Phase Structure and Cycle Stabilities of Mg_2Ni/Mm_(0.3)Ml_(0.7)Ni_(3.55)Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.3) Composite Hydrogen Storage Alloys Prepared by Two-step re-melting

Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3 alloy has high chemical activity and favorable plateaus pressure. Mg2Ni is in favor of high hydrogen storage capacity and low weight, but it is difficult to be activated. In order to improve the capacity and cycle performances of hydrogen-storage alloy electrodes, Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3-x%Mg2Ni(x=0, 5, 10, 30) composite hydrogen storage alloys prepared by two-step re-melting were investigated in this work. The influences of Mg2Ni content on the cycle stabilities were analyzed by electrochemical methods. It was observed by XRD that the main phase of all the alloys is LaNi5 and the crystal lattice parameters of LaNi5 are changed with the increasing of x value, i.e, a-axis and unit cell volume decrease and c-axis decreases nonlinearly. The c-axis of alloy with x=5 is larger than the others. With the increasing of x value, capacity retentions of the composite hydrogen storage alloys rise from 66.21% while x=0 to 82.04% while x=10, but the capacity retention of the composite alloy with 30% Mg2Ni declines because of its decreasing axial ratio. More over, the composite alloy with 5% Mg2Ni shows the best cycle stability and higher discharge capacity, and it is an appropriate candidate for battery materials.

Microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr alloys

The microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr （x=1, 2, 3, 4; normal mass fraction in %） alloys were investigated. In low Zn content, aside from the major second phase of Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5, there are a few lamellar phases that grow parallel with each other from the grain boundaries to the grain interior. With Zn content increasing, the Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phase decreases, but the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase and lamellar phases continuously increase. When Zn content reaches 4% （normal mass fraction）, the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase mainly exists as large bulks, and some a-Mg grains are thoroughly penetrated by the lamellar phases. Moreover, the crystallography structures of the Mgl2Zn（Y, Er） and Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phases are confirmed as 18R-type long-period stacking ordered structure and body-centred cubic structure, respectively.

Unexpected Twinning and Phase-Transition of the Indentation Standards, Their Transition Energies, and Scientific Dichotomy

The general use of aluminium as an indentation standard for the iteration of contact heights for the determination of ISO-14577 hardness and elastic modulus is challenged because of as yet not appreciated phase-changes in the physical force-depth standard curve that seemed to be secured by claims from 1992. The physical and mathematical analyses with closed formulas avoid the still world-wide standardized energy-law violation by not reserving 33.33% (h2 belief) (or 20% h3/2 physical law) of the loading force and thus energy for all not depth producing events but using 100% for the depth formation is a severe violation of the energy law. The not depth producing part of the indentation work cannot be done with zero energy! Both twinning and structural phase-transition onsets and normalized phase-transition energies are now calculated without iterations but with physically correct closed arithmetic equations. These are reported for Berkovich and cubecorner indentations, including their comparison on geometric grounds and an indentation standard without mechanical twinning is proposed. Characteristic data are reported. This is the first detection of the indentation twinning of aluminium at room temperature and the mechanical twinning of fused quartz is also new. Their disqualification as indentation standards is established. Also, the again found higher load phase-transitions disqualify aluminium and fused quartz as ISO-ASTM 14577 (International Standardization Organization and American Society for Testing and Materials) standards for the contact depth “hc” iterations. The incorrect and still world-wide used black-box values for H- and Er-values (the latter are still falsely called “Young’s moduli” even though they are not directional) and all mechanical properties that depend on them. They lack relation to bulk moduli from compression experiments. Experimentally obtained and so published force vs depth parabolas always follow the linear FN = kh3/2 + Fa equation, where Fa is the axis-cut before and after the phase-transition branches (never “h2” as falsely enforced and used for H, Er and giving incorrectly calculated parameters). The regression slopes k are the precise physical hardness values, which for the first time allow for precise calculation of the mechanical qualities by indentation in relation to the geometry of the indenter tip. Exactly 20% of the applied force and thus energy is not available for the indentation depth. Only these scientific k-values must be used for AI-advises at the expense of falsely iterated indentation hardness H-values. Any incorrect H-ISO-ASTM and also the iterated Er-ISO-ASTM modulus values of technical materials in artificial intelligence will be a disaster for the daily safety. The AI must be told that these are unscientific and must therefore be replaced by physical data. Iterated data (3 and 8 free parameters!) cannot be transformed into physical data. One has to start with real experimental loading curves and an absolute ZerodurR standard that must be calibrated with standard force and standard length to create absolute indentation results. .

