A crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat sensing system for naked-eye sweat loss quantification via changes in structural reflectance

Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal method for the fabrication of colorimetric microfluidics designed for sweat loss monitoring remains challenging.In this study,we propose a novel laserengraved surface roughening strategy for various flexible substrates.This process permits the construction of microchannels that show distinct structural reflectance changes before and after sweat filling.By leveraging these unique optical properties,we have developed a fully laser-engraved microfluidic device for the quantification of naked-eye sweat loss.This sweat loss sensor is capable of a volume resolution of 0.5µL and a total volume capacity of 11µL,and can be customized to meet different performance requirements.Moreover,we report the development of a crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat microfluidic system that integrates an Ag/AgCl chloride sensor and a matching wireless measurement flexible printed circuit board.This integrated system enables the real-time monitoring of colorimetric sweat loss signals and potential ion concentration signals without crosstalk.Finally,we demonstrate the potential practical use of this microfluidic sweat loss sensor and its integrated system for sports medicine via on-body studies.

In situ forming injectable MSC-loaded GelMA hydrogels combined with PD for vascularized sweat gland regeneration

Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells were isolated for implantation in vivo using surgical procedures.However,the reduced cell activity after cell isolation from 3D constructs and low cell retention in injured sites limit its application[1].Methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogel has the advantage of fast crosslinking,which could resemble complex architectures of tissue construct in vivo[2].Here,we adopted a noninvasive bioprinting procedure to imitate the regenerative microenvironment that could simultaneously direct the sweat gland(SG)and vascular differentiation from MSCs and ultimately promote the replacement of glandular tissue in situ(Fig.1a).

Wearable sweat biosensors on textiles for health monitoring

With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration,a wide variety of textilebased wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare,exercise monitoring,and pre-diagnostics.This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring.The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced.The classification,fabrication methods,and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized.Afterward,innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented,followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance.Finally,the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability,washability,stability,and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.

Marcus-Gunn Jaw Winking Syndrome and Gustatory Sweating in Long Standing Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Case Report

Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes has not been reported. Material and Methods: A 64 year man with poorly controlled diabetes of 18 years presented with 3 month history of jaw winking on the left side along with gustatory sweating, which was managed conservatively. There was spontaneous improvement in jaw wink at 4 months of follow up. Conclusions: Acquired causes of MGJWS are not known. This is probably the first report of this syndrome occurring at such a late age. Long standing poorly controlled diabetes may have had some role in the development of jaw winking in this patient.

Relationship between Menopausal Sweating and Body Mass Index

We sought to examine the relationship between BMI, sweat rate (SR) and sweat volume (SV) in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women during a moderate exercise. Based on their ages and menstrual cycle history, thirty healthy women were divided into three groups: pre- (22.5 ± 0.8 yrs, n = 10), peri- (46.5 ± 1.1 yrs, n = 10) and post- (52.2 ± 0.9 yrs, n = 10). Participants underwent a 15- minute walk on a treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h at 27°C. Sweat was collected and measured with a suction apparatus around a confined area of 120 cm2 outlined on the skin of the face and neck of the participants during the exercise. SR and BMI were determined using the formulae: and ? , respectively. The older women had a significantly higher BMI: pre-, peri- and post- (23.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2 vs 28.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2 vs 28.4 ± 0.7) (p there was no significant difference in SV (1.3 ± 0.4 ml vs 1.7 ± 0.2 ml vs 0.9 ± 0.1 ml) between the groups, the peri-women showed a significantly higher SR (0.07 ± 0.02 ml/min vs 0.12 ± 0.01 ml/min vs 0.06 ± 0.01 ml/min) (p < 0.05). A significant and positive correlation existed between BMI and SR (p < 0.05);SV (p < 0.01). Our findings support the conclusions that increased menopausal sweating is associated with weight gain/increased BMI especially during the perimenopausal transition period.

Dynamic Analysis of Mental Sweating by the Time-Sequential Piled-Up En-Face OCT Images

In this paper, the dynamic analysis of mental sweating for sound stimulus of a few tens of eccrine sweat glands is performed by the time-sequential piled-up en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the frame spacing of 3.3 sec. In the experiment, the amount of excess sweat can be evaluated simultaneously for a few tens of sweat glands by piling up of all the en-face OCT images. Strong non-uniformity is observed in mental sweating where the amount of sweat in response to sound stimulus is different for each sweat gland. Furthermore, the amount of sweat is significantly increased in proportion to the strength of the stimulus.

Gray Synthetic Evaluation on Moisture Comfort of Sportswear Fabrics under the Condition of Heavy Sweating

Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray analysis method is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive comfort of these fabrics. Result shows chemical fiber with high moisture transfer performance has advantage in water transfer and diffusion, which is suitable for human under the condition of heavy sweating. Though natural fiber can absorb moisture well, it cannot transfer fluid sweat. Therefore natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, wool are unsuitable to make functional sportswear.

