文明1(civilized)、文明2(civilization)、文明3(civitas)——论“文明”一词的三种不同含义

学术界对于“什么是文明”存有争议的原因,是把文明(civilized)、文明社会(civilization)和国家(civitas)三个不同的概念混为一谈造成的。“文明1”大致相当于英语civilized(文明的)。文化是人群的生活方式,但是不仅彬彬有礼、琴棋书画、轻歌曼舞、美味佳肴是文化,愚昧粗鲁、恶俗陋习、野风蛮舞、吃糠咽菜也是生活方式,所以文明1不完全等同于文化,而只有被认可与受推崇的文化才被称为文明。无论古今中外,作为文化的文明1都是褒义的,文明1即“文明”的本义,也是对文化的价值判断。“文明2”相当于英语civilization(文明社会),摩尔根用以指称继蒙昧社会与野蛮社会之后出现的、高于蒙昧与野蛮状态的社会阶段。作为社会形态的文明2当然比蒙昧与野蛮社会要进步,但是文明社会并非一切都是文明的,其中充斥着种种不文明的蒙昧与野蛮,所以不能说文明2就是“文明的”社会。“文明3”相当于英语civitas(国家),是中国学者根据恩格斯的“国家是文明社会的概括”得出的概念,系指继部落联盟或酋邦之后出现的社会组织形态。因为不同国家的国体与政体各不相同,有了国家之后并非一切都变得比野蛮社会更文明了,所以作为国家的文明3也不都是“文明的”国家。

Civil3d技术在河道治理中的应用分析

为了切实加强水环境保护及水资源管理与利用,近年来我国一直在加快和加大力度落实河道治理,要想保证河道治理达到预期效果,并最大程度提高河道治理工程生态效益,首先要确保河道治理设计与施工方案的科学合理性,可见借助现代化技术手段,优化和改进河道治理设计与规划是很有必要的。基于此本文首先进行Civil3d技术的梳理与说明,继而详细分析Civil3D软件在某河道治理项目的具体应用,旨在与相关工作人员相互交流、共同探讨。

CIVILIZATIONAL EMBRACE“Only by comprehending the beauty of other civilizations can we appreciate the beauty of our own.”

Li Xinwei was in a tropical rainforest in Honduras,Central America,when we reached him for an interview.He was on an archaeological mission at the site of Copan,a once glorious city of the ancient Mayan civilization.As the Chinese director of a China-Honduras joint project on archaeological research of the Mayan civilization in Copan and the studies of Mesoamerican civilization led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS),Li has been heading the joint archaeological team excavating the Copan ruins since 2015.

Mutural Learning Among Civilizations with Great Rivers as the Medium 2023 World Great Rivers Civilizations Forum

The 2023World Great Rivers Civilizations Forum(Zhengzhou,China)was organized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,People's Daily,the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Henan Provincial People's Government.

Liangzhu Forum Creates a New Platform for Exchanges Among Civilizations

On December 3,2023,the first Liangzhu Forum was held in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.Participants from home and abroad spoke freely and engaged in in-depth discussions to enhance dialogue and exchanges between Chinese civilization and other civilizations in the world,and promote the transformation of the Global Civilization Initiatives from an ideological concept to a practical action.Participants agreed that the Site of Liangzhu is the solid evidence of China's 5,oo0-year history of civilization and a treasure of world civilization,and that the Liangzhu Forum is of great significance for understanding the charm of the ancient civilization。

Modernization and the Diversity of Human Rights Among Civilizations--Review of the 2023 China-europe Seminar on Human Rights

Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress.Respect for and protection of human rights are basic principles of modern civilization.Around the world,countries and regions have chosen different paths to modernization,which are rooted in their unique civilizations.to promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations,facilitate human rights exchanges and cooperation between different countries,and advance the global development of human rights,on September 20,2023,the 2023 China-europe Seminar on Human Rights was held in Rome,the capital of Italy.Under the theme of“Modernization and the Diversity of Human Rights Among Civilizations,”the seminar focused on discussing topics such as exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations and the development of modern human rights philosophy,modernization and the free and well-rounded development of every person,sustainable development in the process of modernization,and the evolution of the civilization of human rights in the digital age.participants reached the following consensuses at the event:First,the participants from various countries spoke highly of the great achievements that China has made in human rights cause and fully recognized China’s contributions in promoting the development and progress of the global human rights cause;Second,the participants from all countries agreed that it is necessary to discard the concept of“Western-centrism,”transcend the mindset of“cultural superiority,”promote human rights exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations on the basis of equality and mutual respect,and inject new impetus into the diversity of human rights among civilizations;third,participants reaffirmed that human rights represent an open concept,and that we should discuss the development of human rights with an open mind and jointly promote the progress of human rights in the world.

