The Basis of Requisitional Right of Regulatory Taking

所谓“管制性征收”，是指政府在对经济社会诸领域进行管制时，由于过分限制了公民的财产权而造成对公民财产事实上的征收。管制性征收是一种“反向征收”，它因公民对政府管制行为合法性和合宪性的挑战而出现。请求权基础对于公民面对管制性征收获得救济具有决定意义。美国公民可以基于宪法中的“征收条款”或者“补偿条款”提出对政府管制行为的挑战，德国公民只能依据《基本法》的规定请求法院判决政府管制行为无效。在中国，根据《立法法》和《行政诉讼法》等法律的规定，公民关于管制性征收的请求权基础是相当模糊的。

Changing and Developing Trend of the Farmland Requisition-Compensation Balance Policy in China

The importance and necessity of implementing the balance system of farmland requisition and compensation are reasoned.The changing path of the balance system of farmland requisition-compensation is overviewed.In addition,the problems exist in the implementation of the balance system of farmland requisition-compensation are analyzed as well,covering the increasing demands on land in the process of economic development;the serious phenomenon of wasting land in urban construction;part of farmlands should be revoked from the perspective of ecological construction and environmental protection,which lead to the shortage of reserved farmland and it is hard to implement the balance system of farmland requisition-compensation;the problems of "occupying more but compensating less,occupying good land but compensating bad land" are universal;the development and reclamation of farmlands have taken certain threats to ecological environment;the differences of various regions have not been taken into consideration in implementing the balance system of farmland requisition-compensation.Some notes on the developing trend of farmlands requisition-compensation balance system are put forward.The farmlands should be occupied after being compensated first,so as to ensure the dynamic balance of the total amount of farmlands;the government should encourage the improvement of farmland with mediocre and low output,so as to enhance its production capability;the potential of urban and rural construction land use should be fully developed and the occupation of farmland should be reduced as few as possible;various aspects should be cooperated to increase the possibility of requisition-compensation among different regions.

Dynamic requisition, compensation and reclamation of subsided land induced underground coal mining

Following the description of the subsided land treatment methods and the characteristics of the related land reclamation, the necessity and emergency of the land reclamation work is stressed. To cope with the related problems, dynamic prediction of the ground subsidence in different time periods and areas is made based on the laws governing the rock and ground movements and line with a mine’s future mining plan. It is proposed to carry out dynamic management of subsided land reclamation work in mining area, in order to tackle the previous and current issues confronted in the processes of land requisition, compensation and land reclamation. It is intended to provide, through the above-mentioned efforts, the technical and decision-making basis for the mining authorities concerned to better solve the problems relating to land requisition and reclamation in the future, and relocation of villages for facilitating the mining of the underground coal depositing and realizing the sustainable development of mining enterprises.

A Probe into the Reform of Land Requisition Compensation System: Based on the Survey of Rural Areas in Anhui Province

Using stakeholder survey,documentation and policy analysis,through the survey of stakeholders,this paper aims to explore the problems in the collectively owned land requisition compensation system and their causes,and put forth the reform ideas and measures to provide a reference for the development of new urbanization. The results show that there are some problems in the current land requisition compensation system,such as improper land requisition compensation standard and calculation method,low compensation standard,unsound social security system,irrational compensation and placement methods and low satisfaction of farmers whose land is requisitioned. Therefore,it is necessary to accelerate the reform of land requisition compensation system and smooth progress of new urbanization construction in accordance with the requirements of 3rd Plenum of the 18 th Communist Party of China(CPC).

Empirical Study on Satisfaction of Farmers with Land Requisition in Guangdong Province

Taking land requisition and land disputes in Guangdong Province as starting point,this paper built a framework for analysis of farmers' satisfaction with land requisition.Through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview,field survey was carried out.With the aid of statistical software SPSS22.0 and AMOS22.0,it analyzed specific factors influencing satisfaction of farmers with land requisition using Principal Component Analysis(PCA),Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA),and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM).Empirical results indicate that annual family income of farmers,proportion of requisitioned land to total land of a family,land requisition compensation procedure,compensation standard,compensation content,and compensation supervision havea significantly positive influence on satisfaction of farmers with land requisition.