Development of a New-type Sweating Manikin System

A new type of sweating manikin system has been developed to evaluate thermal insulation and moisture evaporative resistance of clothing, which is reliable, easy control and low cost. In this paper the manikin system was reported and discussed from the aspects of system construction, work principles, figure formation, simulated sweating system, and technical properties.

Review:Wearable Sweat Sensors for Diseases Prevention and Monitoring

Advanced in wireless technologies and flexible materials with great biocompatibility,wearable devices have been utilized in the field of healthcare,sports management,and diseases prevention,which have been widely applied in current electronic equipment.Sweat,as a common metabolite on the skin surface,contains a wealth of biomarkers for disease detection and diagnosis.Therefore,developing wearable sweat sensors can provide a non⁃invasive method for health data collecting,sports monitoring,and clinical diagnosis in a convenient way.Recent research in sweat metabolomics has offered a lot of information for sweat analysis and the wearable sweat sensors with small size,various sensing,and transmission units,and good skin contact has exhibited dynamic multi⁃signal detection.This article introduces the biomarkers in sweat related to different diseases and the current development of sweat sensors for user􀆳s activation monitoring and diseases detection.The barriers and difficulties in the future are also discussed and perspectives in the next generation sweat sensors are proposed.

Chief Physician Defen Wang’s Clinical Experience in Dialectical Treatment with Mediation Method of Perimenopausal Sweating

The objective of this paper is to outline Chief Physician Defen Wang’s clinical experience in perimenopausal sweating syndrome differentiation and treatment,to inherit Mr.Gao’s academic concept of mediation technique,and to integrate multiple prescriptions under Mr.Gao’s thinking.The deficiency is based on the deficiency of liver and kidney Yin,the weakness of spleen and stomach,and the standard is the imbalance of Ying and Wei,the imbalance of Qi,blood and body fluid,and the main method of treatment is nourishing liver and kidney,soothing liver and invigorating spleen,regulating Ying and Wei,as well as tonifying Qi and absorbing fluid.

凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎对腋臭术后并发症发生率的影响研究

目的:研究凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎对腋臭术后并发症发生率的影响。方法:将入选的101例患者按就诊顺序编号,随机分为两组,均采用微小切口大汗腺修剪术治疗。治疗组61例,采用凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎,对照组40例,采用“8”字绷带包扎。结果:治疗组皮下血肿、皮肤坏死、切口愈合延迟、瘢痕的发生率(分别为0.82%、0.82%、1.64%、2.46%)低于对照组(分别为12.5%、7.5%、8.75%、10%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);治疗组、对照组术口感染发生率分别为1.64%、2.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组满意度为93.44%,高于对照组的62.50%(P<0.05)。结论:与“8”字绷带包扎相比,凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎可以一定程度上降低腋臭术后并发症发生率,满意度更高,值得临床推广应用。

中药厚朴产地加工发汗前后所含挥发油抗氧化活性及治疗溃疡性结肠炎药效研究

目的研究厚朴发汗前后挥发油体外抗氧化活性及对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠药效作用。方法采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)[2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS^(+)]阳离子自由基、总还原力的清除能力为指标评价厚朴发汗前后挥发油的体外抗氧化活性;将42只雄性ICR小鼠采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)建立经典溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)小鼠模型,记录正常组、模型组、发汗厚朴挥发油高剂量组、发汗厚朴挥发油低剂量组、未发汗厚朴挥发油高剂量组、未发汗厚朴挥发油低剂量组、柳氮磺吡啶组相关指标差异。结果发汗前后厚朴挥发油均具有一定还原力、清除DPPH自由基和ABTS^(+)自由基能力,且发汗厚朴挥发油在DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除能力上更佳;发汗前后厚朴挥发油高剂量组及柳氮磺吡啶组均可改善DSS造成的小鼠疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分升高,恢复DSS小鼠肠道组织的病理状态,改善脾脏系数和单位长度结肠质量,调节小鼠结肠中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)炎症因子水平,降低结肠黏膜细胞中闭合蛋白(claudin-1)和闭锁蛋白(Occludin)的表达,且发汗后药效更强。结论发汗前后厚朴挥发油均具有抗溃疡性结肠炎及抗氧化作用,且发汗后厚朴挥发油的效果更佳,进一步阐释了厚朴产地加工发汗的科学性。