Microstructures and mechanical properties of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites

The microstructures and interface structures of basalt particle reinforced 7A04 Al matrix composites (BP/7A04 Al) were analyzed by using OM, TEM, SEM and EDS, and the mechanical properties of 7A04 Al alloy were compared with those of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites. The results show that the basalt particles are dispersed in the Al matrix and form a strong bonding interface with the Al matrix. SiO2 at the edge of the basalt particles is continuously replaced by Al2O3 formed in the reaction, forming a high-temperature reaction layer with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, and Al2O3 strengthens the bonding interface between basalt particles and Al matrix. The dispersed basalt particles promote the dislocation multiplication, vacancy formation and precipitation of the matrix, and the precipitated phases mainly consist of plate-like η(MgZn2) phase and bright white band-shaped or ellipsoidal T (Al2Mg3Zn3) phase. The bonding interface, high dislocation density and dispersion strengthening phase significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites are up to 665 and 699 MPa, which increase by 11.4% and 10.9% respectively compared with 7A04 Al alloy without basalt particles.

Structure of the Intermetallic Compound Ni_3Al Synthesized under Compression of the Powder Mixture of Pure Elements Part Ⅰ: Phase Composition and Microstructure of Main Phase

It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of grains has its own domain and dislocation structure. There are mono- and polydomains with and without dislocations. The grains of the main phase of monoand polydomains without dislocations and polydomains with dislocations were formed by diffusion in the solid phase. In these conditions NiAl3 phase is located on the grain boundary of the main phase. The Ni2Al3 phase is located at the triple joints of the main phase.

Fine structure and phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel:influence of a modified mixture based on refractory metals

The effect of TiO;,ZrO;and Na;AlF;ultrafine powders on the fine structure and the phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel was investigated.The introduction of the ultrafine powders into the melt influenced the grain size,the quantity,and the character of distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the railroad frogs.The microstructure of castings was improved significantly because of the refinement of the grain structure and an increase of the grain-boundary area.After the modifying mixture was introduced into the melt,either the microtwins of one or two intersecting systems or the precipitations of ε-martensite of different types,or simultaneously the microtwins and wafers of ε-martensite,were present in each grain.

U型Twin-PBL剪力键极限承载力的数值分析

根据端部承压混凝土可提高Twin-PBL剪力键承载能力的特点,提出一种新型的可用于装配式钢混组合结构的间断式U型Twin-PBL剪力键。通过3组推出试验试件的非线性数值模拟分析,研究了这种新型剪力键的极限承载特点和承载力。结果表明:U型Twin-PBL剪力键极限承载能力较普通承压型Twin-PBL剪力键有显著提高,且提高主要来源于端部混凝土承压面积增大,所以混凝土强度的提高对该剪力键承载能力影响明显,而孔中混凝土榫和贯穿钢筋两部分对承载力贡献无明显变化,故而通过修正端承压混凝土面积得到了这种剪力键承载力计算公式。研究结果为装配式钢-混凝土组合梁桥的间断式剪力键提供了新的思路。

Composition and structure of arsenic−antimony alloy electrodeposited from acidic chloride solution

AsSb alloy(0.70−95.81 wt.%As)was prepared by electrodeposition in As(III)and Sb(III)contained electrolytes.The influence of electrolyte composition,hydrochloric acid concentration,and temperature on the composition and structure of AsSb deposits was studied.The electroreduction mechanism of As(III)and Sb(III)in hydrochloric acid solution was revealed via thermodynamic analysis.The results show that the increase of H+concentration promotes the reduction of As(III),while the increase of Cl^(−)concentration significantly inhibits the reduction of Sb(III).As a result,the As content in deposits increases gradually with the increase of hydrochloric acid concentration.Simultaneously,the phase structure of AsSb deposits evolves from crystalline to amorphous.When the As content is 24.55−33.75 wt.%,AsSb mixed crystal is obtained.The electrolysis temperature has little effect on the deposits composition,but the structure of deposits evolves from crystalline to amorphous with decreasing the temperature.

A new broadband differential phase shifter fabricated using a novel CRLH structure

Broadband phase shifters are mostly proposed and fabricated based on the scheme proposed by Shiffman, which uses a coupled line with far ends connected together and a uniform transmission line to give a differential phase shift. Based on the unique dispersion property of the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial structure, a new configuration is presented in this paper for fabricating the broadband differential phase shifter, which employs a novel CRLH metamaterial structure as one of the differential phase-shift arms, instead of the conventional coupled line. The new circuit can achieve a phase shift of 90° in an operational bandwidth as broad as one octave and its phase deviations are quite small. An original design of the novel broadband phase shifter is presented, in which the artificial CRLH structure was implemented by microstrip quasi-lumped elements. Both the simulated and measured results of the 90° broadband differential phase shifter are presented.

