The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health establishment.In h...The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health establishment.In healthcare establishments in the Congo,the following are recognised as being responsible for medical care:specialist doctors,doctors,midwives,nurses and care assistants.The patient’s family and close friends are responsible for looking after the patient and financing care.The hospital infrastructure does not provide any space for the patient warden who accompany the patient during reception and hospitalisation.This makes Congolese hospitals inefficient for patient care.How can we integrate the function of the Sick guard and the assistance of the family,in order to reduce the mortality rate and repair the harm caused to patients requiring the presence of relatives during their stay in hospital,which is considered to be a dangerous place?This article examines the functional principles for configuring the space that patient warden would occupy in the patient care system.On the basis of a documentary analysis of sociological and architectural studies of existing facilities,this article proposes a typical accommodation model with the spaces needed to ensure the well-being and effectiveness of the patient warden with the patient.These are rooms with minimum space for 2 to 4 individual beds,equipped with toilets and showers.The accommodation has a dining area,kitchen and laundry facilities.In the future,this accommodation will become part of the hospital estate and may be occupied by orderlies and patient warden recruited by the hospital administration.展开更多
Most intestinal parasites are cosmopolitan with the highest prevalence in the tropics and subtopics. Rural-to-urban migration rapidly increases the number of food eating places in towns and their environs. Some of the...Most intestinal parasites are cosmopolitan with the highest prevalence in the tropics and subtopics. Rural-to-urban migration rapidly increases the number of food eating places in towns and their environs. Some of these eating estabishments have poor sanitation and are overcrowded, facilitating disease transmission, especially through food-handling. Our investigations in Nairobi, therefore, were set to determine the presence of intestinal parasites in food-handlers with valid medical certificates. Direct and concentrated stool processing techniques were used. Chisquare test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were observed in certified food-handlers. Significant difference was found in parasite frequency by eating classes and gender （χ^2 = 9.49, P = 0.73）, （F = 1.495, P = 0.297）, but not in parasite occurrence between age brackets （χ^2 = 6.99, P = 0.039）. The six-month medical certificate validity period may contribute significantly to the presence of intestinal parasites in certified food-handlers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma is extremely rare in clinical practice.These cells consist of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells.Patient-derived cell lines that maintain tumor characteristics are...BACKGROUND Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma is extremely rare in clinical practice.These cells consist of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells.Patient-derived cell lines that maintain tumor characteristics are valuable tools for studying the molecular mechanisms associated with carcinosarcoma.However,cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma cell lines are not available in cell banks.AIM To establish and characterize a new extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma cell line,namely CBC2T-2.METHODS We conducted a short tandem repeat(STR)test to confirm the identity of the CBC2T-2 cell line.Furthermore,we assessed the migratory and invasive properties of the cells and performed clonogenicity assay to evaluate the ability of individual cells to form colonies.The tumorigenic potential of CBC2T-2 cells was tested in vivo using nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient(NOD/SCID)mice.The cells were injected subcutaneously and tumor formation was observed.In addition,immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to examine the expression of epithelial marker CK19 and mesenchymal marker vimentin in both CBC2T-2 cells and xenografts.The CBC2T-2 cell line was used to screen the potential therapeutic effects of various clinical agents in patients with cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma.Lastly,whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify genetic alterations and screen for somatic mutations in the CBC2T-2 cell line.RESULTS The STR test showed that there was no cross-contamination and the results were identical to those of the original tissue.The cells showed round or oval-shaped epithelioid cells and mesenchymal cells with spindle-shaped or elongated morphology.The cells exhibited a high proliferation ratio with a doubling time of 47.11 h.This cell line has migratory,invasive,and clonogenic abilities.The chromosomes in the CBC2T-2 cells were polyploidy,with numbers ranging from 69 to 79.The subcutaneous tumorigenic assay confirmed the in vivo tumorigenic ability of CBC2T-2 cells in NOD/SCID mice.CBC2T-2 cells and xenografts were positive for both the epithelial marker,CK19,and the mesenchymal marker,vimentin.These results suggest that CBC2T-2 cells may have both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics.The cells were also used to screen clinical agents in patients with cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma,and a combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine was found to be the most effective treatment option.CONCLUSION We established the first human cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma cell line,CBC2T-2,with stable biogenetic traits.This cell line,as a research model,has a high clinical value and would facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma.展开更多
文摘The results of scientific studies of human social facts in the field of health show that the management of a patient should involve the patient’s entourage,whatever the status or size of the health establishment.In healthcare establishments in the Congo,the following are recognised as being responsible for medical care:specialist doctors,doctors,midwives,nurses and care assistants.The patient’s family and close friends are responsible for looking after the patient and financing care.The hospital infrastructure does not provide any space for the patient warden who accompany the patient during reception and hospitalisation.This makes Congolese hospitals inefficient for patient care.How can we integrate the function of the Sick guard and the assistance of the family,in order to reduce the mortality rate and repair the harm caused to patients requiring the presence of relatives during their stay in hospital,which is considered to be a dangerous place?This article examines the functional principles for configuring the space that patient warden would occupy in the patient care system.On the basis of a documentary analysis of sociological and architectural studies of existing facilities,this article proposes a typical accommodation model with the spaces needed to ensure the well-being and effectiveness of the patient warden with the patient.These are rooms with minimum space for 2 to 4 individual beds,equipped with toilets and showers.The accommodation has a dining area,kitchen and laundry facilities.In the future,this accommodation will become part of the hospital estate and may be occupied by orderlies and patient warden recruited by the hospital administration.