Empirical Study on Growth of Evil Forces in Land Requisition and Relocation in City G of Hubei Province Based on Social Network Analysis

Using social network analysis method,this paper made an empirical study on growth of evil forces in land requisition and relocation in City G of Hubei Province. It obtained following results:(i) lawless developers and inefficient public security organs form interested parties of evil forces. Besides,the inward closeness centrality of evil forces is high,manifesting that evil forces independently possess decentralized power of network and have unscrupulous behavior in land requisition and relocation to a certain extent.(ii) Activities of evil forces have complicated spatial correlation and their geographical distribution is uneven,taking on irregular characteristics. In the field of land requisition and relocation,some evil forces are expandi Xng and spreading,while other forces are relatively weak. In conclusion,growth of evil forces comes from premeditation and collaboration of lawless developers,lack of functions and weak attack of public security organs; growth of evil forces has periodic changes,when in power,they will take opportunity to expand,while losing power,they will hide or even disappear.

行政应急征用与补偿制度的完善路径——后疫情时代突发事件的立法应对

自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,应急征用行为已成为突发事件处理的必备手段之一。但由于现有法律法规对突发事件中应急征用的条款适用范围太窄,以及个别领域的规定付之阙如,疫情期间的应急征用和补偿的争议案件不断发生,尤其是上位法的缺乏导致地方规章和规范性文件高度同质化,可操作性不强,在实践中出现了征用主体和征用范围不明确、征用程序缺乏细致规定、补偿标准模糊等突出问题。因此,应当从突发事件的应急征用与补偿事前预防法律体系、高效公平的应急征用事中处理程序框架、突发事件的应急征用事后救济机制三个方面建立一套完整的应急征用与补偿法律体系,化解行政应急征用与补偿过程中产生的纠纷,平衡突发事件处置中公益维护和私权保护二者的关系。

《民法典》第二百四十五条(征用)评注

《民法典》第二百四十五条系征用规范。征用是单方行政行为,旨在实现公共利益,征用权的行使须以“紧急需要”为前置条件。现行法关于征用人的表述极为混乱,司法实践中对于征用人的认定更为复杂,以致影响到对征用纠纷的正确处理。被征用人为“组织、个人”,其应承担相应的配合义务,但享有原物返还请求权和补偿请求权。鉴于征用具有紧迫性,征用程序较为简单。征用的对象是组织、个人的不动产或者动产,而生活必需品与公共设施、文物应当免于征用。根据《民法典》第一百一十七条规定,征用人应当对被征用人进行“公平、合理的补偿”,且实施征用后无论是否造成被征用财产毁损、灭失,征用人均应当对被征用人予以补偿。被征用人对征用决定及征用补偿决定不服的,可以提起行政诉讼,其中被征用人应当对行政征用行为造成的损失提供证据加以证明。当行使征用权的行政机关的行为导致被征用人无法举证时,则由该行政机关承担举证责任。

“组强村弱”结构下的征地博弈及启示--基于赣西H村的考察

延续既有征地研究中利益博弈的视角,研究发现“村庄治理结构”是影响征地博弈样态的独立因素。区别于将行政村默认为利益博弈中的村级主体,研究关注“组强村弱”治理结构下小组作为博弈主体的征地实践。基于赣西H村的实证分析发现,“组弱村强”治理结构的产生与村庄分布形态、宗族认同和土地集体所有等因素有关。它对征地博弈的影响在于:对外博弈中,小组因一致行动能力而具备更强的议价能力;在组内博弈中,小组具备排除行政能力干预、自主决定利益分配的空间,这种宽松的环境加剧了利益分化的群体之间的利益博弈。以小组为单位进行的双层博弈导致村庄公共利益消失、村庄认同弱化以及村庄矛盾激化等一系列后果,动摇了村社共同体的根基,由此产生的纠纷矛盾对基层治理能力提出挑战。

