宋元明清时期“～价”结构中“价”的用法分析

本文通过对宋元明清时期的部分文学作品中带'～价'结构的文例的考察,分析了'价'字在宋元明清时期作为虚词的几种主要语法功能和用法.

Structural changes and volatility correlation in nonferrous metal market

The GARCH and DCC-GARCH models are used to study the volatility aggregation and dynamic relevance of China’s three kinds of nonferrous metals （copper, aluminum and zinc） pricesincorporating structural changes. The results show that copper, aluminum and zinc returns have many structure breaks points, and nonferrous metals have the greatvolatilityrisk during financial crisis. From the resultsof GARCH with and without structural changes,it isfoundthat the volatility clustering of single nonferrous metal is overvalued when ignoring the structural mutation, and the return of aluminum isthe most overvalued, indicating that aluminum market is more susceptible to external shock.Furthermore,it is also foundthatdynamic volatility correlation exists in the three prices of nonferrous metals, and the structural changes have no significant effect on the volatility correlation of thethree nonferrous metals.

Research on Evaluation and Optimization of Regional Land Use Structure Efficiency

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to judge the rationality of land use structure from new perspectives and method. [Method] The theory of data en- velopment analysis （DEA） has been employed in this article. A case study of evalu- ation of land use structure for Wujin district in 2012 is provided to illustrate the ap- plication of this research model. At the micro perspective, land use efficiency has been analyzed by use of data envelopment analysis model. The optimization and adjustment direction in land use structure has been pointed out from the view point of land use efficiency. [Result] The result has shown that the research method based on information entropy and data envelopment analysis model can effectively overcome the drawback of traditional evaluation techniques. Compared with the tra- ditional methods, the new optimization model based on a structure of the multi-crite- ria factors and objective weighting method can evaluate the rationality of land use structure more comprehensively.

Calculation of Valence Subband Structures for Strained Quantum-Wells by Plane Wave Expansion Method Within 6×6 Luttinger-Kohn Model

The valence subband energies and wave functions of a tensile strained quantum well are calculated by the plane wave expansion method within the 6×6 Luttinger Kohn model.The effect of the number and period of plane waves used for expansion on the stability of energy eigenvalues is examined.For practical calculation,it should choose the period large sufficiently to ensure the envelope functions vanish at the boundary and the number of plane waves large enough to ensure the energy eigenvalues keep unchanged within a prescribed range.

Assessment of landscape ecology of agricultural protection forest system at Beizang Town, Daxing County, Beijing

Based on theories of protective forests and landscape ecology, the reasonableness of structures and patterns of shelterbelt system at Beizang Town, Daxing County, Beijing were analyzed and assessed from the two scales of forest belts and networks, by integrating uses of field investigation, GIS and RS techniques. Results showed that the existent main belt (3-12 m in width) was too narrow, while the assistant belt (3-27.1 m in width) was too wide; the species composition of the existent shelterbelts was single, and the structures and patterns of the shelterbelt system were unreasonable. It is suggested that the structure of the main and the assistant belts should be changed, such as increasing the width of main belts, decreasing the width of assistant belt, and planting more mixed species, and the pattern with arbores in the middle and shrubs in the sides of belts could be taken into account. For the landscape structure of forest network after regenerating or reconstruction, the grid number of closed network should be 13 per km2 and the minimum number of belts should be 34 per km2. This study also testified that integrating GIS and remote technique with landscape ecology could provide an effective method for reasonable reconstruction of the structures and patterns of shelterbelts system.

Application of Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation in Development of Animal Husbandry Technology

[Objective] This study aimed to provide references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry tech- nology. [Method] With the livelihood improvement program for agricultural and pas- toral area in northern Yunnan as the example, the development process of partici- patory animal husbandry was overviewed. And the monitoring and evaluation pro- cesses of participatory animal husbandry were introduced and analyzed. [Result] The monitoring and evaluation indicator system of participatory animal husbandry technol- ogy included 4 layers, namely technology, institutional system, personnel ability con- struction and effectiveness, and 11 third-level indicators, namely, technical characteristics, superiority-inferiority comparison, community and farmers, technical personnel, project personnel, economic indicators and social indicators. [Conclusion] This study provided the references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry technology.

Structural Performance Evaluation Procedure for Large Flexible Airship of HALE Stratospheric Platform Conception

Basic loads applied on the airship envelope were analyzed.The resultant forces,the static bending moment and the dynamic bending moment were formulated.Based on classic linear elastic membrane theory,the procedures to calculate the minimum pressure were proposed for sufficient rigidity evaluation.The limit load capacity was further investigated,and the related formula were developed.Finally,the stress and internal forces analysis was carried out for cylindrical and non-cylindrical approximations of envelope hull of airship.The present research is very valuable to the overall preliminary design of airship and further research.