MICROSTRUCTURES OF Mg-Zr,Mg-Zn AND Mg-Zn-Zr ALLOYS

Microstructural studies have been made on the Mg-0.54Zr,Mg-5.68Zn and Mg-5.65Zn-0.50Zr alloys in the as-cast and homogenized states.The lenticular plates of {012}twins were found in three alloys.After homogenization,ZrH_2 phase formed in the Mg-0.54Zr alloy.The Mg_7Zn_3 phase of cubic structure with a=1.417 nm distributes at the grain boundaries of the Mg-5.68Zn alloy in the as-cast state and after homogenization,the Mg_7Zn_3 phase dissolves and the MgZn_2 phase occurs.The as-cast Mg-5.65Zn-0.50Zr al- loy consists of MgZn_3 phase and Zn-Zr compounds.After homogenization,the dispersed acicular MgZn_2 phase may precipitate.

In-situ TiC_P/Al Composites Prepared by TE/QP Method

An in-situ TiCp/Al composite was prepared by a thermal explosion/quick pressure method （TE/QP）. The effect of Al content on the reaction temperature as well as the reaction rate has been studied. Phase constituents and the microstructure of the composites and the particle size of the reinforcement were analysed using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results have shown that TiCp/Al composite with 40～70 vol. pct TiC particle reinforcement and high relative density can be directly obtained by TE/QP. TiC is the only reaction product when Al content in Al-Ti-C system is no more than 60 vol. pct, but Al3Ti phase will also form when Al content is more than 60 vol. pct. Increasing Al content prolongs the initial reaction time, reduces the highest reaction temperature and the reaction rate, and decreases the size of TiC particles. In addition, the microstructure of TiCp/Al composite and the structure of interface between TiCp and Al are studied using SEM and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the in-situ synthesized TiC particle has fcc cubic structure. The orientation between TiC particles and Al matrix can be described as （220）Al//（022）TiC and [112]Al//[011]TiC. Results of the mechanical property tests reveal that the ultimate strength （σ） and modulus （E） are 687 MPa and 142 GPa respectively when the Al content is 40 vol. pct. On contrary, 6 elongation increases by 3.2% with increasing Al content.

Pressureless Sintered 3Y-TZP/20%Al_2O_3 Composite Ceramic

Nanometer 3Y TZP/20%Al 2O 3 (mass fraction) composite powders prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method were pressureless sintered at 1550 ℃ for 2 h. Effects of calcining temperatures at 800 ℃, 1 000 ℃, and 1 200 ℃ on phase structure, relative density, and Vicker′s hardness of the sintered bodies were studied. The results show that 1 000 ℃ was the optimal calcining temperature,and the powder calcined was composed of tetragonal zirconia with the Scherrer crystalline size of 6.3 nm. The relative density was up to 98.5% under pressureless sintering, and the sintered body was t ZrO 2(without m ZrO 2)+α Al 2O 3 with the average size of 0.4 μm.

Features of the Process of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis, a Structure and Strong Properties of Borides Iron Layers on the Carbon Steels, Generated Under a Powerful Electron Beam in Vacuum

Conditions of formation, structure and properties of boride iron layers on carbonaceous steels 3 and 45 at electron beam borating are investigated. New process to make layers of iron borides （Fe2B, FeB） using electron beam are reported. The microstructure and microhardness of boride layers are investigated and also are compared to layer properties obtained at solid phase borating. Formed layers were heterogeneous structure combining solid and weak components and resulting in to fragility reduction of boride layer.

复合激发剂调控碱激发材料收缩性能研究

为改善碱激发矿渣-粉煤灰(AASF)胶凝材料的高收缩特性,通过硅酸钠(NS)分别与碳酸钠(SC)、硫酸钠(SS)和磷酸钠(SP)复掺制备复合激发剂,研究复合激发剂对AASF干燥收缩行为的影响。结果表明:复合激发剂对AASF体系的干燥收缩具有显著的抑制作用,其中SC15、SS15和SP5(Na2O质量取代率分别为15%、15%和5%)的90 d干燥收缩相较于NS分别降低39.0%、33.3%、42.4%,SP的综合减缩效果最好。SC使水化产物中生成了碳酸钙,而SS和SP的掺入并未引入新的晶体类水化产物,但SC、SS、SP可以有效减少体系中的自由水含量并提高化学结合水含量。SC、SS和SP的掺入均可以显著降低中孔体积比例和孔隙率,其中SC15、SS15、SP15的中孔体积率相较于NS分别降低30.8%、36.3%、25.0%。复合激发剂的减缩作用主要表现在两方面:一是显著提高化学结合水含量并抑制蒸发失水;二是有效减小中孔体积率以缓解毛细管应力,同时降低整体孔隙率以提高基质微观结构的致密程度。此外,掺入复合激发剂的各组试样也具有良好的工作性能和力学性能,其流动度和28 d抗压强度分别维持在181 mm和60 MPa以上。