汗液老化对玻璃微珠反光材料性能的影响

反光材料具有良好的夜间可视性,在夜间及视线较差的环境下给人们提供有效可靠的安全保障,被广泛应用于特殊作业服装等领域。为了科学评估反光布的安全防护作用,探讨汗液对玻璃微珠反光材料性能的影响,对反光材料分别进行1、5、10、20、25、30、40、50次酸碱汗液老化实验,对试样外观特征、色差、微观结构、逆反射系数进行实验与分析。结果表明:老化后试样有不同程度的玻璃微珠脱落、铝层溶出、表面盐结晶析出等现象,导致反光材料性能下降;试样的反光性能随酸碱汗液老化次数的增加先提升后下降,汗液老化次数大于5次,逆反射系数呈下降趋势,其中酸性汗液相比于碱性汗液对反光材料性能的影响更显著;经过酸性汗液老化50次,试样的逆反射系数下降了2.97%~12.86%。

可穿戴汗液传感器系统的研究进展

在新材料和新技术广泛应用的背景下,柔性可穿戴汗液监测设备成为当前国内外研究的热点。目前,基于柔性可穿戴设备的汗液检测一般需要3个环节:汗液的取样、目标分析物的选择性检测以及系统的集成与控制。本文主要从汗液原位检测的优势出发,总结了汗液的刺激和提取的方法,并对电化学类的汗液传感器的研究进展进行多角度的分析与评价。最后讨论了可穿戴的汗液传感器存在的不足,以及未来系统的发展方向。

《临证指南医案》自汗证治探析

自汗是特殊汗出的一种类型,该病易见而难治。基于清代名家叶天士之《临证指南医案》,深入阐析自汗之定义、病机、治法,总结叶天士杂症自汗证治特色及具体方药,并据此探讨特殊自汗证型,进一步丰富临床汗证诊疗经验。

基于玄府理论探讨中医外治银屑病

玄府理论方面的研究近年来渐成热点。玄府最早见于黄帝内经,刘完素从“微观”角度来认识玄府,为玄府理论奠定基础。经后世医家不断研究发展,玄府理论逐步完善为独立的辨证体系,被广泛用来阐释人体生理、病机。本文尝试从“玄府”理论探讨中医外治银屑病,就“玄府理论”指导银屑病外治法的机制加以浅析,冀期对中医外治银屑病提供理论依据及治疗思路。

从元代“汗酒”看中国蒸馏酒起源

元代的蒸馏酒虽有“汗酒”“烧酒”“重酿酒”等汉语名称,但一度流行的“阿剌吉酒”等音译名称,使得中国蒸馏酒起源成为颇具争议的国际性学术问题。本文在系统梳理史籍所载“汗酒”及其制备用具的基础上,结合考古发现的相关资料,通过“汗酒”名称和蒸馏器具渊源的探析,认为“汗酒”之名理应源自历史典故“汗出如浆”,而制备“汗酒”的酒铛实乃釜、甑等多件套甗式蒸馏器。尤其“酒铛”与古代蒸馏器实物的相互对应,有助于重新审视中国蒸馏酒、蒸馏器的起源及演化历程。

硅胶伪造指印识别方法研究

研究硅胶伪造指印识别要点,为识别硅胶伪造指印提供依据。分别制作硅胶伪造指纹膜,然后用硅胶仿生指纹膜和同一手指在相同情况下蘸取印泥,在A4纸上垂直按压形成印泥指印,比较硅胶伪造指印与真实指印的特征差异。结果表明,真实指印的单根乳突纹线颜色深浅之间有过渡,有立体感,或者有细微漏白,而硅胶伪造指印没有以上特征;真实指印中汗孔的反映性不稳定,有时也没有反映,而硅胶伪造指印中,汗孔特征一般无法反映;纹线粗细、纹线间隔、空白特征和细节特征等受捺印力度等因素的影响,两者之间没有明显差异。在识别硅胶伪造指印过程中,可以将单根乳突纹线墨迹分布特征和汗孔特征作为识别硅胶伪造指印的主要依据,其他特征可以作为重要参考,应从多方面综合分析需检指印。

基于“玄府气液”理论治疗慢性难愈性溃疡

慢性难愈性溃疡是“虚”“瘀”两种致病因素相互交织、相互作用的结果,“虚”“瘀”贯穿疾病发展的始终。而“玄府开阖失司,气液代谢失调”是本病迁延难治的病机关键。刘丽芳教授综合运用煨脓生肌、阳和通玄、托里消毒诸法开玄府、调气液,令玄府开阖有司,气液代谢调和,临床疗效满意,附验案一则加以阐明。

柔性汗液传感器的研究及其应用进展

可穿戴传感器以独特的监测模式(实时、连续、非侵入性)在医疗、体育、健康监测等领域得到了迅速发展。汗液中含有多种生物标记物,如代谢物、电解质和各种激素等。汗液可以反映人体的劳累程度、疾病、压力水平、运动情况等,与可穿戴技术相结合,汗液传感器有望实现低成本、实时、原位的汗液监测。本文从柔性汗液传感器的基底材料种类入手,介绍了近年来汗液传感器常用的基底材料,并概述了柔性汗液传感器在监测方面的应用。最后,总结了目前存在的局限性及对未来发展的展望。