基于Civil 3D部件编辑器的矿山排土场参数化设计研究

近年来,民用建筑行业BIM技术得到迅速发展,将其应用于有色冶金矿山设计工作势在必行,改变以往人工计算、应用AutoCAD插件出图的现状。为实现排土场参数化设计,结合排土场设计经验和计算机语言,基于Civil 3D部件编辑器(SAC)研究了参数化设计流程;针对排土场横断面形式,创建了多级边坡部件参数化模型,实现了快速建模、三维模型到二维图纸的转换以及排土场库容精确计算。基于SAC的排土场三维参数化设计技术促进了设计效率和精度的提升,总结形成了参数化设计技术在排土场设计过程中的应用流程,为类似项目提供参考。

基于Civil3D在道路交叉口正向设计的研究与应用

针对目前BIM正向设计所存在的出图效率低、设计工具操作不习惯、数据互通丢失率高等问题,结合某二级公路交叉口,将Civil 3D作为其正向设计的工具,开展基于Civil 3D在道路交叉口正向设计的研究,对道路交叉设计、道路优化、三维可视化等方面进行关键技术研究。研究结果表明,通过对地形数据优化分析,生成三维地形曲面,结合Civil 3D智能化、智慧化设计的特点,生成施工图级别的正向设计成果。工程应用结果表明,使用Civil 3D进行道路交叉口的正向设计,可以提高设计效率、减少设计错误、考虑不全面等问题,减少后期因为施工、地质突发情况对设计变更的影响。

Exploring the Applications of Digital Twin Technology in Enhancing Sustainability in Civil Engineering:A Review

With the advent of the big data era and the rise of Industrial Revolution 4.0,digital twins(DTs)have gained sig-nificant attention in various industries.DTs offer the opportunity to combine the physical and digital worlds and aid the digital transformation of the civil engineering industry.In this paper,605 documents obtained from the search werefirst analysed using CiteSpace for literature visualisation,and an author co-occurrence network,a keyword co-occurrence network,and a keyword clustering set were obtained.Next,through a literature review of 86 papers,this paper summarises the current status of DT application in civil engineering based on a review of the origins,concepts,and implementation techniques of DTs,and it introduces the application of DTs in the full project lifecycle.This study shows that DTs have great potential to address many of the challenges faced by civil engineering.In this regard,the paper also presents some thoughts on the future directions of DT research.

基于Civil 3D进行符合国标的超高加宽设计

BIM的快速发展为道路设计提供了新的发展契机。作为一款成熟的道路设计BIM软件,无论是设计规范,还是装配部件,Civil 3D都支持自主定义,这为道路行业BIM的发展提供了一个很好的设计平台。在各等级道路中,道路的超高加宽设计对于行车的安全性与舒适性至关重要,但是在进行路线超高加宽设计时,Civil 3D所依托的是美国标准规范。为了让设计更适合中国道路实际情况,根据中国路线设计规范修编Civil 3D的超高加宽设计文件是至关重要的,可以为中国标准下的公路行业BIM设计发展提供一定的帮助。

The Positive Significance of Confucian Civilization in Peace Building

The Confucian emphasis on benevolence and empathy can be applied in conflict resolution processes.When parties in conflict embrace these values,it becomes easier to find common ground,compromise,and work towards peaceful solutions.Confucian civilization,with its emphasis on ethics,harmony,and diplomacy,offers valuable contributions to peace-building efforts in the contemporary world.By promoting virtuous leadership,fostering cross-cultural understanding,and emphasizing ethical governance,Confucianism can play a positive role in achieving and maintaining global peace.Confucianism continues to exert significant influence in the contemporary world,particularly in the context of peace-building efforts.This article explores the positive significance of Confucian civilization in contributing to peace-building endeavors globally.

Association between Mental Health Literacy and Workplace Well-Being of Chinese Grassroots Civil Servants:The Chain Mediating Effects of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Resilience

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health literacy(MHL)and workplace well-being(WWB)of Chinese grassroots civil servants,with regulatory emotional self-efficacy(RESE)and resilience as mediating variables.A questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese grassroots civil servants,with a valid sample size of 2673 after excluding missing values and conducting relevant data processing.The PROCESS was used to examine the relationship between MHL,RESE,resilience,and WWB.The study found that MHL among grassroots civil servants was positively and significantly correlated with WWB(r=0.73,p<0.01).RESE partially mediated the relationship between MHL and WWB(β=0.25,95%CI[0.22,0.28]).Resilience partially mediated the relationship between MHL and WWB(β=0.22,95%CI[0.19,0.26]).MHL had a positive effect on WWB through the chain mediating effect of RESE and resilience(β=0.05,95%CI[0.03,0.07]).There is a close relationship between MHL and WWB,where Chinese grassroots civil servants with higher levels of MHL can develop stronger RESE and resilience,leading to higher WWB.The results of this study remind organizational institutions of Chinese grassroots civil servants that enhancing MHL,RESE,and resilience is an important pathway to promoting their WWB.