外加剂对碱激发胶凝材料干燥收缩性能的影响

为了进一步改善碱激发胶凝材料的收缩特性,探索了单掺有机减缩剂(聚乙二醇和乳胶)、无机膨胀剂(CaO、MgO和石膏)对矿渣粉煤灰复合碱激发(AASF)体系水化产物组成、孔隙结构和收缩特性的影响。结果表明,在所有的外加剂中,聚乙二醇减缩效果最显著,外掺1%(质量分数)聚乙二醇的AASF试样的91 d干燥收缩仅为1 683με,相较于对照组最大降低29.7%,这主要归因于孔隙结构的显著粗化。聚乙二醇和乳胶对AASF的抗压强度有一定的负面影响,主要源于水化反应程度的降低和整体孔隙率的增加。三种无机膨胀剂在AASF体系中发挥出的收缩补偿效果不强,但对抗折强度有显著的增益效果。

热处理对汽车用镁/铝复合板的扩散动力学及力学性能的影响

目的探明热处理工艺参数对镁/铝复合板界面金属间化合物(IMCs)生长的影响规律,并揭示IMCs对镁/铝复合板力学性能的影响。方法首先通过热轧复合实验,制备了镁/铝复合板,其次通过不同的热处理工艺以及对界面微观结构特征的表征实验研究了温度和时间对镁/铝复合板界面金属间化合物和界面结合质量的影响规律,最后通过理论计算,从扩散动力学的角度分析了界面相的形成机制和长大行为。结果镁和铝之间反应主要生成2种金属间化合物,即靠近铝侧的Mg_(2)Al_(3)和靠近镁侧的Mg_(17)Al_(12);一定厚度的金属间化合物有利于界面结合强度的提高,其中当IMCs层厚度为4μm时,界面结合强度最高,为32.5 MPa,随着IMCs层厚度的增加,界面结合质量逐渐降低,最终稳定在12.4 MPa附近。结论界面结合强度变化主要是由于热处理改变了界面的结合方式,由最初的Mg-Al直接接触到不连续的Mg-IMCs-Al接触再到最后的连续的Mg-IMCs-Al接触,改变了界面裂纹萌生和失效的方式。

PDMS包封CPCM制备三明治结构织物及热性能分析

为解决正十八烷在使用过程中的相泄露问题,以细菌纤维素膜为支撑载体、聚二甲基硅氧烷为包封材料,通过真空浸渍和热固处理制备形稳性复合相变材料。正十八烷浸渍率高达84.9%,潜热能为212.70 J/g,可经受100次热循环测试。经180°弯折后回弹角为156.4°,回弹角相较于包封前提高了131.7%。以复合相变材料为中间层、涤棉混纺织物为外层,经由聚二甲基硅氧烷粘合和固化处理,制得三明治结构织物。吸热饱和后,三明治织物表面温度比普通织物延时降温310 s,在日照模型和人体热管理测试中其覆盖的空间内部温度比普通织物覆盖处降低0.9℃,显示出优异的储热和隔热性能。

Effect of gadolinium doping on phase transformation and microstructure of Gd_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 composite coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition

4 mol.% Y203 stabilized ZrO2 （YSZ） doped with various quantifies of Gd203 （G-YSZ） ceramic comings were synthesized by electrophoretic deposition method, and followed by vacuum sintering and isothermally annealing at 1000 ℃ for different durations. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to investigate their phase composition. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was employed to examine their microstructure, while energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDS） was used to assess composition of the composite coatings. The results indicated that YSZ coating was composed of tetragonal and monoclinic phase after vacuum sintefing at 1000 ~C for 2 h under vacuum （〈103 Pa）. G-YSZ composite coatings were composed of tetmgonal, monoclinic phase and a small amount of Gd2Zr207 phase after vacuum sintering at 1000 ℃ for 2 h, whereas the content ofmonoclinic phase in G-YSZ composite coatings in- creased with increasing Gd203 concentration. It was found that G-YSZ composite coatings were composed of tetragonal ZrO2 phase, monoclinic ZrO2 phase and cubic phase, whereas Gd2Zr207 phase disappeared, after G-YSZ composite coatings were isothermally annealed at 1000 ℃ in air for 100 h. A detailed description of the results and their discussion was presented in the paper.

抗冲共聚聚丙烯性能优化与结构分析

对工艺优化前后的两批抗冲共聚聚丙烯EPS30R产品进行了性能与结构组成研究。对比研究结果表明:优化后的EPS30R冲击强度和弯曲模量均有提高,从结构组成上看,两批EPS30R产品的分子质量及分布基本一致;与EPS30R-1相比,刚韧平衡性更好的EPS30R-2乙烯含量高、橡胶相尺寸更小、分散更均匀,同时其二甲苯可溶物(XS)含量更高且可溶部分特性黏数更高,这些结构特点是使产品冲击性能更高的主要因素;序列结构rr含量低对保持聚丙烯产品刚性有利。