From Early States to Modem States in China： The Changing Concept and Connotation of ＂State＂

The substantive characteristics of the connotation of ＂State＂ include two parts： （I） the relatively perpetual and impersonalized political system; （II） the ductility of organization forms within the space and politics. And the later part is the absolute attribute of this connotation while the former part tends to show with different forms. Therefore, it is more suitable for the former one to be the objective for study on the evolution process of the connotation of ＂State＂ at different stages. Based on this understanding, the author discusses the specific political system at different stages and the relatively perpetual and impersonalized methods for the realization of the system, then tries to define the connotation of the early state, ancient state and modem state in Chinese history.

The Need for State Ideology in the State to Ensure Human Rights

Human society is not a history of ideas,as such,of the activities or the vicissitudes of destinies,the so-called historical personalities acting according to the arbitrariness of their mind and heart.The history of society has its“earthly basis”.This is,first of all,the history of the development of people,their existence,traditions of the people,spirituality,moral values,economic development,rules of conduct,laws of the country in which you live,in short,the ideology of the state and how it is presented by the authorities through the media.But in Russia,as stated in article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation,"No ideology can be established as a state or mandatory."The same Constitution recognizes“ideological diversity”.Subsequent postulates of the same Constitution of the Russian Federation refute the foregoing.

Calculation of earth pressure based on disturbed state concept theory

The theoretical formulations of Coulomb and Rankine still remain as the fundamental approaches to the analysis of most gravity-type retaining wall,with the assumption that sufficient lateral yield will occur to mobilize fully limited conditions behind the wall.The effects of the magnitude of wall movements and different wall-movement modes are not taken into consideration.The disturbance of backfill is considered to be related to the wall movement under translation mode.On the basis of disturbed state concept(DSC),a general disturbance function was proposed which ranged from-1 to 1.The disturbance variables could be determined from the measured wall movements.A novel approach that related to disturbed degree and the mobilized internal frictional angle of the backfill was also derived.A calculation method benefited from Rankine's theory and the proposed approach was established to predict the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure from the cohesionless backfill under translation mode.The predicted results,including the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure,show good agreement with those of the model test and the finite element method.In addition,the disturbance parameter b was also discussed.

Mesoscopic analysis of the utilization of hardening model for a description of softening behavior based on disturbed state concept theory

Mesoscopic characteristics of a clayey soil specimen subjected to macroscopic loading are examined using a medi- cal-use computerized tomography (CT) instrument. Disturbed state concept (DSC) theory is based on the utilization of the hard- ening model. DSC indirectly describes material behavior by claiming that the actual response of the material is expressed in terms of the relative intact (RI) response and the fully adjusted (FA) response. The occurrence of mesoscopic structural changes of material has similarities with the occurrence of a macroscopic response of the material under loadings. In general, the relative changing value of a softening material is three to five times more than that of a hardening material. Whether special zones exist or not in a specimen cross section does not affect the following conclusion: hardening material and softening material show me- chanical differences with CT statistical indices values prominently changing, and the change is related to the superposing of a disturbance factor. A new disturbance factor evolution function is proposed. Thus, mesoscopic statistical indices are introduced to describe macroscopic behavior through the new evolution function. An application of the new evolution function proves the effectiveness of the amalgamation of a macroscopic and a mesoscopic experimental phenomenon measurement methods.

Disturbed state concept as unified constitutive modeling approach

A unified constitutive modeling approach is highly desirable to characterize a wide range of engineeringmaterials subjected simultaneously to the effect of a number of factors such as elastic, plastic and creepdeformations, stress path, volume change, microcracking leading to fracture, failure and softening,stiffening, and mechanical and environmental forces. There are hardly available such unified models. Thedisturbed state concept （DSC） is considered to be a unified approach and is able to provide materialcharacterization for almost all of the above factors. This paper presents a description of the DSC, andstatements for determination of parameters based on triaxial, multiaxial and interface tests. Statementsof DSC and validation at the specimen level and at the boundary value problem levels are also presented.An extensive list of publications by the author and others is provided at the end. The DSC is considered tobe a unique and versatile procedure for modeling behaviors of engineering materials and interfaces. 2016 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

Building up the concept of green development by infiltrating ecological ethics into ideological education for university students

University student education is the main part of higher education in China. Therefore, the comprehensive quality of university students shows the level of higher education. Ecological literacy is the basic literacy of college students under the background of green development to build socialism with Chinese characteristics. The green development education is based on the research idea of the relationship between the individual and the surrounding environment in ecology, which requires respecting the subjectivity of the active object, paying attention to the integrity and connection of the object. Compared with the traditional education, green development education pays more attention to the cultivation of moral quality and sound personality of the educated, and it can make the students understand the ecological environment. Under the premise of ecological system and the mechanism of biological growth and development, respect and love of life are formed naturally, and then the universal concern for environment and others is formed. College students, as advanced groups of young people, are leading the social fashion and influencing the social ethical environment. Ecological literacy is the new requirement of the times for college students. We should integrate the education of green development into the ideological education,make great efforts to shape the ecological ethical system of college students, and cultivate their ecological consciousness, ecological thinking and behavior habits. It is an important issue for ideological education to improve the quality of green development in an all-round way.