文摘Most intestinal parasites are cosmopolitan with the highest prevalence in the tropics and subtopics. Rural-to-urban migration rapidly increases the number of food eating places in towns and their environs. Some of these eating estabishments have poor sanitation and are overcrowded, facilitating disease transmission, especially through food-handling. Our investigations in Nairobi, therefore, were set to determine the presence of intestinal parasites in food-handlers with valid medical certificates. Direct and concentrated stool processing techniques were used. Chisquare test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were observed in certified food-handlers. Significant difference was found in parasite frequency by eating classes and gender （χ^2 = 9.49, P = 0.73）, （F = 1.495, P = 0.297）, but not in parasite occurrence between age brackets （χ^2 = 6.99, P = 0.039）. The six-month medical certificate validity period may contribute significantly to the presence of intestinal parasites in certified food-handlers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82060551and Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and Technology Planning Project,No.2019JSCX0092.
文摘BACKGROUND Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma is extremely rare in clinical practice.These cells consist of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells.Patient-derived cell lines that maintain tumor characteristics are valuable tools for studying the molecular mechanisms associated with carcinosarcoma.However,cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma cell lines are not available in cell banks.AIM To establish and characterize a new extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma cell line,namely CBC2T-2.METHODS We conducted a short tandem repeat(STR)test to confirm the identity of the CBC2T-2 cell line.Furthermore,we assessed the migratory and invasive properties of the cells and performed clonogenicity assay to evaluate the ability of individual cells to form colonies.The tumorigenic potential of CBC2T-2 cells was tested in vivo using nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient(NOD/SCID)mice.The cells were injected subcutaneously and tumor formation was observed.In addition,immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to examine the expression of epithelial marker CK19 and mesenchymal marker vimentin in both CBC2T-2 cells and xenografts.The CBC2T-2 cell line was used to screen the potential therapeutic effects of various clinical agents in patients with cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma.Lastly,whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify genetic alterations and screen for somatic mutations in the CBC2T-2 cell line.RESULTS The STR test showed that there was no cross-contamination and the results were identical to those of the original tissue.The cells showed round or oval-shaped epithelioid cells and mesenchymal cells with spindle-shaped or elongated morphology.The cells exhibited a high proliferation ratio with a doubling time of 47.11 h.This cell line has migratory,invasive,and clonogenic abilities.The chromosomes in the CBC2T-2 cells were polyploidy,with numbers ranging from 69 to 79.The subcutaneous tumorigenic assay confirmed the in vivo tumorigenic ability of CBC2T-2 cells in NOD/SCID mice.CBC2T-2 cells and xenografts were positive for both the epithelial marker,CK19,and the mesenchymal marker,vimentin.These results suggest that CBC2T-2 cells may have both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics.The cells were also used to screen clinical agents in patients with cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma,and a combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine was found to be the most effective treatment option.CONCLUSION We established the first human cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma cell line,CBC2T-2,with stable biogenetic traits.This cell line,as a research model,has a high clinical value and would facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma sarcoma.
