraordinary visions they are given.In“The Lifted Veil”by George Eliot,Latimer acquires a gift of clairvoyance,which enables him to see others’thoughts.Similarly,in“The Corrected Pessimist,”a novella in Cajal’s story collection—Vacation Stories,Juan acquires microscopic eyes,which enable him to lift the veil of reality and in turn that of the human mind.While Juan learns to zoom in on the beauty of the human mind and to use his appreciation of its beauty to understand its flaws,Latimer excessively zooms in on the dark side of the human mind and fails to sympathize with others.In comparing the different ways in which Latimer and Juan employ their microscopic visions,this essay aims to prove that Eliot and Cajal,though through contrasting ways,both highlight how important is shifting perspectives to cultivate one’s sympathy.展开更多
文摘Background: Nurses providing end-of-life care play an important role in providing support to both the patient and his/her family during one of their most difficult time. Patients in this stage do not only require physical care but emotional support as well. Aside from being a care provider, nurses should be able to utilize their knowledge in therapeutic communication in order for the patients and his/her family members to verbalize their feelings and concerns. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify whether nurses project sympathy or empathy while providing end-of-life care. It also aims to determine their lived experiences while proving care at this stage. Methodology: This study utilized the mixed convergent parallel design wherein both the quantitative research and qualitative research were employed. Result and Discussion: A factor analysis was conducted on 12 items with maximum likelihood extraction method and oblique (Promax) rotation method. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure verified the sampling adequacy for the analysis, KMO = 0.792 (“meritorious” according to Kaiser (1974)). Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ2 (66) = 1007.294, p α = 0.881, sympathy α = 0.804, and cognitive empathy α = 0.728). Correlations among the factors were r = 0.315 for affective empathy and sympathy, r = 0.295 for sympathy and cognitive empathy, and r = 0.356 for affective empathy and cognitive empathy. Emergent key themes and subthemes are based on participants’ responses. The key themes are heart-touching moments of nurses in providing end-of-life care, challenges encountered by nurses in providing end-of-life care and adaptive strategies used by nurses to the challenges they face in providing end-of-life care. Conclusion: Most nurses during end-of-life care express affective empathy, followed by sympathy and lastly cognitive empathy. Nurses are encouraged to show and practice affective and cognitive empathy rather than using sympathy in caring patient and dealing with family member in the end-of-life situations. Despite the challenges that nurses faced, they are able to provide quality care by utilizing several adaptive strategies such as listening and understanding, showing empathy, providing holistic care, being spiritual and being aware of the role as caregiver.
文摘This essay will investigate the differences between the ways George Eliot’s protagonist,Latimer,and Cajal’s protagonist,Juan Fernández,handle the extraordinary visions they are given.In“The Lifted Veil”by George Eliot,Latimer acquires a gift of clairvoyance,which enables him to see others’thoughts.Similarly,in“The Corrected Pessimist,”a novella in Cajal’s story collection—Vacation Stories,Juan acquires microscopic eyes,which enable him to lift the veil of reality and in turn that of the human mind.While Juan learns to zoom in on the beauty of the human mind and to use his appreciation of its beauty to understand its flaws,Latimer excessively zooms in on the dark side of the human mind and fails to sympathize with others.In comparing the different ways in which Latimer and Juan employ their microscopic visions,this essay aims to prove that Eliot and Cajal,though through contrasting ways,both highlight how important is shifting perspectives to cultivate one’s sympathy.