基于Midas Civil的桥梁承载力检算分析

文章以衡山路跨陇海立交桥第1联边跨、中跨受力最不利梁为工程研究案例,基于Midas Civil有限元软件对桥梁承载力进行检算分析,并介绍桥梁工程检算参数取值。通过Midas Civil建立桥梁模型,模拟桥梁结构和荷载,对比分析桥梁元结构的承载能力和桥梁实际承载能力,结果表明该桥梁结构满足规范荷载等级使用要求。研究可为同类型工程提供经验参考。

基于Midas Civil在大型履带吊车作用下的钢栈桥结构设计

为保证钢栈桥可以在大型履带吊车作用下安全使用,以四川省成都市某景观人行桥项目为例,对钢栈桥进行针对性的结构设计,采用Midas Civil有限元软件进行钢栈桥建模和结构分析,并简要阐述了钢栈桥的施工要点。通过模型建立过程的加载方式、工况的介绍,计算分析了各个工况的钢栈桥的变形值、应力、稳定性,计算结果均满足容许值,为工程的实施提供了理论数据支持。

The Historical Position and Value Dimensions of Human Rights Civilization

Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.

基于MIDAS Civil的连续梁桥偏心桥墩受力分析探讨

在桥梁的设计中,偏心桥墩对总体设计有着较大影响,合理的桥墩形式不仅可以使整体结构受力更加合理,而且也能使上、下部结构的造型协调一致、轻巧美观。魏榆路左转匝道9号墩采用了偏心桥墩设计,为了探讨合理的偏心桥墩结构形式,运用MIDAS Civil有限元软件对9号墩进行了建模分析,计算结果表明采用盖梁两侧做不对称悬挑的桥墩形式可进一步提高结构的安全系数,可为今后类似的偏心结构体系桥墩的设计提供参考。

Civil 3D在某砂石料场运输道路设计中的应用

为提高道路的设计质量及工作效率,依据现场实测高程数据及相关资料,针对性地研究了Civil 3d在道路设计中的应用。获取实测高程数据建立原始地形曲面,直观地表达了现场地形的变化情况。通过Civil 3D软件的横、纵断面设计功能,建立了道路的三维模型。利用Civil 3D参数化设计对象联动的功能,对道路进行动态调整,提高了设计效率,对比不同设计方案下的开挖量情况,对方案进行迭代优化。

BDSec:Security Authentication Protocol for BeiDou-Ⅱ Civil Navigation Message

Due to the lack of authentication mechanism in BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS),BD-Ⅱ civil navigation message(BDⅡ-CNAV) are vulnerable to spoofing attack and replay attack.To solve this problem,we present a security authentication protocol,called as BDSec,which is designed by using China’s cryptography Shangyong Mima(SM) series algorithms,such as SM2/4/9 and Zu Chongzhi(ZUC)algorithm.In BDSec protocol,both of BDⅡ-CNAV and signature information are encrypted using the SM4 algorithm(Symmetric encryption mechanism).The encrypted result is used as the subject authentication information.BDSec protocol applies SM9 algorithm(Identity-based cryptography mechanism) to protect the integrity of the BDⅡ-CNAV,adopts the SM2 algorithm(Public key cryptosystem) to guarantee the confidentiality of the important session information,and uses the ZUC algorithm(Encryption and integrity algorithm) to verify the integrity of the message authentication serial number and initial information and the information in authentication initialization sub-protocol respectively.The results of the SVO logic reasoning and performance analysis show that BDSec protocol meets security requirements for the dual user identity authentication in BDS and can realize the security authentication of BDⅡ-CNAV.

The Path,Trends,and Approaches of the Civilization Evolution of Rural Marriage Forms

Rural marriage has characteristics such as close relationship with labor production,deep integration of traditional culture,shy and introverted expression of subjective emotions,and illegal and rough marriage.The civilization evolution of rural marriage forms is moving towards a path that is conducive to the development of production and the pursuit of happiness for farmers,the construction of rural spiritual civilization,and the comprehensive development of rural society.This study analyzes the direction of the evolution of rural marriage form civilization,predicts the trend of rural marriage form civilization evolution,and proposes the future path of rural marriage form civilization evolution,including adhering to human’s most original value expectations of marriage life,drawing nourishment from excellent traditional Chinese culture,and continuously adjusting marriage and family policy tools to keep up with changes in the world of life.

基于Civil 3D和MIKE 21耦合的全二维溃堤洪水动态模拟应用

为探究基于Civil 3D和MIKE 21耦合的全二维水动力模型在溃堤洪水动态模拟中的实际应用效果,文章采用实测地形资料,利用Civil 3D创建河道内、外全二维高精度地形曲面,结合MIKE 21构建全二维水动力模型,计算得到不同溃口工况下提防沿线的淹没深度及流场分布。结果表明,采用Civil 3D创建河道内地形曲面较横断面数据概化更为精准,更能直观展示河道内洪水演进变化。该研究为工程设计提供了科学可靠的数据支持,对于指导防洪工程建设具有重要意义。