Radical Right Parties in the Political System of States： Theoretical and Practical Aspects

The article deals with the question of whether far-right parties are able to influence the political and party system in the contemporary state. Far-right parties have acquired special political features that are grounded on a broad variety of far-right ideological norms and political instruments. Far-right parties challenge the state government and policy offering the key （anti-immigration politics） to solve a variety of complicated issues. The main idea of the article is that far-right parties are flexible enough in their political rhetoric and instruments to gain electoral support. Based on different concepts and theories we should underline that far-right parties have a prominent electoral future but their place in the political arena greatly depends on existing conflicts of social and cultural nature in the nation-state.

Li Dazhao’s Conception of Modern State Before the New Culture Movement

Based on the following two points that one is the social disorder resulted from the“republic”since the Revolution of 1911 and the other is constant reflection on the recognition of the political values of western political parties,Li Dazhao places his hope on awakening and strength of the people to deal with the gap between republican political ideal and social reality of the Republic of China finally.This kind of emphasis and expectation on the power of people makes up a key factor assisting Li Dazhao’s early conversion to Marxism.

Winifred:An Excessively Rational Woman in the Trap——an Interpretation of the wife in The Door of the Trap from the Perspective of Althusser's Ideological State Apparatus

Anderson’s works pose a great challenge to critics due to his revolt against the literary tradition and the difficulty of the classification of his works.His language is tainted with obscurity and vagueness."The Door of the Trap,"can be ostensibly interpreted as a story of unfulfilled love in an unsatisfactory marriage.Hugh Walker is a math teacher at a small college in Union Valley,Illinois.Married with three children,he often finds himself walking to"cure the restlessness in himself."One source of his restlessness is his attraction to Mary Cochran.Freed by the death of her father in"Unlighted Lamps,"Mary has gone to college and taken up residence in the Walker house.It is a house of cards ready to collapse.Hugh sees himself as a house whose"shutters are loose."When he kisses Mary and then asks her to leave the house,she does so"weak with fright"Hugh remains,trapped in what he sees as the prison of his marriage and the reality of his life.The author has noticed that Anderson himself has married three times.And in his letter to Eleanor he has mentioned the importance of a woman in a married life.Given the description of the wife in the door of the trap is not direct and is lacking in length,the author of this paper attempts to interpret the image of the wife by means of Althusser’s theory of marriage as an ideological state apparatus.The paper comes to a conclusion:The structure of marriage,with its expectations of obligatory bond between the wife and husband without preconditions,belongs to the apparatus of ideological state control.It is Winifred’excessive rationality that leads her to regard marriage as a"contract"which is just the functioning principle of marriage ideological state apparatus rather than realize the importance of"intimacy"which Anderson has attached great importance to in married life.

基于OBE理念的《交通运输规划》课程思政建设与实践——以西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院为例

以全面育人为根本出发点,结合西安建筑科技大学交通运输专业工程教育专业认证实际,将交通运输行业发展与国家历史发展进程紧密融合,坚持价值导向与知识传授过程有机融合,坚持个人能力发展与国家战略发展有机融合,将社会主义道路自信、家国情怀、社会担当、知识创新、以人为本等思政教育目标与交通运输发展历程、规划理念、未来需求等理论知识相融合。通过课程思政总体架构搭建、思政元素挖掘与编织、构建思政元素智慧树,切实有效地将“课程思政”的教学目标融入交通运输规划系统设计全过程,培养学生跨学科综合思维能力,引领学生从历史、现在和未来纵深角度思考国家的道路选择、自身的社会责任,努力造就具有家国情怀和历史担当的交通运输行业复合型人才。

基于OBE理念的课程思政教学实践与评价——以绵阳师范学院“植物生理学”课程为例

“植物生理学”课程是面向生物科学专业本科二年级学生开设的专业主干课程之一.该课程已立项为四川省“一流本科课程”示范课程和绵阳师范学院“课程思政”示范课程.基于0BE理念,根据国家需求、师资需求、创新需求和传承需求,结合学校办学定位和专业人才培养目标,探索课程教学育人和课程思政育人的融合,以期达成专业课程思政教育与专业知识传授和能力培养有机融合的教育教学目标.