Evaluation of Laboratory Request Forms Completion in a Tertiary Medical Laboratory of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: The inadequacy in the completeness of the Laboratory Request Form (LRF) has been reported as one of the major sources of errors during the pre-analytical step of laboratory analysis. To prevent the occurrence of such errors, this study aimed at assessing the level of completeness of LRFs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of laboratory request forms was conducted at the Clinical Biology Laboratory of the Kinshasa University Clinic, DR Congo, between November 2021 to May 2022. The LRFs were evaluated according to the completeness of all sections including administrative data of the patient, data of physician who ordered the test, relevant patient’s clinical data and data of the biological sample. Results: From a total of 2842 LRFs evaluated, none was fully completed with all required information. Particularly, patient’s clinical data including the medical history, provisional diagnosis and current treatment, were the most absent in 99% LRFs. However, two sections related to patient’s ID and prescribed test were informed in 100% LRFs. Conclusion: The results of this preanalytical audit can serve as an improvement opportunity focused on strengthening awareness about complete filling of LRF.

Discussion on Land Use Mode Reform in Coal Opencast Mining

The existing land supply mode of opencast mining is"land requisition first,then transfer",which lacks an effective recovery and withdrawal mechanism,and the reclaimed mining land is difficult to withdraw.According to the regular rules of coal opencast mining and the periodic characteristics of land use,this paper puts forward a new mode of temporary land use for coal opencast mining.It is conducive to im-proving the quality and scale of land use and reclamation utilization of opencast coal mining,and is of great significance for exploring and for-mulating reasonable land use policies for mineral resources development projects.

健康导向下的农村拆迁安置社区公共空间更新研究——以达州市韩家坝社区为例

健康社区规划是促进居民健康的重要策略,而安置社区中存在建设水平和环境舒适度低的问题,设计中又未考虑拆迁前后安置居民的活动特点和需求。为优化现有空间,在梳理了安置社区公共空间健康性的评价要素后,对韩家坝社区进行了调查,采用因子分析和多元线性回归的方法,从载体和主体层面探寻了社区环境对居民身心健康的作用关系。实证发现,在剥除安置居民自选择影响后,安全性因子、交往性因子、生态性因子、场地多样性因子和舒适性因子对安置居民的身心健康均有显著影响,且安全性和交往性因子对其健康影响最大。基于此,提出了安置社区公共空间更新的四点策略。

房屋征收补偿行政诉讼之适格原告

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》关于对征收补偿行为提起行政诉讼之适格原告的规定较为原则,实践中存在争议。适格原告认定规则的构建,应以主观公权利理论为基础界定利害关系,对不动产所有权变动享有异议权的主体为征收决定行政诉讼的适格原告,遭受相应损失并有权受领法定补偿的主体为补偿行为行政诉讼的适格原告。对被征收人而言,除不动产登记簿记载的所有权人外,有证据证明对房屋享有绝对支配力的事实权利人以及以取得所有权为目的的预告登记权利人亦是被征收人,有权对征收及补偿行为提起行政诉讼。被征收人签订补偿协议并得到完全补偿后仍有权对征收决定提起行政诉讼。对征收相关人而言,公房承租人具有完整的独立诉权,私房承租人以及居住权人仅为补偿行为行政诉讼的适格原告,而抵押权人则无权就征收与补偿行为提起行政诉讼。