Color Image Quality Assessment Based on Structural Similarity

It is well-known that classical quality measures,such as Mean Squared Error(MSE),Weighted Mean Squared Error(WMSE)or Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),are not always corresponding with visual observations.Structural similarity based image quality assessment was proposed under the assumption that the Human Visual System(HVS)is highly adapted for extracting structural information from an image.While the demand on high color quality increases in the media industry,color loss will make the visual quality different.In this paper,we proposed an improved quality assessment(QA)method by adding color comparison into the structural similarity(SSIM)measurement system for evaluating color image quality.Then we divided the task of similarity measurement into four comparisons:luminance,contrast,structure,and color.Experimental results show that the predicted quality scores of the proposed method are more effective and consistent with visual quality than the classical methods using five different distortion types of color image sets.

Differences of grain-refining effect of Sc and Ti additions in aluminum by empirical electron theory analysis

The differences of grain-refining effect between Sc and Ti additions in aluminum,which cannot be substantially explained by traditional theories,were carefully studied.The empirical electron theory(EET) of solids and molecules was employed to calculate the valence electron structures(VES) of Al3Ti and Al3Sc.The conclusions can be drawn that,in the two alloys Al-Ti and Al-Sc,the different valence electron structures of Al3Ti and Al3Sc and the consequent differences of growth habit of the two particles,and the different interfacial electron density between particles and matrix fundamentally lead to the differences of grain-refining effect between Sc and Ti additions on aluminum and make Sr the better grain-refiner of aluminum.

THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.

Non-covalent associative structure of coal

The recent progress of non-covalent associative structure of coal, and the mechanisms of the CS2/NMP (1:1 by volume) mixed solvent and the additive addition enhancing the extraction yield of coals were reviewed, and the aggregation behavior of coal in solid and solution states were presented, and the aggregation behavior of coal in solid and solution states were introduced in this paper. Coal extraction and swelling in organic solvents at room temperature were the most useful methods to understand the associative structure of coal. CS2/NMP (1:1 by volume) is a unique solvent to give high extraction yields for some bituminous coals. Some additives can dissociate the stronger interactions among coal molecules and enhance the extraction yields of coal in the mixed solvent.

Rotifer community structure and assessment of water quality in Yangcheng Lake

Rotifer community structure was investigated in Yangcheng Lake in 2008. Dominant species and species diversity indices were determined and QB/T was used to assess water quality. The annual average density and biomass of the rotifers in Yangcheng Lake was 2 894＋ 1 006 indYL and 12.47± 10.28 mg/L, respectively. The highest densities were observed in the western portion of the lake in March, but the highest biomass occurred in inflowing creeks in September. Within a year of monitoring in Yangcheng Lake, 93 species were identified and the dominant species were found to be Polyarthra trigla, Brachionus angularis, Keratella eochlearis, Keratella valga, Brachionus calyciflorus, and Filinia major. Of the species recorded, 75 were pollution indicator species. Density and biomass exhibited significant positive correlations with water temperature （R=0,209, P=0.003; R=0.446, P=0.000）, but the peak density showed two lags in response to chl a. According to the Jaccard similarity index （S0, the greatest similarity among dominant species occurred between creeks and the eastern part of the lake. The annual average Shannon-Wiener diversity index H＇, Margalef richness index D and Pielou evenness index J were 1.96±0.34, 1.61±0.50 and 0.77±0.10, respectively. In all four areas of Yangcheng Lake, β- mesosaprobic species comprised the largest share of pollution indicator species. These data suggest that Yangcheng Lake is mesosaprobic.

Numerical evaluation of uplifting effect for upper structure by grouting

A stratum grouting-soil-structure interaction model which simplified the grouted zone into a series of spherical grout bulbs was established using FLAC3D program. The hypothetical non-uniform expansion process to reach an assigned volume strain due to soil compression by grouting was achieved by imposing radial velocity on outer mesh nodes of these spheres. This new method avoids the repeated trial calculation needed in the traditional method which applied a fictitious expanding pressure in the grouting element. The deformation and additional internal forces of structure were investigated during each grouting strategy and the influences of various stiffness of grouting proof curtain and bearing capacity of pile tip were discussed simultaneously. The numerical model is proved to be effective to replicate general behavior expected in the field and is capable of modeling the uplifting effect for the surface structure by grouting.

Quotient space model based on algebraic structure

In the quotient space theory of granular computing,the universe structure is assumed to be a topology,therefore,its application is still limited.In this study,based on the quotient space model,the universe structure is assumed as an algebra instead of a topology.As to obtain the algebraic quotient operator,the granulation must be uniquely determined by a congruence relation,and all the congruence relations form a complete semi-order lattice,which is the theoretical basis of granularities ' completeness.When the given equivalence relation is not a congruence relation,it defines the concepts of upper quotient and lower quotient,and discusses some of their properties which demonstrate that falsity preserving principle and truth preserving principle are still valid.Finally,it presents the algorithms and example of upper quotient and lower quotient.The work extends the quotient space theory from structure,and provides theoretical basis for the combination of the quotient space theory and the algebra theory.

Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) with a relative high concentration using different kinds of zero-valent iron powders: Focusing on effect of carbon content and structure on reducibility

Reduction of Cr(VI)using zero-valent iron(ZVI)could not only decrease the amounts of chemicals used for reduction,but also decrease the discharge of sludge.In order to find a desirable ZVI material,reduction of Cr(VI)with a relative high concentration using different kinds of ZVI powders(mainly carbon differences)including reduced Fe,grey cast iron,pig iron,nodular pig iron was carried out.Parameters such as ZVI dosage,type and size affecting on Cr(VI)reduction were firstly examined and grey cast iron was selected as a preferable reducing material,followed by pig iron.Additionally,it was found that the parameters had significant influences on experimental kinetics.Then,morphology and composition of the sample before and after reaction were characterized by SEM,EPMA and XPS analyses to disclose carbon effect on the reducibility.In order to further interpret reaction mechanism,different reaction models were constructed.It was revealed that not only the carbon content could affect the Cr(VI)reduction,but also the carbon structure had an important effect on its reduction.

Preparation of porous Ta-10%Nb alloy scaffold and its in vitro biocompatibility evaluation using MC3T3-E1 cells

A highly porous Ta-10%Nb alloy was successfully prepared for tissue engineering via the methods of the sponge impregnation and sintering techniques.The porous Ta-10%Nb alloy offers the capability of processing a pore size of 300-600μm,a porosity of(68.0±0.41)%,and open porosity of(93.5±2.6)%.The alloy also shows desirable mechanical properties similar to those of cancellous bone with the elastic modulus and the comprehensive strength of(2.54±0.5)GPa and(83.43±2.5)MPa,respectively.The morphology of the pores in the porous Ta-Nb alloy shows a good interconnected three-dimension(3D)network open cell structure.It is also found that the rat MC3T3-E1 cell can well adhere,grow and proliferate on the porous Ta-Nb alloy.The interaction of the porous alloy on cells is attributed to its desirable pore structure,porosity and the great surface area.The advanced mechanical and biocompatible properties of the porous alloy indicate that this material has promising potential applications in tissue engineering.

Synthesis of Iron-Pyridoxine Complex by Solvothermal Process, Its Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation

Hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions and nitricoxide radicals are reactive species that can attack biomolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins to cause many lifestyle-related diseases including hypertension and photoaging. This study reports the synthesis of new copper-pyridoxine and iron-pyridoxine complexes. The complexes have been synthesized and characterized by molar conductances, IR, UV-Visible, mass spectrometry, melting points and magnetic moment datas. The molecular formula of the complex is found to be Fe（py ^-）2Cl.H2O. The pyH/pyligand is coordinated to copper and iron through N atom of the pyridine ring and O atom of 5＇-CH2OH group. The Fe（III） complex is found to be paramagnetic with one unpaired electron. The antioxidant activities of the free ligand and its complexes were determined in vitro.

Electron theory study on the effect of Mn on as-cast structure of Fe-C-Cr-Mn cast irons

The valence electron structure of alloying austenite of 3C-15Cr high chromium white cast iron with different Mn contents from 1% to 6% is analyzed by BLD method and EET. Results show that the addition of Mn has major influence on the valence electron structure of the alloying austenite, especially on that of Fe-C, Fe-C-Cr and Fe-C-Cr-Mn unit cells of it. The effect becomes weak when Mn content is over 4%. Based on the effect of n~, F~~, the weighting of each unit cell and the degree of undercooling on phase transition of the aus- tenite, we can calculate the retained austenite content of as-cast structure of the high chromium white cast iron. The calculation results coincide well with those of the experiment. The phase transition characters of the austenite in high chromium white cast iron can be forecasted through valence electron structure analysis of alloying austenite by BLD method and EET on the basis of Fe-C-Cr equilibrium phase diagram.

Assessment of Climate Change Variability Impacts on Wheat and Barley Production in Palestine

The study aimed at addressing climate variability impacts on wheat and barley production in Palestine. A combination of literature survey and multiple semi-structured interviews with officials from the Palestinian governmental agriculture related agencies and active non-governmental organizations （NGOs） used for gathering information on wheat and barley production in Palestine. The gathered data along with information and subsequent results prevailed that the West Bank since the 1970s has experienced a significant decrease in winter rainfall. Across 15 sites, growing season rainfall （September to May） decreased by an average of 11% and the sum of rainfall in September and October decreased by 45%. Despite the large decline in rainfall, yields based on the actual weather data did not fall. These results were due to the rainfall changes mainly occurring in September and October, a period when rainfall often is less than crop demand. The study arrived at conclusion based on the study results that climate change variabilities have differential impacts on the yield growth of wheat and barley. However, both rainfed dependent crops are adversely affected by the current climate trends. The yields of barley and wheat are decreasing due to increased temperature and decreased precipitation.

Nonpeptide somatostatin analogs:recent advances in its application and research

Along with its wide anatomical distribution, somatostatin (SST) acts on multiple targets via a family of 5 receptors to produce a broad spectrum of biological effects. Therefore, a variety of peptide analogs have been produced and are widely used in clinical treatment. However, because of their flaws in the structure of peptide, the clinical efficacy is limited. In this review, we summarize the structure, pharmacological effects and the potential clinical value of non-peptide SST analogs. We focus on the research and development of non-peptide SST analogs since 1998, and discuss the problems and potential prospects for non-peptide SST analogs. We believe that as more non-peptide somatostatin analogs are successfully developed, the extensive clinical application of SSTs will contribute a great deal to medical science.