基于OBE-CDIO理念的四维专业课程思政建设与实践探索

立德树人是高校教育的中心任务和根本目标,传统理工科课程内容的德育意识薄弱、价值涵纳度较低,专业课程思政有效发挥思政课程外的德育功能,新时代德、技、能并进的高等人才培养模式探索势在必行。该文以专业教育为载体,融合线上、线下理论课程和项目制实践课程三维空间一体化模式开展专业思政教育;以成果导向教育为核心、以学生为中心,全过程评价并持续改进,在OBE-CDIO理念下构建时间维度的成果导向和项目驱动专业培养模式,实现三维空间与时间维的4D专业课程思政建设,以形成思政要素和专业教育协同、立体化施教,达到高层次的育人目标。

美国教育发展战略的时代特征与基本逻辑:从美苏冷战到中美竞争

教育安全国家将教育战略规划纳入国家经济和军事战略规划,通过提升人力资本和塑造意识形态两条路径,将科学、数学和意识形态的教学置于学校课程中心。美国作为典型的“教育安全国家”,在不同的大国竞争时期,其教育发展战略具有不同的时代特征,在美苏冷战时期,注重通过教育助力其与苏联展开意识形态和军事领域的竞争;在中美竞争时期,侧重于帮助其保持全球霸主地位和遏制中国发展,其内容与手段也有所变化,且更为重视人力资本的提升。但美国的教育发展战略也体现出了基本逻辑,即通过STEM教育、关键外语教育等战略提升人力资本,通过公民教育与美国历史教育、国际教育战略等手段塑造意识形态,以实现其赋能国家竞争力提升和维护国家安全的目的。

OBE理念下专业课课程思政的路径探索与实践

针对在课程思政开展过程中存在的理念不足、能力不足、情怀不足、思路不清等问题,结合成果导向教育(OBE)理论,以教育部印发的《高等学校课程思政建设指导纲要》为依据,明确课程思政的主要内容和建设思路,在此基础上构建专业课课程思政的建设实施路径,探索专业课课程思政的实施路径和成效评价。

劳动幸福观融入思政课教学的价值理路、基本原则与实施路径——以大学生“思想道德与法治”课程教学为例

劳动幸福观是对劳动价值的自我体认与情感认同,是劳动实践的动力之源与精神支撑,对培养当代大学生的劳动素养与形成正确的世界观、人生观、价值观具有基础性意义。劳动幸福观融入思政课教学,应坚持把握育人导向、遵循教育规律、体现时代特征、坚持因地制宜的原则;在实施路径上应形成以明确教学目标为先导、以优化教学内容为基础、以突出学生主体为根本、以改革教学评价为保障、以外化教学成果为支撑的系统化推进体系。

护理综合实训课程思政教学实践

为深入贯彻落实习近平总书记在全国高校思想政治工作会议上的重要讲话精神,深化教育教学改革,充分挖掘专业课程思想政治元素,发挥好每门课程的育人作用,全面提高人才培养质量,医学院校开启了课程思政创新改革探索之路。通过围绕思政理念指导下的护理综合实训课程内容,以弘扬伟大抗疫精神、凝聚时代奋进力量、护佑人民群众健康为主线,充分发掘课程中蕴含的思政元素,把专业知识的学习与人文、思想政治素质的培养恰当融合,通过案例将传统形式课程与思想政治内容相结合,以“三阶梯式”教学安排实施思政理念与教学方法的融合,通过思政元素的协同作用培养学生以患者为中心、对工作认真负责的职业认同感和职业道德情感,激发学生对临床工作的热爱,以更宽广的视角塑造学生的家国情怀,强化社会责任、弘扬时代担当精神。

新发展理念下普通物理学实验课程建设

探究了新发展理念下普通物理学实验课程的设计思路、教学资源建设和课程思政建设。将协调、绿色、创新、开放和共享的新发理念融入教学资源建设,完善课程平台、选课平台、授课平台、仪器平台和信息平台建设;建设集实践性、创新性和探索性于一体的课程内容、多元化教学方法、指标化教学评价体系和一步反馈式信息通道;建设适合普通物理学实验课程的课程思政元素(道德修养、家国情怀、全球关切、学校精神和今日关注)和切入点(著名科学家、全球科技、中国工程、浙大校友、往届学长的成就)。将新发展理念融入物理实验课程全过程。

基于“五寓”课程思政理念的中医药人才培养策略研究——以“中药炮制学专论”课程为例

中药学类研究生课程重视中药学思维的培养,具有课程思政挖掘的良好基础,但课程思政缺乏系统设计,思政教育与专业教育融入未形成长效机制,专业课程考核和评价欠缺“课程思政”相关指标,“两张皮”问题仍然存在.为此以“中药炮制学专论”课程为例,课程团队践行“五寓”课程思政理念,通过对教学内容进行重构,改进教学方法,拓宽教育场域,实现思政目标与知识目标、能力目标和素质目标“同频共振”.“五寓”课程思政理念的凝练针对性地解决了研究生课程思政教与学中的问题,为中药学学科课程思政建设提供了保障.

土壤污染与防治课程思政建设探讨

课程思政是高校实现立德树人根本任务的重要环节,是进行全方位育人的教学新模式。为了更好地在土壤污染与防治课程教学中开展思政教育,讨论了开展课程思政教育的意义,剖析了当前思政教学中存在的不足,并从挖掘思政元素,创新教学方法等方面提出了实施课程思政的途径,为新形势下课程思政建设提供一些新方法和新思路。