安徽省试点县补充耕地质量监测与评价

以安徽省全椒县、长丰县和五河县为研究对象,监测其补充耕地土壤肥力和健康状况,进行耕地质量等级与农业生产基本条件符合性调查与评价。结果表明,全椒县、长丰县和五河县2020年补充耕地平均耕地质量等级分别为5.198、4.811和3.911;补充耕地平均耕地质量等级总体上低于县域水平;补充耕地质量等级面积分布总体上比县域水平分布更分散;乡镇补充耕地质量等级与全镇耕地质量等级存在正相关关系,与乡镇补充耕地面积存在负相关关系;补充耕地土壤速效钾和pH平均值高于县域土壤平均值,有效磷平均值低于县域平均值,有机质平均值与县域平均值变化差异较大。

建设项目土地征收社会稳定风险识别与评估

基于文献研究与专家访谈识别建设项目土地征收社会稳定风险因素22项,将社会稳定风险因素按合法性、合理性、可行性、可控性进行分类,构建了建设项目土地征收社会风险因素清单。采用评估实例对风险因素清单加以验证,评估结果显示,拟征地项目的组合风险指数为0.24,属于低社会稳定风险。

破解耕地占补平衡实施难的分析与思考——以贵州为例

贵州省在落实耕地占补平衡政策过程中,受到地理格局、岩溶地貌等自然因素,以及资金、人文等社会经济因素的影响和制约。文章结合贵州省情,立足耕地保护现状,阐述了贵州省当前耕地占补平衡面临的困境,分析指出政策调整不适应、项目工程投入不足、新增耕地后期管护不当等问题是导致耕地占补平衡实施难的原因,并据此提出完善耕地占补平衡的政策建议:①注重质量,加大项目资金投入;②拓展思路,挖掘耕地后备资源潜力;③加强培训,做好备案入库工作;④管制用途,确保长期稳定利用;⑤探索试行,加强信息共享互通。

耕地资源保护法律制度探究

我国现行的耕地资源保护法律制度在防止耕地资源的破坏和流失方面发挥了重要作用,但还存在不足,不能适应耕地资源保护的新要求。耕地资源保护法律制度的完善要从有效地保护耕地资源的基本原则出发,明确耕地征用范围,完善土地征用中的行政许可制度和补偿制度:构建和完善耕地租赁制度,完善《刑法》中耕地保护的相关内容,充分发挥刑罚对破坏耕地资源犯罪的预防功能,以最大限度地保护耕地资源,保障我国环境、经济、社会的可持续发展。

牙根二级水电站征地移民实物指标土地调查方法探析

大中型水利水电工程实物指标土地调查工作存在人员履责不到位、尺度不统一、权属边界模糊、地类认定困难、重复计量实物等问题,通过对牙根二级水电站土地调查工作的实践与总结,针对上述问题,提出相关工作建议,为后续项目土地调查提供借鉴与参考。

工程建设征地云平台开发与实践

针对传统移民安置管理工作效率低等问题,本文分析了移民工作各参与方对移民安置信息化的需求,研究开发了工程建设征地云平台,并简述研究思路、开发成果以满足各阶段、各类用户的工作需求,建立“全工作链”和“全数据链”,实现移民行业的信息化管理,提高工程建设征地工作的效率,实现征地移民工作精准化、科学化和高效率管理。

基于PLM+AHP的海南省耕地占补平衡实施效果评价

为落实好海南省耕地占补平衡工作,首先基于项目逻辑模型构建海南省耕地占补平衡实施效果评价指标体系,然后基于层次分析法,计算各层指标的权重值,对海南省2017~2022年耕地占补平衡实施效果进行评价分析。结果表明:投入、活动、产出、效果、影响的平均得分分别为6.7、5.6、4.3、6.0、5.5分,2017~2022年占补平衡实施效果评价得分整体上呈先增大后减小的变化特征,具体排序为2019年>2020年>2022年>2017年>2021年>2018年;文昌市和陵水县分别是海南省耕地占补平衡实施效果最好和最差的地区。根据2017~2022年海南省耕地占补平衡实施评价结果,文章有针对性地提出了耕地占补平衡政策绩效改进工作的建议,旨在为海南省今后耕地占补平衡政策的制定和实施提供参考。